Windows路径操作API函数学习

前言

　　在VC++开发过程中，经常需要用到一些路径操作，比如拼需要的文件路径，搜索路径中的内容等等。Windows提供了一套关于路径操作的API帮助我们更好的执行这些操作。

路径截断与合并API

PathRemoveArgs   　　　　　　去除路径后面的参数

PathRemoveBackslash*　　　　去除路径最后的反斜杠“\”

PathAddBackslash*　　　　　　在路径最后加上反斜杠“\”

PathRemoveBlanks*　　　　　  去除路径前后的空格

PathAddExtension*　　　　　　在文件路径后面加上扩展名

PathRemoveExtension*　　　　去除文件路径扩展名

PathRenameExtension*　　　　更改文件路径扩展名

PathRemoveFileSpec*　　　　  去除文件名，得到目录

PathUnquoteSpaces*　　　　　去除路径中的首尾开始的引号

PathQuoteSpaces　　　　　　　判断路径中是否有空格，有就是用双引号把整个路径包起来

PathAppend　　　　　　　　     将一个路径追加到另一个路径后面

PathCombine　　　　　　　　   合并两个路径

PathSkipRoot　　　　　　　　   去掉路径中的磁盘符或UNC部分

PathStripPath　　　　　　　　　去掉路径中的目录部分，得到文件名

PathStripToRoot　　　　　　　 去掉路径的文件部分，得到根目录

PathCompactPath*　　　　　　根据像素值生成符合长度的路径

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　如原始路径：                 C:\path1\path2\sample.txt

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　根据120像素截断后为：   C:\pat...\sample.txt

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　根据25像素截断后为:      ...\sample.txt

PathCompactPathEx*　　　　  根据字符个数来生成符合长度的路径

PathSetDlgItemPath　　　　   将路径数据设置到对话框的子控件上

PathUndecorate　　　　　　　 去除路径中的修饰

PathUnExpandEnvStrings       将路径中部分数据替换为系统环境变量格式

 

路径查找比较API

PathFindOnPath　　　　　　　　从路径中查找路径

PathFindExtension*　　　　　　查找路径的扩展名

PathFindFileName*　　　　　　 获取路径的文件名

PathFindNextComponent　　　  查找匹配路径，除去盘符之外

PathFindSuffixArray　　　　　　查找给定的文件名是否有给定的后缀

PathGetArgs　　　　　　　　　　获取路径参数

PathGetCharType　　　　　　　获取路径字符类型

PathGetDriveNumber　　　　　根据逻辑盘符返回驱动器序号

 

路径转换API

PathRelativePathTo　　　　　　 创建一个路径到另一个路径的相对路径。

PathResolve　　　　　　　　　　将一个相对路径或绝对路径转换为一个合格的路径

PathCanonicalize 　　  　　　　 规范化路径，将格式比较乱的路径整理成规范的路径格式

PathBuildRoot　　　　　　　　  根据给定的磁盘序号创建根目录路径

CreateDirectory　　　　　　　　创建目录

GetShortPathName*　　　　　  将长路径转为短路径格式

GetLongPathName*　　　　　　将短路径格式转为长路径

PathGetShortPath*　　　　　　 将长路径转为短路径格式（在后新版本Windows中不可用！）

PathCreateFromUrl　　　　　　  将URL路径转为MS-DOS格式

PathMakePretty*　　　　　　　　把路径全部转为小写，增加可读性

PathMakeSystemFolder　　　　  给路径增加系统属性

PathUnmakeSystemFolder　　　去除路径中的系统属性

PathMakeUniqueName　　　　   从模板创建统一的路径格式

PathProcessCommand　　　　   生成一个可执行的路径这在ShellExecute中比较有用

 

路径验证API

PathCleanupSpec　　　　　　　　去除路径中不合法的字符

PathCommonPrefix　　　　　　　 比较并提取两个路径相同的前缀

PathFileExists　　　　　　　　　　验证路径是否存在

PathMatchSpec　　　　　　　　   判断路径是否匹配制定的扩展名

PathIsDirectory　　　　　　　　　判断路径是否是一个有效的目录

PathIsFileSpec　　　　　　　　　 验证路径是否一个文件名（有可能是一个路径）

PathIsExe　　　　　　　　　　　 验证路径是否是可执行文件。

PathIsRoot　　　　　　　　　　　路径是否为根路径

PathIsRelative　　　　　　　　　判断路径是否是相对路径

PathIsContentType　　　　　　  检测文件是否为制定类型。

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　PathIsContentType(“hello.txt” , “text/plain”) 返回TRUE

