学习目标
Spring是Java企业版(Java Enterprise Edition,JEE,也称J2EE)的轻量级代替品。无需开发重量级的Enterprise JavaBean(EJB),Spring为企业级Java开发提供了一种相对简单的方法,通过依赖注入和面向切面编程,用简单的Java对象(Plain Old Java Object,POJO)实现了EJB的功能。
虽然Spring的组件代码是轻量级的,但它的配置却是重量级的。一开始,Spring用XML配置,而且是很多XML配置。Spring 2.5引入了基于注解的组件扫描,这消除了大量针对应用程序自身组件的显式XML配置。Spring 3.0引入了基于Java的配置,这是一种类型安全的可重构配置方式,可以代替XML。
配置繁琐
所有这些配置都代表了开发时的损耗。因为在思考Spring特性配置和解决业务问题之间需要进行思维切换,所以编写配置挤占了编写应用程序逻辑的时间。和所有框架一样,Spring实用,但与此同时它要求的回报也不少。
依赖冲突
除此之外,项目的依赖管理也是一件耗时耗力的事情。在环境搭建时,需要分析要导入哪些库的坐标,而且还需要分析导入与之有依赖关系的其他库的坐标,一旦选错了依赖的版本,随之而来的不兼容问题就会严重阻碍项目的开发进度。
SpringBoot对上述Spring的缺点进行的改善和优化,基于约定优于配置的思想,可以让开发人员不必在配置与逻辑业务之间进行思维的切换,全身心的投入到逻辑业务的代码编写中,从而大大提高了开发的效率,一定程度上缩短了项目周期。
起步依赖
起步依赖本质上是一个Maven项目对象模型(Project Object Model,POM),定义了对其他库的传递依赖,这些东西加在一起即支持某项功能。
简单的说,起步依赖就是将具备某种功能的坐标打包到一起,并提供一些默认的功能。
自动配置
Spring Boot的自动配置是一个运行时(更准确地说,是应用程序启动时)的过程,考虑了众多因素,才决定Spring配置应该用哪个,不该用哪个。该过程是Spring自动完成的。
注意:起步依赖和自动配置的原理剖析会在第三章《SpringBoot原理分析》进行详细讲解
使用idea工具创建一个maven工程,该工程为普通的java工程即可
SpringBoot要求,项目要继承SpringBoot的起步依赖spring-boot-starter-parent
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parentartifactId>
<version>2.0.1.RELEASEversion>
parent>
SpringBoot要集成SpringMVC进行Controller的开发,所以项目要导入web的启动依赖
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId>
dependency>
dependencies>
要通过SpringBoot提供的引导类起步SpringBoot才可以进行访问
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class MySpringBootApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MySpringBootApplication.class);
}
}
在引导类MySpringBootApplication同级包或者子级包中创建QuickStartController
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
@Controller
public class QuickStartController {
@RequestMapping("/quick")
@ResponseBody
public String quick(){
return "springboot 访问成功!";
}
}
执行SpringBoot起步类的主方法,控制台打印日志如下:
. ____ _ __ _ _
/\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
\\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) )
' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
=========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
:: Spring Boot :: (v2.0.1.RELEASE)
2018-05-08 14:29:59.714 INFO 5672 --- [ main] com.itheima.MySpringBootApplication : Starting MySpringBootApplication on DESKTOP-RRUNFUH with PID 5672 (C:\Users\muzimoo\IdeaProjects\IdeaTest\springboot_quick\target\classes started by muzimoo in C:\Users\muzimoo\IdeaProjects\IdeaTest)
... ... ...
