2022年高考英语复习之微技能：英语作文的“六大高分原则”
一、写好简单句式, 奠定语言基础
1. 主谓(SV): 主语+谓语(不及物动词)
此句式用来表达主语的动作或状态。其特点是句子的谓语动词为不及物动词, 本身能表达完整的意思, 可以根据意思表达的需要添加副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
【输入经典】
①The big day has finally arrived.
大日子终于到来了。
②With butterflies in my stomach, I breathed deeply. 由于紧张, 我深呼了一口气。
【输出佳句】
①上午七点钟, 我们从学校大门口出发。
At 7 a. m. we started at the school gate.
②几分钟后, 那只黑熊回来了。
A few minutes later, the black bear came back.
2. 主系表(SVP): 主语+系动词+表语
此句式侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样, 其中谓语动词需用系动词, 表语多是形容词, 也可以是名词、介词短语、不定式或动名词等。
【输入经典】
①The campus was still very quiet when I arrived.
当我到达时, 校园还很安静。
②Thinking is more important than note-taking and memorizing. 思考比记笔记和记忆更重要。
【输出佳句】
①这次比赛的目的是鼓励我们学生多关注身体锻炼。
The purpose of this race was to inspire us students to pay more attention to physical exercise.
②我的英语老师对我们既严格又有爱心。
My English teacher is both strict with us and full of love for us.
3. 主谓宾(SVO): 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语
此句式的特点为谓语动词均为及物动词, 其后必须接一个宾语, 即动作的承受者, 才能表达完整的意思。宾语可以是名词、代词、动名词或不定式、宾语从句等。
【输入经典】
① You will have two options for your future.
你的未来可以有两种选择。
②I have decided not to go to university.
我已经决定不去上大学。
【输出佳句】
①我们的表演需要您的指导。
We need your guidance on our performance.
②中国拥有悠久的历史和丰富的文化。
China enjoys a long history and rich culture.
4. 主谓宾宾(SVOO): 主语+谓语+间宾+直宾
此句式中的谓语动词必须接两个宾语才能表达完整意思, 其中一个是表示人的间接宾语, 另一个是表示物的直接宾语。一般情况下间接宾语在前, 直接宾语在后。
【输入经典】
①Give your friends a hand when they need it.
当朋友需要帮助时, 就伸出你的援手。
②Why did she send me a wrong message?
为什么她给我发错误的信息呢?
【输出佳句】
①她表扬了约翰的提议并给他提供了一些建议。
She praised John for his proposal, and offered him some advice.
②自从我们上高中以来, 他一直教我们英语。
He has been teaching us English since we entered senior high school.
5. 主谓宾补(SVOC): 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
此句式中的谓语动词虽然是及物动词, 但只接一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思, 必须再加一个成分对宾语进行补充说明才能使句子意思完整。宾语补足语可以由名词、动词、形容词、副词、动词-ing、动词不定式或动词的过去分词等充当。
【输入经典】
①Although I was embarrassed, his words made me a lot more relaxed.
尽管我很尴尬, 但是他的话让我放松多了。
②Challenges like this might sometimes put you under pressure.
像这样的挑战有时可能会给你带来压力。
【输出佳句】
①我们决定以优秀同学为榜样, 让我们自己对整个社会更有用。
We are determined to follow the examples of our excellent schoolmates and make ourselves useful to the whole society.
②最后, 那头熊在篱笆上撕了个洞, 把头伸了进来。
At last, the bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in.
6. There be 句型
There be 句型用来表达某处存在某人或某物, 其基本结构是“There be +主语”, 动词be的人称和数要和后面的主语保持一致。
【输入经典】
①There are many similar cities and towns in China. 在中国有许多类似的城镇。
②Is there anything else in particular that you would like to share with us?
还有其他特别的你愿意和我们分享的吗?
【输出佳句】
①在我们周围有许多值得尊重的人。
There are many respectable people around us.
②有一条小河流经这家农场。
There is a small river flowing through the farm.
