【c#】线程Monitor.Wait和Monitor.Pulse使用

介绍

以一个简易版的数据库连接池的实现来说明一下
连接池的connection以队列来管理
getConnection的时候，如果队列中connection个数小于50，且暂时无可用的connection（个数为0或者peek看下头部需要先出那个元素还处于不可用状态），就新建连接并建立连接，开始一直新建到50个connection，就是_currentPoolSize =50
如果队列中connection个数大于等于50，且暂时无可用的connection（个数为0或者peek看下头部需要先出那个元素还处于不可用状态），就等着Monitor.Wait(_connectionPoolQueueLock)

returnConnection的时候，使用Monitor.Pulse(_connectionPoolQueueLock) 随机通知一个wait的线程可以继续getConnection了

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Data;
using System.Threading;
using Mono.Data.Sqlite;

namespace demo.unity.sqlite
{
    public class SQLiteConnectionManager
    {
        private Queue> _connectionPoolQueue;
        private object _connectionPoolQueueLock = new object();
        private const int maxPoolSize = 50;
        private volatile bool _disposed;
        private int _currentPoolSize;
        private readonly System.Timers.Timer _cleanupTimer = new System.Timers.Timer(10 * 60 * 1000);

        public SQLiteConnectionManager()
        {
            _connectionPoolQueue = new Queue>(maxPoolSize);
            
            _cleanupTimer.Elapsed += _cleanupTimerElapsed;
            _cleanupTimer.AutoReset = true;
            _cleanupTimer.Start();
        }
        
        private void _cleanupTimerElapsed(object sender, System.Timers.ElapsedEventArgs e)
        {
            lock (_connectionPoolQueueLock)
            {
                while (_connectionPoolQueue.Count > 0 && (DateTime.UtcNow - _connectionPoolQueue.Peek().Item2).TotalMinutes > 15)
                {
                    var tup = _connectionPoolQueue.Dequeue();
                    tup.Item1.Dispose();
                    _currentPoolSize--;
                }
            }
        }

        private SqliteConnection _createNewConnection(SqliteConnectionStringBuilder builder)
        {
            var connection = new SqliteConnection(builder.ConnectionString);
            connection.Open();
            return connection;
        }

        public SqliteConnection getConnection(SqliteConnectionStringBuilder builder)
        {
            lock (_connectionPoolQueueLock)
            {
                // count == 0 or queue.peek no use connection
                while (_connectionPoolQueue.Count == 0  || _connectionPoolQueue.Peek().Item1.State != ConnectionState.Open)
                {
                    if (_disposed)
                    {
                        throw new ObjectDisposedException("The DB connection pool is is already disposed");
                    }

                    if (_currentPoolSize < maxPoolSize)
                    {
                        // create and open connection
                        var connection = _createNewConnection(builder);
                        _connectionPoolQueue.Enqueue( new Tuple(connection, DateTime.UtcNow));
                        _currentPoolSize++;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        Monitor.Wait(_connectionPoolQueueLock);
                    }
                }

                return _connectionPoolQueue.Dequeue().Item1;
            }
        }

        public void returnConnection(SqliteConnection connection)
        {
            if (connection == null)
            {
                return;
            }

            lock (_connectionPoolQueueLock)
            {
                _connectionPoolQueue.Enqueue(new Tuple(connection, DateTime.UtcNow));
                Monitor.Pulse(_connectionPoolQueueLock);
            }
        }
        
        public void dispose()
        {
            lock (_connectionPoolQueueLock)
            {
                _disposed = true;

                while (_connectionPoolQueue.Count > 0)
                {
                    var tup  = _connectionPoolQueue.Dequeue();
                    tup.Item1?.Dispose();
                    _currentPoolSize--;
                }

                // wake up any waiting threads
                Monitor.PulseAll(_connectionPoolQueueLock);
            }

            _cleanupTimer.Stop();
            _cleanupTimer.Dispose();
        }
    }
}