o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2018-05-08 14:30:03.126 INFO 5672 --- [ main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
2018-05-08 14:30:03.196 INFO 5672 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path ''
2018-05-08 14:30:03.206 INFO 5672 --- [ main] com.itheima.MySpringBootApplication : Started MySpringBootApplication in 4.252 seconds (JVM running for 5.583)
通过日志发现,Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path ‘’
tomcat已经起步,端口监听8080,web应用的虚拟工程名称为空
打开浏览器访问url地址为:http://localhost:8080/quick
我们在开发中反复修改类、页面等资源,每次修改后都是需要重新启动才生效,这样每次启动都很麻烦,浪费了大量的时间,我们可以在修改代码后不重启就能生效,在 pom.xml 中添加如下配置就可以实现这样的功能,我们称之为热部署。
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtoolsartifactId>
dependency>
注意:IDEA进行SpringBoot热部署失败原因
出现这种情况,并不是热部署配置问题,其根本原因是因为Intellij IEDA默认情况下不会自动编译,需要对IDEA进行自动编译的设置,如下:
然后 Shift+Ctrl+Alt+/,选择Registry
注意:Artifact contains illegal characters,是因为Artifact的命名为大小写混合,将大写改为小写即可正常创建
解决:程序包org.junit.jupiter.api不存在
在@Test注解 Add"JUnit 5.2"to classpath(鼠标点击注解@Test 左边出现红色灯泡,点击)
按住Ctrl点击pom.xml中的spring-boot-starter-parent,跳转到了spring-boot-starter-parent的pom.xml,xml配置如下(只摘抄了部分重点配置):
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependenciesartifactId>
<version>2.0.1.RELEASEversion>
<relativePath>../../spring-boot-dependenciesrelativePath>
parent>
按住Ctrl点击pom.xml中的spring-boot-starter-dependencies,跳转到了spring-boot-starter-dependencies的pom.xml,xml配置如下(只摘抄了部分重点配置):
<properties>
<activemq.version>5.15.3activemq.version>
<antlr2.version>2.7.7antlr2.version>
<appengine-sdk.version>1.9.63appengine-sdk.version>
<artemis.version>2.4.0artemis.version>
<aspectj.version>1.8.13aspectj.version>
<assertj.version>3.9.1assertj.version>
<atomikos.version>4.0.6atomikos.version>
<bitronix.version>2.1.4bitronix.version>
<build-helper-maven-plugin.version>3.0.0build-helper-maven-plugin.version>
<byte-buddy.version>1.7.11byte-buddy.version>
... ... ...
properties>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-bootartifactId>
<version>2.0.1.RELEASEversion>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-testartifactId>
<version>2.0.1.RELEASEversion>
dependency>
... ... ...
dependencies>
dependencyManagement>
<build>
<pluginManagement>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.jetbrains.kotlingroupId>
<artifactId>kotlin-maven-pluginartifactId>
<version>${kotlin.version}version>
plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.jooqgroupId>
<artifactId>jooq-codegen-mavenartifactId>
<version>${jooq.version}version>
plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-pluginartifactId>
<version>2.0.1.RELEASEversion>
plugin>
... ... ...
plugins>
pluginManagement>
build>
从上面的spring-boot-starter-dependencies的pom.xml中我们可以发现,一部分坐标的版本、依赖管理、插件管理已经定义好,所以我们的SpringBoot工程继承spring-boot-starter-parent后已经具备版本锁定等配置了。所以起步依赖的作用就是进行依赖的传递。
按住Ctrl点击pom.xml中的spring-boot-starter-web,跳转到了spring-boot-starter-web的pom.xml,xml配置如下(只摘抄了部分重点配置):
<project xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-startersartifactId>
<version>2.0.1.RELEASEversion>
parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId>
<version>2.0.1.RELEASEversion>
<name>Spring Boot Web Startername>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starterartifactId>
<version>2.0.1.RELEASEversion>
<scope>compilescope>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jsonartifactId>
<version>2.0.1.RELEASEversion>
<scope>compilescope>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcatartifactId>
<version>2.0.1.RELEASEversion>
<scope>compilescope>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate.validatorgroupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-validatorartifactId>
<version>6.0.9.Finalversion>
<scope>compilescope>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-webartifactId>
<version>5.0.5.RELEASEversion>
<scope>compilescope>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvcartifactId>
<version>5.0.5.RELEASEversion>
<scope>compilescope>
dependency>
dependencies>
project>
从上面的spring-boot-starter-web的pom.xml中我们可以发现,spring-boot-starter-web就是将web开发要使用的spring-web、spring-webmvc等坐标进行了“打包”,这样我们的工程只要引入spring-boot-starter-web起步依赖的坐标就可以进行web开发了,同样体现了依赖传递的作用。
按住Ctrl点击查看启动类MySpringBootApplication上的注解@SpringBootApplication
@SpringBootApplication
public class MySpringBootApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MySpringBootApplication.class);
}
}
注解@SpringBootApplication的源码
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(excludeFilters = {
@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class),
@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) })
public @interface SpringBootApplication {
/**
* Exclude specific auto-configuration classes such that they will never be applied.