二、锤炼高级词汇, 力求语言生动
1. 词汇华丽变身: 替换常用简单词
(1)名词变身
机会chance→opportunity
选择choice→alternative
课程course→curriculum
影响effect→influence/impact
后果result→consequence
缺点shortcoming→drawback
方法way→approach
职业job→career/profession
建议advice→guidance
问题problem→issue
老人old people→the elderly/the aged/senior citizens
青少年young people→youngsters/youths/adolescents
几天前a few days ago→the other day
(2)动词变身
看见see→catch sight of
遇见meet→come across
喜欢like→have a passion for/be fond of/have an affection for
引起cause→lead to/result in/give rise to
拥有have→possess
提高develop/improve→promote
替代replace→substitute
注意到notice→spot
完成finish→accomplish
面对face→be faced with/be confronted with
容忍bear→tolerate/put up with
处理deal with→cope with
使某人意识到make sb. realize→raise sb. ’s awareness of
决定decide→determine/make up one’s mind
考虑consider→take into consideration/account
应该should→be supposed to
理解understand→make sense of/figure out
使用use→employ/make use of/take advantage of
道歉apologize→make an apology
记住remember→keep in mind
发生happen→occur/come about
想起think of→occur to/come up with
感谢thank→appreciate
帮助某人help sb. →do sb. a favor
节省save→set aside
参观visit→pay a visit to
分发hand out→distribute
站起来stand up→rise to one’s feet
由……组成be made up of→consist of
习惯于be used to→be accustomed to
一定be sure to do→be bound to do
反对be against→object to
厌烦be bored with→be fed up with
忙于be busy with→be occupied with/be engaged in
闻名be famous for→have a reputation for
感到舒服feel comfortable→feel at ease
美化校园make the school beautiful→beautify the school
想做某事want to do sth. →intend/desire to do sth.
照看look after→attend to
尽力做某事try one’s best to do sth. →spare no effort to do sth.
向某人寻求帮助ask sb. for help→turn to sb. for help
(3)形容词变身
令人惊奇的surprising→amazing/astonishing/shocking
贫穷的poor→needy/poverty/stricken
优秀的excellent→outstanding
明显的obvious→apparent/evident
常见的common→universal
充足的enough→adequate
勤奋的hard-working→diligent
可用的useable→available
困难的difficult→challenging
坚强的strong→tough
重要的important→significant/vital
不可能的impossible→out of the question
有趣的interesting→absorbing→striking/appealing
小心谨慎的careful→cautious
幸运的lucky→fortunate
巨大的large→enormous
合适的proper→appropriate
丰富的rich→abundant
古老的old→ancient
唯一的only→unique
全部的whole→entire
富裕的rich→wealthy
许多的many→a large quantity of
有空的free→available
有益处的be useful→be of benefit
高兴的glad→delighted
激动的excited→thrilled
坏的bad→disgusting/awful
著名的famous→distinguished
(4)其他词类变身
突然suddenly→all of a sudden
立即immediately→in a flash
有时sometimes→occasionally/once in a while/from time to time
另外; 况且besides→in addition/what’s more/moreover
因此so→therefore
第一; 首先first→to begin with/start with
第二; 其次second→in addition/what’s more
最终finally→eventually
关于about→concerning
也too→as well
否则or→otherwise
事实上in fact→as a matter of fact
故意地on purpose→by design/deliberately
总之in a word→to sum up/in conclusion/in summary
因为because of→on account of/due to/owing to/thanks to
【输入经典】
①On the one hand, too much praise might lead to children’s lack of enthusiasmto explore new things, for they are afraid they won’t meet parents’ expectations.
②Considering the enormousbenefits, which we can earn steadilyfrom tennis practice, including preventing us from getting shortsightedand helping us keep physically healthy, we are lost in training course.
【输出佳句】
①The special day allows people to show their love and affection for(对……表达爱和情感) their fathers.
②It’s advisable/wise(是明智的)for people to use their cell-phones more appropriately/properly(更恰当地).
③Without sufficient preparation(没有充分准备), you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly and obtain satisfactory marks, let alone be admitted into a desirable university(梦想的大学).
④Tracy said she had already informed Susan of(通知苏珊) the change of the appointment.
⑤People generally thought it impossible for the Chinese team to win the championship in the Rio Olympic Games, but they overcame many hurdles(克服许多障碍) and eventually worked miracles/wonders(最终创造了奇迹).
⑥Drama Night is scheduled to (预定)be held on the evening of next Friday in the theatre hall.
⑦Additionally(此外), having been awarded scholarship twice in our school, I have excellent academic performance(极好的学术成就).
⑧This phenomenon has become a concern/focus (成为焦点)we must face today because of many serious consequences (许多严重后果)caused by improper use of cell-phones.
2. 变化所用词的词性
在作文中, 可以通过改变一个词的词性, 使文章富有变化, 让阅卷者感受到考生对词汇各种用法的掌握水平和灵活运用的程度。常见的变化词性的策略有名词变动词、动词变名词、形容词变名词等。
(1)名词变动词
People are concerned about the gradual disappearance of the traditional values.
→People are concerned because the traditional values are gradually disappearing.
