India's Covid-19

India's Covid-19 catastrophe could make global shortages even worse

印度的新冠疫情灾难或将加剧全球供应短缺问题


A terrifying and record-breaking wave of Covid-19 in India threatens to stall the country's economic recovery and send shockwaves through several important global industries.

新冠肺炎在印度掀起了一阵可怕的、有史以来最严重的疫情浪潮,这威胁到了印度经济复苏的进展,同时震动了全球几个重要的产业。

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Supply chains

供应链

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About 80% of world goods trade by volume is carried on ships, and India provides many of their crews.

全球大约 80% 的贸易货运量都是通过航运实现的,其中许多海员都来自印度。

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More than 200,000 of an estimated 1.7 million seafarers globally are from India, according to Guy Platten, the Secretary General at the International Chamber of Shipping. Many of them have officer ranks and roles requiring important skills, he added.

国际航运公会秘书长盖·普拉滕(音)说,在全球大约 170 万名海员中,超过 20 万来自印度。这些印度海员中,许多人都具有高级别职务,并出任了需要重要技能的岗位。

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"We hope to goodness" this situation can be resolved, Platten told CNN Business. Otherwise it could lead to a big "shortage of seafarers," which would "disrupt the global supply chain," he added.

普拉滕告诉 CNN 商业频道说,“但愿”疫情能够被控制住,否则这将导致“海员大量短缺,从而扰乱全球供应链”。

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Vaccines and other pharmaceuticals

疫苗及其他药物

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The world's vaccination drive is already suffering because of the outbreak in India, which typically produces more than 60% of all vaccines sold globally.

由于印度疫情暴发,全球疫苗接种运动受到了影响。全球在售疫苗中,通常有超过 60% 的疫苗由印度生产。

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There could be other consequences for the worldwide pharmaceutical industry.

对于全球制药业来说,(印度疫情)可能还会带来其他后果。

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India is the world's largest supplier of generic drugs — copies of brand-name pharmaceuticals that have the same effects but cost less. In the United States, 90% of all prescriptions are filled by generic drugs and one in every three pills consumed is produced by an Indian generics manufacturer, according to an April 2020 study.

印度是全球最大的仿制药供应国。仿制药是原研药的仿制品,药效相同,但仿制药更加便宜。据 2020 年 4 月的一项研究统计,美国医生开出的药中有 90% 都是仿制药,其中三分之一的药丸出自印度的仿制药厂。

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Financial services

金融服务

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Many companies have outsourced a huge number of information technology and operations jobs to India, attracted by an educated workforce and cheaper labor costs.

印度的劳动力受过良好教育且成本较低,不少公司受此吸引,外包了大量信息技术和运营岗位给印度。

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Some companies are taking some measures to address the crisis, include shifting work to other countries, encouraging staff to work from home and extending project deadlines.

一些企业已经采取措施来应对此次危机,例如把相关工作转移到其他国家,鼓励员工在家办公,或者延后各项目的截止期限。

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主编:木子

品控:木子

审核:Felicity

重点词汇

catastrophe

/kəˈtæs.trə.fi/

n. 大灾难,大灾祸

同义词:disaster

搭配短语:an ecological catastrophe

搭配短语:a humanitarian catastrophe

stall

/stɑːl/

v. 停止进展;拖延

词义辨析:stall, procrastinate

stall 表示“拖延”时,目的是为了赢得时间;而 procrastinate 表示“拖延”时,指搁置正事,先做一些无关紧要的事。此外,stall 还可以表示“停止进展”,所造成的后果比 procrastinate 严重。

英文释义:to stop making progress(停止进展)

shockwave

/ˈʃɑːk ˌweɪv/

n. 冲击;冲击波

搭配短语:to send shockwaves through sth.

例句:The news sent shockwaves through the stock market.

crew

/kruː/

n.(尤指)全体船员,全体机组人员

词义辨析:crew, staff

crew 指轮船、飞机等上面的全体工作人员,而 staff 指全体职工、雇员,一般不含轮船、飞机等上面的工作人员。相同点在于,两者均表示一个集体而非个人。

搭配短语:cabin crew(飞机上的全体乘务员)

搭配短语:medical staff(全体医务人员)

搭配短语:teaching staff(全体教师)

estimated

/ˈes.tə.meɪ.tɪd/

adj. 估计的,估算的

补充:文中使用的「an + estimated + 数字」是常见搭配。

例句:The project will cost an estimated 4 million dollars. = The estimated cost for the project would be 4 million dollars.

seafarer

/ˈsiːˌfer.ɚ/

n. 水手,海员

同义词:sailor

Secretary General

/ˌsek.rə.ter.i ˈdʒen.ɚ.əl/

n. 秘书长,总干事

搭配短语:the UN Secretary General(联合国秘书长)

相关词汇:Attorney General(总检察长)

补充:头衔中的 General 表示组织中的总管职位,对应中文里的“总……”或“……长”。此类表示头衔的英文在变为复数形式时,复数标记一般加在 General 前面的单词尾部,如 Secretaries General,Attorneys General。

pharmaceutical

/ˌfɑːr.məˈsuː.t̬ɪ.kəl/

n. 药品,药物,药剂

前缀:pharmaco-(表示“与药品、医药相关的”)

派生词:pharmacy(n. 药店,药房)

派生词:pharmacist(n. 药剂师)

词性拓展:pharmaceutical(adj. 制药的)

搭配短语:the pharmaceutical industry(制药业)

英文释义:a medicine

drive

/draɪv/

n. 有计划的努力;运动

英文释义:an organized effort by a number of people to achieve a particular purpose

搭配短语:a recruitment drive for new members(招募新成员的活动)

搭配短语:a nationwide drive to crack down on crime(打击犯罪的全国性运动)

prescription

/prɪˈskrɪp.ʃən/

n. 处方上开的药;处方,药方

搭配短语:prescription drugs(处方药)

outsource

/ˈaʊt.sɔːrs/

v. 外包;(将……)交外办理

相关词汇:out(“在外面”);source(“资源”)

例句:Why you may want to outsource strategic roles — and how to do so effectively

address

/əˈdres/

v. 应对;处理

词义辨析:address, deal with, tackle

三者均可表示“处理”。deal with 是普通短语,有一定的延续性,问题不一定能够解决;tackle 所指向的问题更棘手,动作发出者要解决问题的决心更加强烈;而 address 表示设法了解问题、刚开始着手解决问题,是解决问题的早期阶段。

搭配短语:to tackle domestic violence(解决家暴问题)

例句:The government needs to address the problem of traffic pollution.(政府要设法解决交通污染问题。)

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