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　PathIsContentType(“hello.txt” , “image/gif”) 返回FALSE

PathIsHTMLFile　　　　　　　　判断路径是否是html文件类型——根据系统注册类型判断

PathIsLFNFileSpec　　　　　　  判断路径是否是长路径格式

PathIsNetworkPath　　　　　　 判断路径是否是一个网络路径。

PathIsPrefix　　　　　　　　　　判断路径是否含有指定前缀

PathIsSameRoot　　　　　　　  判断路径是否有相同根目录

PathIsSlow　　　　　　　　　　      判断路径是否是一个高度延迟的网络连接

PathIsSystemFolder　　　　　　     判断路径是否有系统属性（属性可以自己设定）

PathIsUNC　　　　　　　　　　       路径是否是UNC格式（网络路径）

PathIsUNCServer　　　　　　　      路径是否是UNC服务器

PathIsUNCServerShare　　　　      路径是否仅仅是UNC的共享路径格式

PathIsURL　　　　　　　　　　　    路径是否是http格式

PathYetAnotherMakeUniqueName  基于已存在的文件，自动创建一个唯一的文件名。比如存在“新建文件”，此函数会创建文件名“新建文件（2）”

 

#include 
#include 
#include     
#include 
#pragma comment(lib, "shlwapi.lib");
using namespace std;

void main( void )
{
    // PathRemoveArgs
    char buffer_0[ ] = "c:\\a\\b\\FileA Arg1 Arg2"; 
    char *lpStr0;
    lpStr0 = buffer_0;

    cout << "Path before calling \"PathRemoveArgs\": " << lpStr0 << endl;
    PathRemoveArgs(lpStr0);
    cout << "Path before calling \"PathRemoveArgs\": " << lpStr0 << endl;


    // PathRemoveBackslash
    char buffer_1[ ] = "c:\\a\\b\\File\\"; 
    char *lpStr1;
    lpStr1 = buffer_1;

    cout << "Path before calling \"PathRemoveBackslash\": " << lpStr1 << endl;
    PathRemoveBackslash(lpStr1);
    cout << "Path after calling \"PathRemoveBackslash\": " << lpStr1 << endl;

    // PathAddBackslash
    char buffer_2[MAX_PATH] = "c:\\a\\b\\File"; 
    char *lpStr2;
    lpStr2 = buffer_2;

    cout << "Path before calling \"PathAddBackslash\": " << lpStr2 << endl;
    PathAddBackslash(lpStr2);
    cout << "Path after calling \"PathAddBackslash\": " << lpStr2 << endl;
    
    // PathRemoveBlanks
    char buffer_3[ ] = "  c:\\TEST\\File1\\File2  ";  
    char *lpStr3;
    lpStr3 = buffer_3;

    cout << "Path before calling \"PathRemoveBlanks\": " << lpStr3 << endl;
    PathRemoveBlanks(lpStr3);
    cout << "Path after calling \"PathRemoveBlanks\": " << lpStr3 << endl;

    // PathAddExtension
    char buffer_4[MAX_PATH] = "file";
    char *lpStr4;
    lpStr4 = buffer_4;
    char *lpExt = ".txt";

    cout << "Path before calling \"PathAddExtension\": " << lpStr4 << endl;
    PathAddExtension(lpStr4, lpExt);
    cout << "Path after calling \"PathAddExtension\": " << lpStr4 << endl;

    // PathRemoveExtension
    char buffer_5[ ] = "C:\\TEST\\sample.txt"; 
    char *lpStr5;
    lpStr5 = buffer_5;

    cout << "Path before calling \"PathRemoveExtension\": " << lpStr5 << endl;
    PathRemoveExtension(lpStr5);
    cout << "Path after calling \"PathRemoveExtension\": " << lpStr5 << endl;

    // PathRenameExtension
    char buffer_6[ ] = "C:\\TEST\\sample.txt"; 
    char *lpStr6;
    lpStr6 = buffer_6;
    char *lpReExt = ".doc";

    cout << "Path before calling \"PathRenameExtension\": " << lpStr6 << endl;
    PathRenameExtension(lpStr6, lpReExt);
    cout << "Path after calling \"PathRenameExtension\": " << lpStr6 << endl;

    // PathRemoveFileSpec
    char buffer_7[ ] = "C:\\TEST\\sample.txt"; 
    char *lpStr7;
    lpStr7 = buffer_7;

    cout << "Path before calling \"PathRemoveFileSpec\": " << lpStr7 << endl;
    PathRemoveFileSpec(lpStr7);
    cout << "Path after calling \"PathRemoveFileSpec\": " << lpStr7 << endl;