传统价值观正在渐渐地消亡, 这让人们很担忧。
(2)动词变名词
After watching his performance, I found he could really dance very well.
→After watching his performance, I found him a really good dancer.
看了他的表演之后, 我发现他跳舞跳得很棒。
(3)形容词变名词
I wrote a letter to Tom to thank him for his being so kind.
→I wrote a letter to Tom to thank him for his kindness.
我写信给汤姆对他的善良表示感谢。
3. 善用短语: 富有变化, 引人入胜
汉语高级短语
努力struggle for=strive for=spare no efforts for
从事embark on=set about=go in for
在当代in contemporary society=in present-day society=in this day and age
大量的a host of=a great number of=a large amount of
更糟糕的是what’s worse=worse still=to make matters worse
遇见; 偶遇meet=run into=come across=meet with
依我看in my opinion=as far as I’m concerned=from my point of view
除了……之外(还有)besides=in addition to=apart from=as well as=along with
一方面, 另一方面on one hand, on the other hand=for one thing, for another thing
高度评价think highly of=sing high praise for=think well of
把……考虑在内take. . . into consideration=take. . . into account
有资格的; 有能力的; 胜任的 be fit for=be equal to=be qualified for=be competent in
参加take part in/participate in
一些如何……的建议some advice/tips/suggestions on how to. . .
对……感到紧张feel nervous/anxious about
克服紧张; 缓解焦虑ease/overcome/get over
nervousness/relieve anxiety
树立信心; 对自己有信心 build up confidence/have confidence in yourself/be confident about yourself
对……有益的 be of great benefit=be beneficial to
对……有害的; 对……有损害的 do harm to/do damage to=be harmful to
接触到; 有机会使用gain/have access to=be accessible to
对……(不)方便的be convenient/inconvenient for sb. to do=bring convenience
/inconvenience to sb.
对……有影响/作用have an effect/influence/impact on. . . /make a difference to sb.
【输入经典】
①For example, paper-cutting and Chinese knots are all feasiblemethods of introducing our culture, which are also more convenient to organize.
②The reasons why I am qualified for the job are as follows.
【输出佳句】
①From my point of view(我认为), it’s true that cell-phones bring us lots of benefits and convenience, but only when they’re used more appropriately(恰当地) can they serve us better.
②All my teachers and classmates sing high praise for my proficiency(高度赞扬我的熟练) in both Chinese and English.
③Taking all your requirements into account/consideration(考虑到你的全部要求), I firmly believe I’m the right person you’re looking for.
④As for accommodation, I prefer to live with a local family because I want to improve my English and experience authentic American culture close up(近距离体验真实的美国文化).
⑤You are optimistic about life and always have confidence, whatever difficulty you may encounter(遇见), which helps you stand out among the classmates.
⑥With the improvement of people’s living standards(随着人们生活水平的提高), cell-phones are flooding into our life.
⑦We are sorry for any inconvenience that we’ll bring to you(给您带来的不便). Thanks for your understanding.
⑧Nowadays, the smart phones have found their way to every family and are playing a very important role in our life. They are beneficial to us in many ways. However, they also do harm to us mentally and physically(有害于我们的身心健康).
⑨In addition, seldom do I have time to keep my parents company, so I decide to help my parents with some housework to release/ease/lessen/reduce their pressure(缓解他们的压力), which I think is of benefit to enhancing the relationship(加强关系) between my family members.
三、运用复杂句式, 增添语言内涵
1. 句子形式多样化: 根据表达的需求, 可以采用多种句式, 这样既能恰当表达, 又能避免形式单一
【输入经典】
①They were soheavy that we couldn’t lift them at first. (so. . . that. . . 句型)
②There is no doubt that it is unwise to depend completely on the ratings in consumption. (同位语从句)
【输出佳句】
① In recent years, more and more people start to protect our environment, which makes our environment more and more colorful.
→In recent years, with more and more people starting to protect our environment, our environment is becoming more and more colorful. (with复合结构)
→In recent years, there are so many peoplewho start to protect our environment that our environment is becoming more and more colorful. (there be 句式)
②If you study hard, you will make rapid progress.
→Study hard and you will make rapid progress. (并列句)
2. 使用非谓语动词形式, 句子凝练高端
【输入经典】
①After learning it, I’m sure I’ll have a better understanding of the differences and similarities between Chinese culture and Western culture.
②On arriving at the tea house, the foreign students were impressed by the unique tea pots and tea cups.
【输出佳句】
①She walked out of the lab and many students followed her. (非谓语动词)
→She walked out of the lab, followed by many students.