* @return the classes to exclude
*/
@AliasFor(annotation = EnableAutoConfiguration.class)
Class<?>[] exclude() default {};
... ... ...
}
其中,
@SpringBootConfiguration:等同与@Configuration,既标注该类是Spring的一个配置类
@EnableAutoConfiguration:SpringBoot自动配置功能开启
按住Ctrl点击查看注解@EnableAutoConfiguration
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {
... ... ...
}
其中,@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class) 导入了AutoConfigurationImportSelector类
按住Ctrl点击查看AutoConfigurationImportSelector源码
public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
... ... ...
List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata,
attributes);
configurations = removeDuplicates(configurations);
Set<String> exclusions = getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes);
checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions);
configurations.removeAll(exclusions);
configurations = filter(configurations, autoConfigurationMetadata);
fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions);
return StringUtils.toStringArray(configurations);
}
protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata,
AnnotationAttributes attributes) {
List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(
getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(), getBeanClassLoader());
return configurations;
}
其中,SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames 方法的作用就是从META-INF/spring.factories文件中读取指定类对应的类名称列表
spring.factories 文件中有关自动配置的配置信息如下:
... ... ...
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.WebClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MultipartAutoConfiguration,\
... ... ...
上面配置文件存在大量的以Configuration为结尾的类名称,这些类就是存有自动配置信息的类,而SpringApplication在获取这些类名后再加载
我们以ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration为例来分析源码:
@Configuration
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
@ConditionalOnClass(ServletRequest.class)
@ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = Type.SERVLET)
@EnableConfigurationProperties(ServerProperties.class)
@Import({ ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration.BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar.class,
ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration.EmbeddedTomcat.class,
ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration.EmbeddedJetty.class,
ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration.EmbeddedUndertow.class })
public class ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration {
... ... ...
}
其中,
@EnableConfigurationProperties(ServerProperties.class) 代表加载ServerProperties服务器配置属性类
进入ServerProperties.class源码如下:
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "server", ignoreUnknownFields = true)
public class ServerProperties {
/**
* Server HTTP port.
*/
private Integer port;
/**
* Network address to which the server should bind.
*/
private InetAddress address;
... ... ...
}
其中,
prefix = “server” 表示SpringBoot配置文件中的前缀,SpringBoot会将配置文件中以server开始的属性映射到该类的字段中。映射关系如下:
SpringBoot是基于约定的,所以很多配置都有默认值,但如果想使用自己的配置替换默认配置的话,就可以使用application.properties或者application.yml(application.yaml)进行配置。
SpringBoot默认会从Resources目录下加载application.properties或application.yml(application.yaml)文件
其中,application.properties文件是键值对类型的文件,之前一直在使用,所以此处不在对properties文件的格式进行阐述。除了properties文件外,SpringBoot还可以使用yml文件进行配置,下面对yml文件进行讲解。
YML文件格式是YAML (YAML Aint Markup Language)编写的文件格式,YAML是一种直观的能够被电脑识别的的数据数据序列化格式,并且容易被人类阅读,容易和脚本语言交互的,可以被支持YAML库的不同的编程语言程序导入,比如: C/C++, Ruby, Python, Java, Perl, C#, PHP等。YML文件是以数据为核心的,比传统的xml方式更加简洁。
YML文件的扩展名可以使用.yml或者.yaml。
语法: key: value
示例代码:
name: haohao
注意:value之前有一个空格
语法:
key:
key1: value1
key2: value2
或者:
key: {key1: value1,key2: value2}
示例代码:
person:
name: haohao
age: 31
addr: beijing
#或者
person: {name: haohao,age: 31,addr: beijing}
注意:key1前面的空格个数不限定,在yml语法中,相同缩进代表同一个级别
同上面的对象写法
语法:
key:
- value1
- value2
或者:
key: [value1,value2]
示例代码:
city:
- beijing
- tianjin
- shanghai
- chongqing
#或者
city: [beijing,tianjin,shanghai,chongqing]
#集合中的元素是对象形式
student:
- name: zhangsan
age: 18
score: 100
- name: lisi
age: 28
score: 88
- name: wangwu
age: 38
score: 90
注意:value1与之间的 - 之间存在一个空格
上面提及过,SpringBoot的配置文件,主要的目的就是对配置信息进行修改的,但在配置时的key从哪里去查询呢?我们可以查阅SpringBoot的官方文档
文档URL:https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/2.0.1.RELEASE/reference/htmlsingle/#common-application-properties
常用的配置摘抄如下:
# QUARTZ SCHEDULER (QuartzProperties)
spring.quartz.jdbc.initialize-schema=embedded # Database schema initialization mode.
