Centos 磁盘挂载

1、查看当前未挂载的硬盘fdisk -l或lsblk

• 方式1：fdisk -l

>  fdisk -l

Disk /dev/xvda: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 65270 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00055d89

    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/xvda1   *           1          66      524288   83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/xvda2              66       13120   104857600   83  Linux
/dev/xvda3           13120       26174   104857600   83  Linux
/dev/xvda4           26174       65271   314047488    5  Extended
/dev/xvda5           26174       30091    31457280   83  Linux
/dev/xvda6           30091       32702    20971520   82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/xvda7           32702       35313    20971520   83  Linux
/dev/xvda8           35313       36618    10485760   83  Linux
/dev/xvda9           36618       65271   230156256+  83  Linux

Disk /dev/xvde: 2147.5 GB, 2147483648000 bytes   #这里是未挂载的磁盘
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261083 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

• 方式2：lsblk

> lsblk
NAME    MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
xvda    202:0    0  500G  0 disk 
├─xvda1 202:1    0  512M  0 part /boot
├─xvda2 202:2    0  100G  0 part /
├─xvda3 202:3    0  100G  0 part /home
├─xvda4 202:4    0    1K  0 part 
├─xvda5 202:5    0   30G  0 part /tmp
├─xvda6 202:6    0   20G  0 part [SWAP]
├─xvda7 202:7    0   20G  0 part /var
└─xvda8 202:8    0   10G  0 part /usr
sr0      11:0    1 1024M  0 rom  
xvde    202:64   0    2T  0 disk 

• 磁盘分区

> fdisk /dev/sdb

根据提示，依次输入"n"，"p" "1"，两次回车，"wq"，分区就开始了，很快就会完成。

2、格式化硬盘mkfs.ext4 /dev/xvde

> mkfs.ext4 /dev/xvde
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
文件系统标签=
操作系统:Linux
块大小=4096 (log=2)
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
131072000 inodes, 524288000 blocks
26214400 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
16000 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
        4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968, 
        102400000, 214990848, 512000000

正在写入inode表: 完成                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 31 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

3、建立挂载目录

• 创建需要挂载的目录：/data

> mkdir /data

4、挂载硬盘

> mount /dev/xvde /data

5、设置开机自动挂载

> vi /etc/fstab

• 在vi中输入i进入INERT模式，将光标移至文件结尾处并回车，将下面的内容复制/粘贴，然后按Esc键，输入:wq保存并退出

/dev/sdb /data ext4 defaults 0 0

*如图

image.png

6、查看磁盘是否挂载成功df -h

> df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/xvda2       99G   91G  3.0G  97% /
tmpfs            16G   72K   16G   1% /dev/shm
/dev/xvda1      488M   57M  406M  13% /boot
/dev/xvda3       99G   24G   71G  25% /home
/dev/xvda5       30G   44M   28G   1% /tmp
/dev/xvda8      9.8G  3.7G  5.6G  40% /usr
/dev/xvda7       20G  314M   19G   2% /var
/dev/xvde       2.0T   71M  1.9T   1% /home/root

7、新建磁盘创建分区

查看剩余

[root@localhost ~]$ lsblk
NAME            MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda               8:0    0  300G  0 disk 
├─sda1            8:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
└─sda2            8:2    0   99G  0 part 
  ├─centos-root 253:0    0   50G  0 lvm  /
  ├─centos-swap 253:1    0  7.9G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
  └─centos-home 253:2    0 41.1G  0 lvm  /home
sr0              11:0    1 1024M  0 rom  

sudo cfdisk /dev/sda

• 创建分区 - 回车

  
  
  创建分区

• 选择主分区 - 回车

  
  
  选择主分区

• 选择大小 - 回车

  
  
  磁盘大小
• 写入 - 回车
  
  写入分区
  
  如果写入失败执行：sudo partx -a /dev/sda3 /dev/sda

sudo partx -a /dev/sda3 /dev/sda

/dev/sda3 分区名称
/dev/sda 磁盘驱动器

取消挂载

• 安装psmisc

yum install psmisc -y

• 取消目录占用

fuser -k /file1
fuser -k /dev/sdb1

取消挂载点

umount /file1
umount /dev/sdb1

删除/dev/sdb所有分区

fdisk /dev/sdb
Command (m for help): p(查看当前分区状态)
Command (m for help): d(删除分区)
Partition number (1-2): 1(选择要删除的分区)
Command (m for help): d(删除分区)
Partition number (1-2): 2(选择要删除的分区)
Command (m for help): p(查看当前分区状态)
Command (m for help): w(回车保存新的分区)

Archlinux磁盘挂载

lsblk -l

• 结果

NAME      MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda         8:0    0   1.8T  0 disk /data
sdb         8:16   0   1.8T  0 disk
sdb1        8:17   0   1.8T  0 part
sdc         8:32   0   1.8T  0 disk
sdd         8:48   0   1.8T  0 disk
sde         8:64   1     0B  0 disk
sr0        11:0    1  1024M  0 rom
nvme0n1   259:0    0 476.9G  0 disk
nvme0n1p1 259:1    0   550M  0 part /boot
nvme0n1p2 259:2    0   100G  0 part /
nvme0n1p3 259:3    0 376.4G  0 part /home

• 创建挂载的目录

cd /data
mkdir dev2

• 分区格式化

sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb
sudo mount /dev/sdb /data/dev2

• 添加开机启动

sudo nano /etc/fstab

• 添加内容到/etc/fstab结尾

/dev/sdb /data ext4 defaults 0 0