②They sang and laughed as they went back to school. (非谓语动词)
→They went back to school, singing and laughing.
3. 运用定语从句, 增加细节, 填补内容
【输入经典】
①Material collecting took us a whole week, during which we interviewed our teachers and took pictures of every aspect of school life.
②I am eager to invite you to join our team for the upcoming event, in which you will demonstrate your ability and make acquaintance with more friends with the same interest.
【输出佳句】
①You’d better make full preparations before class and have a brief understanding of the history of Tang Dynasty, which makes it easy for you to go through the class(使你容易通过这门课).
②Besides, there will be a lot of useful and interesting activities, from which you can have a clearer picture of Chinese culture(从中你对中国文化会有更清晰的认识).
③I have found a flat for you on Fangcao Street near Jianxin Chinese school. It is on the third floor with three rooms, one of which is bedroom(其中一个是卧室), and the other two are bathroom and kitchen.
4. 巧用倒装, 增强句子的表现力
【输入经典】
①Not only will our club’s works be displayed, but we also have a valuable set of paper-cutting created by a famous artist of this field.
②Not only did you help improve my English, but you also gave me more confidence in learning.
③Next came the moment when I asked them to have a try themselves.
【输出佳句】
①Though I’m weak, I’ll make the effort. (倒装)
→Weak as/though I am, I’ll make the effort.
②He had no sooner come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad. (倒装)
→No sooner had he come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad.
5. 恰当使用强调句, 增强说服力
【输入经典】
①It isyou who taught me how to learn English well.
② It was on Friday that our activity began.
【输出佳句】
①He did not know what had happened until he had read the news in the newspaper. (强调句)
→It was not untilhe had read the news in the newspaper that he knew what had happened.
②It isworking in teams instead of on my own that has freed me of trouble and made my work more efficient. (强调句)
6. 自如应用各种名词性从句, 精彩纷呈
【输入经典】
①If you are interested in what I have stated above, sign up on our school website before September 1st.
②That’s why I think the trip along the Yangtze River will be a better choice.
【输出佳句】
①To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things. (主语从句)
→What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things.
②I have just found that I have to attend an important meeting that afternoon(我那天下午得参加一个重要会议).
7. with or without精彩点缀, 妙不可言
【输入经典】
①Moreover, with the stadium set up, a wide range of sports events are able to be held, of which ping-pong, football as well as running competitions enjoy great popularity.
②Without any hesitation, we began to work.
【输出佳句】
①As an old saying goes, living without a clear and achievable aim(没有清晰可达到的目标) is like sailing without a compass.
②I can’t thank you enough for your generous help, without which I couldn’t have made such great progress(没有这些帮助我不能获得这么大的进步).
8. 巧用副词, 充分表情达意
【输入经典】
①I am exceedingly delighted to hear from you.
②I genuinely hope that you can squeeze some time for our festival and have fun with us.
【输出佳句】
①She patiently(耐心地) explained all the rules to the students and required everyone to follow them.
②We were perfectly(完全地) satisfied with the result of the experiment.
9. 变主动为被动, 凸显英语思维
【输入经典】
①My father gave me a new book on my birthday.
→I was given a new book (by my father) on my birthday. (间接宾语作主语)
→A new book was given to me (by my father) on my birthday. (直接宾语作主语)
②And some world-famous players will be invited to give lessons.
【输出佳句】
①At most five books can be borrowed(可以被借用) at a time and they can be kept(可以保存) for ten days.
②You are allowed (被允许)about ten minutes to prepare for the work.
10. 语气委婉而中肯, 易于接受
【输入经典】
①If you have further questions, please feel free to let me know.
②I sincerely hope you can set aside some time for the art feast.
【输出佳句】
①I wonder if you could tell me(你能否告诉我) what books I need to read and the requirements of my homework.
②What do you think of it? Are you satisfied with it? If not, please tell me as quickly as possible(请尽快告诉我).
四、精准审题谋篇, 笔下运筹帷幄
(2020·全国Ⅲ卷改编)
假定你是李华, 你和同学根据英语课文改编了一个短剧, 给外教Miss Evans写一封邮件, 请她帮忙指导。邮件内容包括:
1. 剧情简介;
2. 指导内容;
3. 商定时间和地点。
注意: 1. 词数80左右;
2. 结束语已为你写好。
【审题立意·确定中心】
体裁求助信
时态一般现在时和一般将来时
人称I and you
结构三段或四段
要点1. 故事梗概
2. 求助内容
【行云流水·斐然成章】
I’m writing to ask for your help with our English short play adapted from our English textbook.
