ROS(1)话题模型

 话题模型

发布者

实现发布者

初始化ROS节点 

ros::init(argc,argv, 名称)

向ROS Master注册节点信息,包括发布的话题名和话题中消息类型

ros::Publisher publisher = n.advertise<消息类型>(话题名, 消息队列 10);

按照一定频率循环发布消息

xx.publish(消息);

C++代码编辑编辑完成后

配置CMakeLists.txt

add_executable(可执行文件名 src/xxx.cpp)  设置编译的代码和生成可执行文件

target_link_libraries(可执行文件名 ${catkin_LIBRARIES})  设置链接库

编译

catkin_make

设置环境变量

source devel/setup.bash

运行

roscore

rosrun turtlesim turtlesim_node

rosrun 功能包名 节点名(即上方可执行文件名)

C++实现发布者

注意:运行前需要先编译、设置环境变量和运行

***直接输入rosrun 功能包名 节点执行名方式

 gedit ~/.bashrc

在.bashrc文件的最下方,输入source ~/catkin_ws/devel/setup.bash

重启终端,运行rosrun ...

velocity_publisher.cpp 

// 构建发布者,发布话题turtle1/cmd_vel,消息类型为geometry_msgs::Twist

#include 
#include 

/**
 * 初始化ROS节点
 * 向ROS Master注册节点信息,包括发布的话题名和话题的消息类型
 * 创建消息数据
 * 按照一定频率循环发布消息
*/

int main(int argc, char**argv)
{
    // ROS初始化节点
    ros::init(argc, argv, "velocity_publisher");

    // 创建节点句柄
    ros::NodeHandle n;

    // 创建Publisher,发布topic为/turtle1/cmd_vel,消息类型为geometry_msgs::Twist,队列长度为10
    ros::Publisher turtle_vel_pub = n.advertise("/turtle1/cmd_vel", 10);

    // 设置循环频率
    ros::Rate loop_rate(10);

    int count = 0;
    while(ros::ok)
    {
        // 初始化geometry_msgs::Twist类型的消息
        geometry_msgs::Twist vel_msg;
        // 线速度为0.5
        vel_msg.linear.x = 0.5;
        // 沿z轴的角速度为0.2
        vel_msg.angular.z = 0.2;

        // 发布消息
        turtle_vel_pub.publish(vel_msg);
        ROS_INFO("Publish turtle velocity command[%0.2f m/s, %0.2f rad/s]", vel_msg.linear.x, vel_msg.angular.z);

        // 按照循环频率延时
        loop_rate.sleep();
    }

    return 0;
}

python实现发布者

注意***:需要检查python文件属性是否是可执行

安装python3

sudo apt-get install python3

通过软连接,将python链接到python3,链接一次即可

sudo ln -s /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python

chmod 更改或分配文件和目录的权限  +为增加权限

定位到workspace/src/功能包/scripts/

chmod +x xxx.py

python脚本上方添加

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

velocity_publisher.py 

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import rospy
from geometry_msgs.msg import Twist

def velocity_publisher():
    print("查看是否启动")
    # ROS节点初始化
    rospy.init_node('velocity_publisher', anonymous=True)
    
    # 创建Publisher,发布topic /turtle1/cmd_vel,消息类型为geometry_msg::Twist,队列长度为10
    turtle_vel_pub = rospy.Publisher('/turtle1/cmd_vel', Twist, queue_size=10)
    
    # 设置循环的频率
    rate = rospy.Rate(10)
    
    while not rospy.is_shutdown():  // ***注意此有()
        # 初始化geometry_msgs::Twist类型的消息
        vel_msg = Twist()
        vel_msg.linear.x = 0.5
        vel_msg.angular.z = 0.3
        
        # 发布消息
        turtle_vel_pub.publish(vel_msg)
        rospy.loginfo("Publisher turtle velocity command [%0.2f m/s, %0.2f rad/s]", vel_msg.linear.x, vel_msg.angular.z)
        
        # 按照循环频率延时
        rate.sleep()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    try:
        velocity_publisher()
    except rospy.ROSInterruptException:
        print("发布出现问题,中断错误")

订阅者

初始化ROS节点

创建订阅者,订阅话题,注册回调函数

循环等待回调函数

回调函数在接收到订阅消息后执行

C++实现订阅者

pose_subscriber.cpp 

/*
订阅/turtle1/pose话题,消息类型为turtlesim::pose
*/

#include 
#include "turtlesim/Pose.h"

// 接收到订阅消息,进入消息回调函数
void poseCallback(const turtlesim::Pose::ConstPtr & msg)
{
    // 打印消息
    ROS_INFO("Turtle pose: x:%0.6f, y:%0.6f", msg->x, msg->y);
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    // 初始化ROS节点
    ros::init(argc, argv, "pose_subscriber");

    // 创建节点句柄
    ros::NodeHandle n;

    // 创建subscriber,订阅topic /turtle1/pose,注册回调函数
    ros::Subscriber pose_sub = n.subscribe("/turtle1/pose", 10, poseCallback);