    // PathUnquoteSpaces
    char buffer_8[ ] = "\"C:\\path1\\path2\"";
    char *lpStr8;
    lpStr8 = buffer_8;

    cout << "Path before calling \"PathUnquoteSpaces\": " << lpStr8 << endl;
    PathUnquoteSpaces(lpStr8);
    cout << "Path after calling \"PathUnquoteSpaces\": " << lpStr8 << endl;

    // PathQuoteSpaces 
    char buffer_9[MAX_PATH] = "C:\\sample_one\\sample two";
    char *lpStr9;
    lpStr9 = buffer_9;

    cout << "Path before calling \"PathQuoteSpaces \": " << lpStr9 << endl;
    PathQuoteSpaces (lpStr9);
    cout << "Path after calling \"PathQuoteSpaces \": " << lpStr9 << endl;
    

    // PathAppend
    /*
    BOOL PathAppend( 
        LPTSTR pszPath,
        LPCTSTR pszMore
        );
    */

    // PathCombine
    /*
    LPTSTR PathCombine(    
        LPTSTR lpszDest,
        LPCTSTR lpszDir,
        LPCTSTR lpszFile
        );
    */

    // PathStripPath
    TCHAR szPath1[] = TEXT("c:\\dir1\\file.txt");
    cout << "Path before calling \"PathQuoteSpaces \": " << szPath1 << endl;
    PathStripPath(szPath1);
    cout << "Path after calling \"PathQuoteSpaces \": " << szPath1 << endl;

    // PathCompactPath
    char buffer_10[MAX_PATH] = "C:\\path1\\path2\\sample.txt";
    char *lpStr10;
    lpStr10 = buffer_10;
    HDC hdc = GetDC(NULL);

    cout << "The un-truncated path is                " << lpStr10 << endl;
    PathCompactPath(hdc, lpStr10, 125);
    cout << "The truncated path at 125 pixels is :   " << lpStr10 << endl;

    // PathCompactPathEx
    char buffer_dst[MAX_PATH] = "";
    char *lpStrDst;
    lpStrDst = buffer_dst;

    char buffer_Org[MAX_PATH] = "C:\\path1\\path2\\sample.txt";
    char *lpStrOrg;
    lpStrOrg = buffer_Org;
    
    cout << "Path before calling \"PathCompactPathEx \": " << lpStrOrg << endl;
    PathCompactPathEx(lpStrDst, lpStrOrg, 10, 0);
    cout << "Path after calling \"PathCompactPathEx \": " << lpStrDst << endl;

    
    // PathFindExtension
    char buffer_Rev[MAX_PATH] = "";
    char *lpStrRev;
    lpStrRev = buffer_Rev;

    char buffer_11[] = "C:\\www.txt";
    char *lpStr11;
    lpStr11 = buffer_11;

    cout << "Path before calling \"PathFindExtension \": " << lpStr11 << endl;
    lpStrRev = PathFindExtension(lpStr11);
    cout << "Path after calling \"PathFindExtension \": " << lpStrRev << endl;

    // PathFindFileName
    cout << "Path before calling \"PathFindFileName \": " << lpStr11 << endl;
    lpStrRev = PathFindFileName(lpStr11);
    cout << "Path after calling \"PathFindFileName \": " << lpStrRev << endl;

    // PathFindNextComponent
    char buffer_12[ ] = "c:\\path1\\path2\\test"; 
    char *lpStr12;
    lpStr12 = buffer_12;

    cout << "Search a path for the next path component after the root " << lpStr1 << endl;
    cout << "Return the next path component: \"" <<  PathFindNextComponent(lpStr1) << "\"" << endl;

    // PathFindSuffixArray (case-sensitive )
    char* pszFilePath = "c:\\path1\\path2\\test.rtl";
    LPCTSTR FILE_EXT_NAME[] = {".mp3", ".doc", ".rtl", ".ogg"};
    const LPCTSTR* suffix_array = FILE_EXT_NAME;
    int iArraySize = 4;
    LPCTSTR lpStrRevStr = PathFindSuffixArray(pszFilePath, suffix_array, iArraySize);
    
    cout << "Path before calling \"PathFindSuffixArray \": " << pszFilePath << endl;
    cout << "Path after calling \"PathFindSuffixArray \": " << lpStrRevStr << endl;

    // GetLongPathName
    // GetShortPathName
    // PathGetShortPath() It might be altered or unavailable in subsequent versions of Windows.