The story starts with a boy named Huckleberry Finn, who ran away from home and lived with his friend Jim, a former slave, on a raft on the Mississippi River. Then Finn was cheated by two men, with his raft stolen and Jim sold to a farm. Finn and his friend Tom Sawyer made a plan to save Jim from the farm. At last they managed to free Jim.
I wonder if you would like to give us some advice. The vocabulary and grammar of the plot need to be adjusted, and we also need your guidance on our performance. If possible, shall we meet you in your office at 10 a. m. tomorrow?
Looking forward to your early reply. Best regards!
Yours truly,
Li Hua
五、做好起承转合, 行文美不胜收
完成了审题的过程, 有了具体要点和整体布局后, 就要整合信息点, 让庞杂的内容变得富有逻辑性和层次感。在句与句内在衔接的基础上, 做到段落间的起承转合, 使文章有整体性、连贯性。学会正确使用连接词、衔接句, 能为写作助一臂之力。
Ⅰ. 用好连接词
在句与句之间、段与段之间恰当地使用一些承上启下的连接性词语是语言连贯性得以实现的最常用手段。连接性词语归纳如下:
1. 起始关系: to begin with, first of all, as we all know, as is known, as is shown in. . . , according to 等。
As we all know, good learning habits contribute to efficient study.
2. 时间顺序: at the beginning, then, later, finally, at last, in the end, afterwards, since then, after that, immediately, meanwhile等。
At the beginning, I collected all the things scattered in the rooms and put them in place. ThenI wiped the dust off all the furniture. After that, I mopped the floor.
3. 条件关系: if, unless, in case(of), as/so long as, on condition that, provided(that)等。
I would be very grateful if you could meet my uncle at the airport.
4. 转折关系: but, yet, however, while, otherwise, on the contrary, nevertheless等。
However, not until the match was over did we realize that we lost it.
5. 因果关系: because, as, since, for, thanks to, due to, as a result of, so, therefore, as a result/consequence等。
Therefore, there is no reason for us to look down upon ordinary jobs.
6. 并列关系: and, or, as well as, not only. . . but also. . . , either. . . or. . . , not. . . but. . . , neither. . . nor. . . 等。
We will have a good time there and I will send you some photos taken there.
7. 递进关系: besides, what’s more, moreover, furthermore, what’s worse, still less, to make matters worse, worse still, more importantly等。
Many of them can hardly look after themselves, still less manage their own lives.
8. 列举事实: such as, for example/instance, take. . . for example, that is to say, as follows, in other words, on the one hand. . . on the other hand. . . , for one thing. . . for another. . . 等。
On the one hand, I can earn some money by doing it to help my parents; on the other hand, I can gain some experience from it, which will do good to my future life.
9. 表示观点: in my opinion, in my view, from my point of view, as far as I am concerned, as for me, personally等。
As far as I am concerned, they stand for love, friendship and unity.
10. 总结: in short, in brief, in conclusion, in a word, to sum up, all in all, on the whole, in general, generally speaking等。
All in all, traveling is the best choice for us to enrich our lives and get ready for the new challenges.
Ⅱ. 写好衔接句
1. 引出开头
It is well known to us that. . .
我们都知道……
As far as my knowledge is concerned. . .
据我所知……
Recently the problem of. . . has been brought into focus.
=Nowadays there is growing concern over the problem of. . .
最近……问题引起了关注
2. 表达不同观点
People’s views on. . . vary from person to person. Some hold that. . . However, others believe that. . .
People may have different opinions on. . .
人们对……可能会持有不同见解
3. 表示结尾
In short, it can be said that. . .
总之, ……意思是……
From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that. . .
从上面提到的, 我们可以得出结论……
4. 提出建议
It is high time that we put an end to the trend.
该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了。
Only in this way can we. . .
只有这样, 我们才能……。
5. 预示后果
Obviously, if we don’t control the problem, the chances are that. . . will lead us in danger.
6. 表示观点
As far as I am concerned/In my opinion. . .
就我来说……
7. 给出原因或顺序
For one thing, . . . for another thing, . . .
On the one hand, . . . on the other hand. . .
一方面……另一方面……
六、恰当增加细节, 语言魅力动人
根据高考英语作文的评分标准, 作文被分成了五个档次。其中分数较高的档次对于考生作文的要求都涉及了覆盖所有内容要点、使用较多语法结构和词汇、有效使用语句间的连接成分。其中, 一个重要的方面就是在作文中要注意细节的体现。具体方法如下:
1. 列举具体的实例进行补充说明
(1)我们青少年应尽我们所能保护环境、拯救地球。
We teenagers should do what we can to protect the environment and save the earth.