    // 循环等待回调函数
    ros::spin();

    return 0;
}

python实现订阅者

pose_subscriber.py 

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import rospy
from turtlesim.msg import Pose


def pose_Callback(msg):
    rospy.loginfo("Turtle pose: x: %0.6f, y: %0.6f", msg.x, msg.y)


def pose_subscribe():
    # 初始化ROS节点
    rospy.init_node('pose_subscriber', anonymous=True)
    # 定义发布者
    rospy.Subscriber("/turtle1/pose", Pose, pose_Callback)
    # 循环等待回调函数
    rospy.spin()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    pose_subscribe()
    

自定义话题发布者和订阅者

步骤:

1、定义msg文件

2、package.xml中添加功能包依赖

3、在CMakeList.txt中添加编译选项

        find_package(catkin REQUIRED roscpp rospy std_msgs geometry_msgs message_generation)

        add_message_files(FILES Person.msg)

        generate_message(DEPENDENCIES std_msgs geometry_msgs) 

        catkin_package(... CATKIN_DEPENDS message_runtime geometry_msgs roscpp rospy std_msgs)

        include_directories(include  ${catkin_INCLUDE_DIRS})

      在package.xml中添加

          catkin
          geometry_msgs
          roscpp
          rospy
          std_msgs
          message_generation
          message_runtime

          geometry_msgs
          roscpp
          rospy
          std_msgs
          message_generation
          message_runtime

          geometry_msgs
          roscpp
          rospy
          std_msgs
          message_generation
          message_runtime

4、编译 catkin_make

5、创建自定义话题发布者、订阅者代码

      CMakeList.txt中

        add_execte(执行节点名 xxx.cpp)

        target_link_liberaries(执行节点名 ${catkin_LIBRARIES})

        add_dependencies(执行节点名 ${PROJECT_NAME}_generate_messages_cpp})

6、编译 catkin_make

创建msg文件

touch Person.msg

注意:如果没有引入Person.h头文件,则需要在VSCode的C/C++编辑中,增加xxx/catkin_ws/**

 Person_Publisher.cpp

#include 
#include "learning_topic/Person.h"

int main(int argc, char**argv)
{
    // 初始化节点
    ros::init(argc, argv, "person_publisher");

    // 创建节点句柄
    ros::NodeHandle n;

    // 创建发布者,发布topic名为person_info,类型为Person,队列长度为10
    ros::Publisher person_info_pub = n.advertise("/person_info", 10);

    // 设置循环频率
    ros::Rate loop_rate(10);

    int count = 0;
    while (ros::ok)
    {
        // 初始化learning_topic::Person类型消息
        learning_topic::Person person_msg;
        person_msg.name = "Tom";
        person_msg.age = 18;
        person_msg.sex = learning_topic::Person::male;

        // 发布消息
        person_info_pub.publish(person_msg);

        ROS_INFO("publish Person Info-- name:%s age:%d sex:%d", person_msg.name.c_str(), person_msg.age, person_msg.sex);

        // 按照循环频率延时
        loop_rate.sleep();
    }

    return 0;
}

Person_subscriber.cpp

#include 
#include "learning_topic/Person.h"

void personInfoCallBack(const learning_topic::Person::ConstPtr& msg)
{
    // 接收订阅消息后进入回调函数,打印接收到的消息
    ROS_INFO("Subscribe Person Info: name %s  age %d  sex %d", msg->name.c_str(), msg->age, msg->sex);
}

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    // 初始化ROS节点
    ros::init(argc, argv, "person_subscriber");

    // 构建节点句柄
    ros::NodeHandle n;

    // 构建订阅者,订阅topic为/person_info,消息队列为10
    ros::Subscriber person_info_sub = n.subscribe("/person_info", 10, personInfoCallBack);

    // 循环等待回调函数
    ros::spin();

    return 0;
}

python代码

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import rospy
from learning_topic.msg import Person


def info_publisher():
    # 初始化ROS节点
    rospy.init_node('person_publisher', anonymous=True)
    
    # 构建Publisher,topic为 /person_info,类型为Person,队列大小为10
    person_info_pub = rospy.Publisher("/person_info", Person, queue_size=10)
    
    # 设置循环频率
    rate = rospy.Rate(10)
    
    while not rospy.is_shutdown():
        # 初始化learning_topic功能包中Person类型消息
        person_msg = Person()
        person_msg.name = 'Tom'
        person_msg.age = 10
        person_msg.sex = Person.male
        
        # 发布消息
        person_info_pub.publish(person_msg)
        rospy.loginfo("Publish person message [%s, %d, %d]", person_msg.name, person_msg.age, person_msg.sex)
        
        # 按照循环频率延时
        rate.sleep()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    try:
        info_publisher()
    except rospy.ROSInterruptException:
        print("执行错误,中断运行")
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import rospy
from learning_topic.msg import Person


def personInfoCallBack(msg):
    # 收到消息,显示数据
    rospy.loginfo("Person subscribe get name:%s age:%d sex:%d]", msg.name, msg.age, msg.sex)


def person_subscribe():
    # 初始化节点
    rospy.init_node('person_subscriber', anonymous=True)
    
    # 构建订阅者,订阅topic /person_info,消息类型为Person
    rospy.Subscriber("/person_info", Person, personInfoCallBack)
    
    # 循环等待回调函数
    rospy.spin()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    person_subscribe()

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