spring.quartz.jdbc.schema=classpath:org/quartz/impl/jdbcjobstore/tables_@@platform@@.sql # Path to the SQL file to use to initialize the database schema.
spring.quartz.job-store-type=memory # Quartz job store type.
spring.quartz.properties.*= # Additional Quartz Scheduler properties.
# ----------------------------------------
# WEB PROPERTIES
# ----------------------------------------
# EMBEDDED SERVER CONFIGURATION (ServerProperties)
server.port=8080 # Server HTTP port.
server.servlet.context-path= # Context path of the application.
server.servlet.path=/ # Path of the main dispatcher servlet.
# HTTP encoding (HttpEncodingProperties)
spring.http.encoding.charset=UTF-8 # Charset of HTTP requests and responses. Added to the "Content-Type" header if not set explicitly.
# JACKSON (JacksonProperties)
spring.jackson.date-format= # Date format string or a fully-qualified date format class name. For instance, `yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss`.
# SPRING MVC (WebMvcProperties)
spring.mvc.servlet.load-on-startup=-1 # Load on startup priority of the dispatcher servlet.
spring.mvc.static-path-pattern=/** # Path pattern used for static resources.
spring.mvc.view.prefix= # Spring MVC view prefix.
spring.mvc.view.suffix= # Spring MVC view suffix.
# DATASOURCE (DataSourceAutoConfiguration & DataSourceProperties)
spring.datasource.driver-class-name= # Fully qualified name of the JDBC driver. Auto-detected based on the URL by default.
spring.datasource.password= # Login password of the database.
spring.datasource.url= # JDBC URL of the database.
spring.datasource.username= # Login username of the database.
# JEST (Elasticsearch HTTP client) (JestProperties)
spring.elasticsearch.jest.password= # Login password.
spring.elasticsearch.jest.proxy.host= # Proxy host the HTTP client should use.
spring.elasticsearch.jest.proxy.port= # Proxy port the HTTP client should use.
spring.elasticsearch.jest.read-timeout=3s # Read timeout.
spring.elasticsearch.jest.username= # Login username.
我们可以通过配置application.poperties 或者 application.yml 来修改SpringBoot的默认配置
例如:
application.properties文件
server.port=8888
server.servlet.context-path=demo
application.yml文件
server:
port: 8888
servlet:
context-path: /demo
.properties的优先级高于.yml
我们可以通过@Value注解将配置文件中的值映射到一个Spring管理的Bean的字段上
例如:
application.properties配置如下:
person:
name: zhangsan
age: 18
或者,application.yml配置如下:
person:
name: zhangsan
age: 18
实体Bean代码如下:
@Controller
public class QuickStartController {
@Value("${person.name}")
private String name;
@Value("${person.age}")
private Integer age;
@RequestMapping("/quick")
@ResponseBody
public String quick(){
return "springboot 访问成功! name="+name+",age="+age;
}
}
通过注解@ConfigurationProperties(prefix=“配置文件中的key的前缀”)可以将配置文件中的配置自动与实体进行映射
application.properties配置如下:
person:
name: zhangsan
age: 18
或者,application.yml配置如下:
person:
name: zhangsan
age: 18
实体Bean代码如下:
@Controller
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person")
public class QuickStartController {
private String name;
private Integer age;
@RequestMapping("/quick")
@ResponseBody
public String quick(){
return "springboot 访问成功! name="+name+",age="+age;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
小技巧
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processorartifactId>
<optional>trueoptional>
dependency>
在pom依赖中加入processor执行器,在使用@ConfigurationProperties
时yml文件中会出现属性提示
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starterartifactId>
<version>1.1.1version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysqlgroupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-javaartifactId>
dependency>
这些属性的名称在spring-boot-autoconfigure包中中可以找到
在application.properties中添加数据量的连接信息
#DB Configuration:
spring.datasource.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=root
在test数据库中创建user表
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for `user`
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`;
CREATE TABLE `user` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`username` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
`password` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
`name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=10 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
-- ----------------------------
-- Records of user
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('1', 'zhangsan', '123', '张三');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('2', 'lisi', '123', '李四');
public class User {
// 主键
private Long id;
// 用户名
private String username;
// 密码
private String password;
// 姓名
private String name;
//此处省略getter和setter方法 .. ..