→We teenagers should do what we can to protect the environment and save the earth. For example, we can use recyclable bags instead of plastic bags, refuse to use single-use products, plant more trees and save water and energy.
(2)我要花一些时间和父母在一起。
I’ll spend some time staying with my parents.
→I’ll spend some time staying with my parents, chatting with them and doing some housework.
(3)我想找一个像我一样喜欢旅行的笔友。
I would like to seek a pen pal who is interested in traveling just like me.
→I would like to seek a pen pal who is interested in traveling just like me. If possible, we can travel together or share traveling.
2. 增添与所写信息相关的神态、动作、心理描写以及背景渲染等内容
(1)我有时去村西的小河游泳。
I went swimming in the river in the west of the village now and then.
→I went swimming in the river in the west of the village now and then. The water in the river was very clear. (背景渲染)
→Weather permitting, I went swimming in the river in the west of the village now and then. (相关背景)
(2)我发现了一些不良行为。
I found some bad behavior.
→I found some bad behavior. Some people scribbled on the wall; some played soccer on the lawn and some people threw rubbish everywhere. (相关行为描述)
3. 增加相关信息的时间、地点等内容
(1)我要和父母一起去超市购物。
I’m going to do some shopping with my parents in the supermarket.
→I’m going to do some shopping with my parents in the supermarket and won’t be back until about 5: 00 in the afternoon. (增加时间)
(2)我已经带来了你让我归还的这两本书。
I have taken with me the two books you asked me to return.
→I have taken with me the two books you asked me to return to the City Library. (增加地点)
4. 适当增加与所给信息相关的原因、结果、条件、让步、手段、目的、地点等内容
(1)假设你是李华, 你的英国笔友Henry最近来信询问你高考后的暑假安排。请根据下面要点写一封回信, 说明你的计划, 并简述理由。
要点: 1. 休息; 2. 读书; 3. 参加社会活动。
①I need a good rest. I’ll do some reading.
→I need a good rest because I do feel tired after the hard work of all these years. Of course, I’ll do some reading for fun, and for knowledge as well. (因果关系)
②I’ll take part in some social activities.
→If I have free time, I’ll take part in some social activities. (条件状语)
→If possible, I’ll take part in some social activities. (条件状语)
→If possible, I’ll take part in some social activities so that/in order that I can know more about society. (结果状语)
(2)Tracy来电话说和你在咖啡屋(Bolton Coffee)的见面取消。
Tracy called, saying that she couldn’t meet you at Bolton Coffee.
→Tracy called, saying that she couldn’t meet you at Bolton Coffee as she had something important to do. (原因状语)
5. 结尾适当发挥, 写出个人感受、评价、希望、愿景、倡议等
(1)Tired as I was this summer holiday, I felt very happy for what I did. (个人感受)
(2)As far as I’m concerned, such activities are necessary and meaningful. (评价)
(3)In a word, if she would like to learn Chinese, I hope she will do it well. (愿景)
(4)As students, it’s our duty to protect our school environment and make it clean. (倡议)
【检测训练】
1．假定你是李华，你校原定于本周三举办的排球比赛延期，请告知你的国际班朋友Henry，内容包括：
1.写信目的；
2.说明延期原因；
3.更改后的时间。
注意：1.词数100左右;
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Henry,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Henry,
I'm writing to say that the volleyball match sponsored by our school, which will initially be held this Wednesday, has been rescheduled. The match has to be put off as the local government leaders will visit our school that day together with a student delegation from Russia. I hope the change will not cause you too much inconvenience.
After a meeting of class monitors of our school, we have decided the volleyball match will be held next Friday afternoon. The match is planned to last about three hours starting from one o’clock on Friday afternoon.
If it's convenient, shall we meet at 6:30 tomorrow afternoon at the local stadium to practice for the match?
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【写作分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给国际班朋友Henry写封信，告知他你校原定于本周三举办的排球比赛延期。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
最初：originally→initially
推迟：postpone→put off
计划：be intended to→be planned to
连同：along with→together with
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：After a meeting of class monitors of our school, we have decided the volleyball match will be held next Friday afternoon. The match is planned to last about three hours starting from one o’clock on Friday afternoon.
拓展句：After a meeting of class monitors of our school, we have decided the volleyball match will be held next Friday afternoon, which is planned to last about three hours starting from one o’clock on Friday afternoon.
