线性调频 (LFM) 信号是雷达脉冲压缩常用的信号,也叫 chirp 信号,其时域表达式为(复数形式):
s ( t ) = r e c t ( t T ) × e j 2 π ( f c + K 2 t 2 ) s(t) = rect(\frac{t}{T})\times e^{j 2 \pi (f_c + \frac{K}{2} t^2)} s(t)=rect(Tt)×ej2π(fc+2Kt2)
其中, f c f_c fc为载频, r e c t ( t T ) rect(\frac{t}{T}) rect(Tt)为宽为 T T T的矩形波信号, K = B T K=\frac{B}{T} K=TB为调频斜率 slope
在程序中,设置 f c = 0 f_c=0 fc=0, T = 1 0 − 6 s T=10^{-6}s T=10−6s,信号带宽 B = 30 M H z B=30MHz B=30MHz
首先需要设置采样频率 F s F_s Fs,至少为信号带宽的2倍数,进而采样间隔 T s = 1 F s Ts=\frac{1}{F_s} Ts=Fs1,采样点数为 N = T T s N=\frac{T}{T_s} N=TsT
T = 10e-6; % Pulse duration 10us
B = 30e6; % Bandwidth 30MHz
K = B / T; % chirp slope
Fs = 2 * B; % sampling frequency
Ts = 1 / Fs; % sampling spacing
N = T / Ts; % Number of samples
接着生成信号,使用 linspace 函数生成时间序列
linspace(start, end, N) 代表从 start 开始,到 end 结束 (包含 end) 生成间隔均匀的 N 个点
%% signals
t = linspace(-T/2, T/2, N);
St = exp(1i*pi*K*t.^2); % s(t)
信号的 FFT (点击可查看原理)
freq = linspace(-Fs/2, Fs/2, N);
f = fftshift(abs(fft(St));
完整程序和结果
clear; clc;
set(0,'defaultfigurecolor', 'w')
%% parameters
T = 10e-6; % Pulse duration 10us
B = 30e6; % Bandwidth 30MHz
K = B / T; % chirp slope
Fs = 2 * B; % sampling frequency
Ts = 1 / Fs; % sampling spacing
N = T / Ts; % Number of samples
%% signals
t = linspace(-T/2, T/2, N);
St = exp(1i*pi*K*t.^2); % s(t)
%% plot LFM signal
figure(1)
subplot(2, 1, 1)
plot(t*1e6, real(St), 'k', 'LineWidth', 1.5);
xlabel('Time in u sec');
title('Real part of chirp signal');
grid on; axis tight;
%% plot chirp FFT
subplot(2, 2, 3)
freq = linspace(-Fs/2, Fs/2, N);
plot(freq*1e-6, fftshift(abs(fft(St))), 'k', 'LineWidth', 1.5);
xlabel('Frequency in MHz');
title('Magnitude spectrum of chirp signal');
grid on; axis tight;
subplot(2, 2, 4)
freq = linspace(-Fs/2, Fs/2, N);
plot(freq*1e-6, -pi/K*freq.^2 + pi/4, 'k', 'LineWidth', 1.5);
xlabel('Frequency in MHz');
title('Magnitude spectrum of chirp signal');
grid on; axis tight;
有一个小问题,通过
phase = angle(sFFT);
angle(1+1.732i)/3.14*180 % 60
得到的相位谱类似噪声,原因是信号的相位可能超过 2 π 2\pi 2π,但是函数 angle
是根据实部虚部计算相位的,只能返回 [ − π , + π ] [-\pi, +\pi] [−π,+π] 内的值,导致相位模糊,所以会得到的类似噪声的相位谱。
相关内容:雷达成像