    // PathMakePretty 
    char buffer_13[ ] = "C:\\TEST\\FILE";
    char *lpStr13;
    lpStr13 = buffer_13;

    char buffer_14[ ] = "c:\\test\\file";
    char *lpStr14;
    lpStr14 = buffer_14;

    cout << "The content of the unconverted path is : " << lpStr13 << endl;
    cout << "The \"PathMakePretty\" function returns the value " 
        << PathMakePretty(lpStr13) << "  = TRUE & converts"  << endl;
    cout << "The content of the converted path is   : " << lpStr13 << endl;

    cout << "The content of the unconverted path is : " << lpStr14 << endl;
    cout << "The \"PathMakePretty\" function returns the value " 
        << PathMakePretty(lpStr4) << "  = FALSE & no conversion"  << endl;
    cout << "The content of the converted path is   : " << lpStr14 << endl;


    // PathYetAnotherMakeUniqueName(Unicode String)
    WCHAR* pszUniqueName = new WCHAR[MAX_PATH];
    memset(pszUniqueName, 0, MAX_PATH);
    WCHAR* pszPath = L"C:\\";
    WCHAR* pszShort = NULL;
    WCHAR* pszFileSpec = L"www.txt";
    
    wcout << "Path before calling \"PathYetAnotherMakeUniqueName \": " << pszUniqueName << endl;
    BOOL bRet = PathYetAnotherMakeUniqueName(pszUniqueName, pszPath, pszShort, pszFileSpec);
    wcout << "Path after calling \"PathYetAnotherMakeUniqueName \": " << pszUniqueName << endl;

    if (pszUniqueName)
    {
        delete pszUniqueName;
        pszUniqueName = NULL;
    }
}

 运行：

Path before calling "PathRemoveArgs": c:\a\b\FileA Arg1 Arg2
Path before calling "PathRemoveArgs": c:\a\b\FileA
Path before calling "PathRemoveBackslash": c:\a\b\File\
Path after calling "PathRemoveBackslash": c:\a\b\File
Path before calling "PathAddBackslash": c:\a\b\File
Path after calling "PathAddBackslash": c:\a\b\File\
Path before calling "PathRemoveBlanks":   c:\TEST\File1\File2
Path after calling "PathRemoveBlanks": c:\TEST\File1\File2
Path before calling "PathAddExtension": file
Path after calling "PathAddExtension": file.txt
Path before calling "PathRemoveExtension": C:\TEST\sample.txt
Path after calling "PathRemoveExtension": C:\TEST\sample
Path before calling "PathRenameExtension": C:\TEST\sample.txt
Path after calling "PathRenameExtension": C:\TEST\sample.doc
Path before calling "PathRemoveFileSpec": C:\TEST\sample.txt
Path after calling "PathRemoveFileSpec": C:\TEST
Path before calling "PathUnquoteSpaces": "C:\path1\path2"
Path after calling "PathUnquoteSpaces": C:\path1\path2
Path before calling "PathQuoteSpaces ": C:\sample_one\sample two
Path after calling "PathQuoteSpaces ": "C:\sample_one\sample two"
Path before calling "PathQuoteSpaces ": c:\dir1\file.txt
Path after calling "PathQuoteSpaces ": file.txt
The un-truncated path is                C:\path1\path2\sample.txt
The truncated path at 125 pixels is :   C:\pa...\sample.txt
Path before calling "PathCompactPathEx ": C:\path1\path2\sample.txt
Path after calling "PathCompactPathEx ": ...\sa...
Path before calling "PathFindExtension ": C:\www.txt
Path after calling "PathFindExtension ": .txt
Path before calling "PathFindFileName ": C:\www.txt
Path after calling "PathFindFileName ": www.txt
Search a path for the next path component after the root c:\a\b\File
Return the next path component: "a\b\File"
Path before calling "PathFindSuffixArray ": c:\path1\path2\test.rtl
Path after calling "PathFindSuffixArray ": .rtl
The content of the unconverted path is : C:\TEST\FILE
The "PathMakePretty" function returns the value 1  = TRUE & converts
The content of the converted path is   : C:\test\file
The content of the unconverted path is : c:\test\file
The "PathMakePretty" function returns the value 0  = FALSE & no conversion
The content of the converted path is   : c:\test\file
Path before calling "PathYetAnotherMakeUniqueName ":
Path after calling "PathYetAnotherMakeUniqueName ": C:\www (2).txt
请按任意键继续. . .