2．假定你是李华，你校收到美国友好学校学生会主席John的邮件，希望能捐赠一批中国传统文化书籍，供对此感兴趣的同学阅读。请代表学校给他回一封邮件，内容包括：
1.自我介绍；
2.捐赠图书的具体信息；
3.询问对方的收件地址和联系信息。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear John,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear John,
I am Li Hua, chairman of the Students’ Union in Hongxing High School. On behalf of our school, I am writing to inform you that we are more than glad to donate to your school some books on Chinese traditional culture.
After discussion, we intend to donate approximately two hundred books, whose topics vary from Chinese ancient philosophy, Chinese traditional painting and calligraphy to Chinese classical literature. We will wrap them in a big parcel and directly post to your school. So I hope you can offer me the accurate address of your school as well as the name of the person in charge of receiving the parcel.
Looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.
Yours,
Li Hua
【写作分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，假定考生是李华，考生所在校收到美国友好学校学生会主席John的邮件，希望能受捐一批中国传统文化书籍，供对此感兴趣的同学阅读。请代表学校给他回一封邮件。
【详解】
1. 词汇积累
告知：tell→inform
高兴的：pleased→glad
希望：wish→hope
提供某人某物： provide sb. with sth.=offer sb. sth.
2. 句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：We will wrap them in a big parcel and directly post to your school
拓展句：We will wrap them in a big parcel, directly posting to your school.
3．假如你是李华，你的英国朋友Leo发邮件说他即将到北京的一所大学做交换生一年，目前有一些困惑，想向你寻求一些建议。请你写一篇短文给他回复，内容包括：
1.如何克服语言障碍；
2.如何适应新环境（文化差异、学习压力等）；
3.祝福对方。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出。不计入总词数；
3.请按如下格式在答题卡上的相应位置作答。
Dear Leo,
I'm more than delighted to hear that you will study at a Chinese university as an ex-change student.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Leo,
I'm more than delighted to hear that you will study at a Chinese university as an exchange student. After learning that you are confused about how to adapt to the new environment, I'm writing to give you some tips.
Face-to-face interaction with native speakers can help you overcome language and cultural barriers. To attain a high level of fluency and accuracy in a foreign language, why not make friends with native speakers and spend time with them? It is a good way to exchange language and culture. You'd better listen to Chinese songs as well as watch Chinese movies or TV shows in your daily life to ensure that you are exposed to the language environment all the time.
All beginnings are hard. I advise you to be tolerant and considerate of others, which is necessary for group living. It might be a good idea to take part in more activities, which usually involve teamwork and communication with other students. Fight against homesickness and form a good habit of self-learning and independence, which are good for developing friendly relationships.
I do hope that my suggestions are beneficial to you. May you enjoy a wonderful college life in China and best wishes to you.
Yours,
Li Hua
【写作分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一篇短文给你的英国朋友Leo，解答他对于即将到北京的一所大学做交换生一年的一些困惑并给出一些建议。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
高兴的：happy →delighted
适应：adjust to →adapt to
建议：advice →tips
得到：get = attain
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Face-to-face interaction with native speakers can help you overcome language and cultural barriers.
拓展句：It is face-to-face interaction with native speakers that can help you overcome language and cultural barriers.
4．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一-篇完整的短文。
My parents love the saying “If at first you don't succeed, try, try again" so much that they even bought a pillow with those words on it. But I was recently in a situation where I was SO ready to give up.
It started last week when my friend Ollie and I were helping his grandmother Mary to carry boxes from her garage to her car for the homeless shelter rummage sale (义卖).
At the sight of a big old trunk (行李箱)，we asked Mary what was inside. But she told us that as she had lost the key, she had to find a master locksmith to figure it out. "Let me have a try!" said Ollie. “I bet I can open that lock in two minutes flat! Maybe there's a treasure inside, like gold or diamonds or an ancient map!"
Mary smiled. "I'll tell you what. If you two treasure hunters can open this trunk, you can have it, along with whatever is inside."
Ollie got a tool kit and we set out to open the lock. But he definitely lost that bet. Those two minutes turned into two hours, with no luck at all. We had tried every tool in the kit, but the lock wouldn't move slightly.
“It's no use." Ollie sighed. "I guess we have to give up."
“But we can't give up!" I said. "What about 'If at first you don't succeed, try, try again"?"
Ollie shook his head. "Unless you know a magical key fairy, we're never getting this unlocked."
Just then, my little brother Tex showed up. He showed great interest in the trunk. "It looks like an upside-down boat! Can I turn it over and pretend I'm sailing in the ocean?"
"Sure," Ollie replied. "It's no good for anything else."
“Ahoy!" Tex said, climbing on top after Ollie and I turned it over. “I’m the captain!” He giggled as he jumped up and down. And right then, a screw (螺丝) from a hinge (铰链) came loose and rolled to the floor.