}
@Mapper
public interface UserMapper {
public List<User> queryUserList();
}
注意:@Mapper标记该类是一个mybatis的mapper接口,可以被spring boot自动扫描到spring上下文中
在src\main\resources\mapper路径下加入UserMapper.xml配置文件"
<mapper namespace="com.itheima.mapper.UserMapper">
<select id="queryUserList" resultType="user">
select * from user
select>
mapper>
#spring集成Mybatis环境
#pojo别名扫描包
mybatis.type-aliases-package=com.itheima.domain
#加载Mybatis映射文件
mybatis.mapper-locations=classpath:mapper/*Mapper.xml
@Controller
public class MapperController {
@Autowired
private UserMapper userMapper;
@RequestMapping("/queryUser")
@ResponseBody
public List<User> queryUser(){
List<User> users = userMapper.queryUserList();
return users;
}
}
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-testartifactId>
<scope>testscope>
dependency>
package com.itheima.test;
import com.itheima.MySpringBootApplication;
import com.itheima.domain.User;
import com.itheima.mapper.UserMapper;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import java.util.List;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = MySpringBootApplication.class)
public class MapperTest {
@Autowired
private UserMapper userMapper;
@Test
public void test() {
List<User> users = userMapper.queryUserList();
System.out.println(users);
}
}
其中,
SpringRunner继承自SpringJUnit4ClassRunner,使用哪一个Spring提供的测试测试引擎都可以
public final class SpringRunner extends SpringJUnit4ClassRunner
@SpringBootTest的属性指定的是引导类的字节码对象
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpaartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysqlgroupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-javaartifactId>
dependency>
#DB Configuration:
spring.datasource.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=root
#JPA Configuration:
spring.jpa.database=MySQL
spring.jpa.show-sql=true
spring.jpa.generate-ddl=true
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update
spring.jpa.hibernate.naming_strategy=org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy
@Entity
public class User {
// 主键
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Long id;
// 用户名
private String username;
// 密码
private String password;
// 姓名
private String name;
//此处省略setter和getter方法... ...
}
public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User,Long>{
public List<User> findAll();
}
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes=MySpringBootApplication.class)
public class JpaTest {
@Autowired
private UserRepository userRepository;
@Test
public void test(){
List<User> users = userRepository.findAll();
System.out.println(users);
}
}
注意:如果是jdk9,执行报错如下:
解决方案:手动导入对应的maven坐标,如下:
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.xml.bindgroupId>
<artifactId>jaxb-apiartifactId>
<version>2.3.0version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redisartifactId>
dependency>
#Redis
spring.redis.host=127.0.0.1
spring.redis.port=6379
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = SpringbootJpaApplication.class)
public class RedisTest {
@Autowired
private UserRepository userRepository;
@Autowired
private RedisTemplate<String, String> redisTemplate;
@Test
public void test() throws JsonProcessingException {
//从redis缓存中获得指定的数据
String userListData = redisTemplate.boundValueOps("user.findAll").get();
//如果redis中没有数据的话
if(null==userListData){
//查询数据库获得数据
List<User> all = userRepository.findAll();
//转换成json格式字符串
ObjectMapper om = new ObjectMapper();
userListData = om.writeValueAsString(all);
//将数据存储到redis中,下次在查询直接从redis中获得数据,不用在查询数据库
redisTemplate.boundValueOps("user.findAll").set(userListData);
System.out.println("===============从数据库获得数据===============");
}else{
System.out.println("===============从redis缓存中获得数据===============");
}
System.out.println(userListData);
}
}