注意:
1.续写词数应为150左右:
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
“That's it! I know how to open it!" said Ollie.
________________________________________________________________________________
Oh! There were only lots of shoes in the trunk!
【参考范文】
“That’s it! I know how to open it!” said Ollie. “These are regular screws. We could remove the screws so that the hinge can be taken off from the trunk!” he exclaimed with a radiant smile. Just now, we were so focused on the lock that we didn’t try to open the trunk another way. Then we asked Tex to jump off the trunk, and turned it upright. Ollie immediately took out a screwdriver from the tool kit. In two minutes flat, he opened the trunk with my assistance. (79 words)
Oh! There were only lots of shoes in the trunk! Ollie and I were pretty disappointed at the discovery, which wasn’t diamonds or gold. Seeing our frustration, Mary patted us on the shoulder, saying, “These shoes are in such great shape that we can raise money by selling them at the rummage sale.” Our faces lit up and a sense of achievement crept over us. We found “treasure” after all! Our persistence finally paid off! If at first you don’t succeed, try, try again. (73 words)
【写作分析】
本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者和奥利得到了一个箱子，他的祖母玛丽说如果他们能打开箱子，就能得到它，可是他们用尽了办法也打不开，后来作者的弟弟特克斯出现了，他拿着箱跳上跳下，就在这时，一个铰链上的螺丝松了，滚到了地板上。
【详解】
1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“就是这样!我知道怎么打开它!”奥利说”可知，第一段可描写他们怎么打开箱子。
②由第二段首句内容“哦!箱子里只有很多鞋子!”可知，第二段可描写作者他们看到箱子里的东西后的反应。
2.续写线索：取下铰链——打开箱子——失望——安慰——有成就感
3.词汇激活
行为类
①取下：remove/take down
②打开：open/unfold
③拍肩膀：pat sb. on the shoulder/tab sb on the shoulder
情绪类
①失望：disappointed/despondent
②有成就感：a sense of achievement creep over us/have a sense of achievement
5．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Life doesn't always turn out the way we'd like. When situations take an unfriendly turn, we become angry. When others don't agree with us, or act in a manner we find disturbing, anger is a typical reaction. It seems that we feel anger gives us the momentary feeling of power. However, in fact, with the exception of a few cases, an angry reaction rarely improves the situation. It only makes the situation worse. So consider the following alternatives to anger.
One is understanding. If we view an individual whose behavior we find unacceptable, we should think each person has a right to live life according to their beliefs, dreams, needs and so on. Even if people are acting inappropriately, you should understand them. If they are struggling, lost, or in pain, you should choose to feel sorry for their suffering. If you do so, your anger will disappear.
Humor is another powerful tool for stopping anger because it can help you stay calm when things get bad. Sometimes we take life far too seriously. That is bad for us and anger is easy to happen. We need to use humor to turn any serious situation into a light one. Humor acts as a protective shelter from emotional pain.
Therefore, when others behave improperly, find it in your heart to forgive them for their unwise behavior. When life hands you the exact opposite of what you want, take no notice of it. After all, the bad situation is only temporary. So choose these alternative reactions to soften our heart and prevent anger from happening so that we can enjoy our life to the fullest.
【参考范文】
Anger doesn't solve all the problems in our daily life. So we'd better adopt some ways to deal with it. Understanding is a good way which can weaken our anger. Moreover, as a useful method, humor changes a serious situation to a relaxing one. In a word, it is of great importance for us to know how to get rid of anger and live a happy life.
【写作分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，愤怒并不能解决我们日常生活中的所有问题。所以我们最好采取一些方法来处理它。理解是一种很好的方式可以减弱我们的愤怒。此外，幽默是一种有用的方法，它能使严肃的气氛变得轻松。总之，对我们来说，知道如何摆脱愤怒，过上幸福的生活是很重要的。
【详解】
1.要点摘录
①However, in fact, with the exception of a few cases, an angry reaction rarely improves the situation. It only makes the situation worse. So consider the following alternatives to anger.
②One is understanding. If you do so, your anger will disappear.
③We need to use humor to turn any serious situation into a light one.
④So choose these alternative reactions to soften our heart and prevent anger from happening so that we can enjoy our life to the fullest.
2.缜密构思：将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
Anger doesn't solve all the problems in our daily life. So we'd better adopt some ways to deal with it.
Understanding is a good way which can weaken our anger.
Moreover, as a useful method, humor changes a serious situation to a relaxing one.
In a word, it is of great importance for us to know how to get rid of anger and live a happy life.
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