之前一直用的application.properties配置文件,只能是KV结构,后来的yml配置文件更像是树状结构,支持层级,比properties更灵活;
属性跟属性值之间使用“:”和一个“空格”隔开,层级结构通过缩进对齐,缩进只能使用空格,不能用tab,并且大小写敏感,使用#注释文档;
yml配置除了能像properties读取为kv结构,还能方便的读取成集合(List、Set等)、数组、对象、Map,还能进行嵌套结构读取;
普通kv结构可以直接使用@Value标签读取,@Value除了可以读取普通kv,也能读取List或Map结构里的某一项;另外使用Environment.getProperty()方法也能像properties那样读取kv结构,但也只能以kv结构读取;
yml格式:
xxx: xxxx
xxx:
xxx: xxxx
xxx:
xxx: xxxx
xxx: xxxx
xxx: xxxx
可以直接使用@Value("${xxx}")、@Value("${xxx.xxx.xxx}")读取;
使用@Value直接读取好像只能使用xxx: xxxx,xxxx,xxxx逗号隔开的格式,可以读取成List、Set或者数组,其他格式可以放到Bean里当作类的属性读取;
yml格式:
xxx:
- xxxx
- xxxx
- xxxx
xxx: [xxxx,xxxx,xxxx]
xxx: xxxx,xxxx,xxxx
对象和Map的格式是一样的,只是读取的目标不同;读取为对象时需要提供setXXX方法,并且XXX要跟配置文件里命名一致;(另外测试时发现自动生成的set方法,对驼峰结构修改大小写会造成无法识别到配置)
yml格式:
xxx:
x: xxxx
x: xxxx
x: xxxx
xxx: {x: xxxx, x: xxxx, x: xxxx}
另外各种格式可以组合嵌套使用,例如list里使用map或者map里包含list;
Demo:
yml配置文件application.yml:
#yml文件
a: hello
val:
b: 123
c: false
d: ENV
mybeantest:
name: Tom
age: 14
addr: 北京
bestfriend: ${myArrayA[3]}
mybeantest2: {name: Jerry, age: 13, id: 1001}
myArrayA:
- tom
- jerry
- jack
- alice
myArrayB: [a,b,c]
myListC: 3,4,5,6
myListD: [{name: Jerry, age: 11, addr: 上海},{name: Jack, age: 12, addr: 北京}]
myListE:
- {name: Bob, age: 22}
- {name: Lily, age: 21}
myListF:
- name: AAA
age: 11
- name: BBB
age: 22
myListG:
- - aaa
- bbb
- ccc
- - dd
- ee
- ff
maps:
mapA:
A: 1
B: 2
C: 3
D: 4
mapB:
a: AA
b: BB
c: CC
mapC: {X: x, Y: y, Z: z}
mapD:
L1:
- x
- y
- z
L2:
- X
- Y
- Z
mapE:
M1:
a: A
b: B
M2:
C: c
D: d
mapF:
m1: {name: TOM, age: 33}
m2: {name: JERRY, age: 44}
读取为bean的类MyBean.java和MyBean2.java:
/**
* 2022年10月25日下午5:57:43
*/
package testspringboot.test3;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
* @author XWF
*
*/
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "mybeantest")
public class MyBean {
public String name;
public int age;
public String address;
public String bestFriend;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddr(String address) {//setXXX方法,只需XXX跟配置文件里的名称对应即可(自动生成的set方法驼峰结构修改大小写会造成干扰)
this.address = address;
}
public String getBestFriend() {
return bestFriend;
}
public void setBestFriend(String bestFriend) {
this.bestFriend = bestFriend;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "MyBean [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", address=" + address + ", bestFriend=" + bestFriend + "]";
}
}
/**
* 2022年10月27日上午9:45:35
*/
package testspringboot.test3;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
* @author XWF
*
*/
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "mybeantest2")
public class MyBean2 {
public String name;
public int age;
public int id;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "MyBean2 [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", id=" + id + "]";
}
}
读取为集合的类MyList.java:
/**
* 2022年10月26日上午10:06:10
*/
package testspringboot.test3;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
* @author XWF
*
*/
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "")
public class MyList {
public List myArrayA;
public Set myArrayB;
public Integer[] myListC;
public List myListD;
public List myListE;
public List myListF;
public List> myListG;
public List getMyArrayA() {
return myArrayA;
}
public void setMyArrayA(List myArrayA) {
this.myArrayA = myArrayA;
}
public Set getMyArrayB() {
return myArrayB;
}
public void setMyArrayB(Set myArrayB) {
this.myArrayB = myArrayB;
}
public Integer[] getMyListC() {
return myListC;
}
public void setMyListC(Integer[] myListC) {
this.myListC = myListC;
}
public List getMyListD() {
return myListD;
}
public void setMyListD(List myListD) {
this.myListD = myListD;
}
public List getMyListE() {
return myListE;
}
public void setMyListE(List myListE) {
this.myListE = myListE;
}
public List getMyListF() {
return myListF;
}
public void setMyListF(List myListF) {
this.myListF = myListF;
}
public List> getMyListG() {
return myListG;
}
public void setMyListG(List> myListG) {
this.myListG = myListG;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "MyList [myArrayA=" + myArrayA + ",\n myArrayB=" + myArrayB + ",\n myListC=" + myListC + ",\n myListD="
+ myListD + ",\n myListE=" + myListE + ",\n myListF=" + myListF + ",\n myListG=" + myListG + "]";
}
}
读取为Map的类MyMap.java:
/**
* 2022年10月26日下午4:35:02
*/
package testspringboot.test3;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
* @author XWF
*
*/
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "maps")
public class MyMap {
public Map mapA;
public Map mapB;
public Map mapC;
public Map> mapD;
public Map> mapE;
public Map mapF;
public Map getMapA() {
return mapA;
}
public void setMapA(Map mapA) {
this.mapA = mapA;
}
public Map getMapB() {
return mapB;
}
public void setMapB(Map mapB) {
this.mapB = mapB;
}
public Map getMapC() {
return mapC;
}
public void setMapC(Map mapC) {
this.mapC = mapC;
}
public Map> getMapD() {
return mapD;
}
public void setMapD(Map> mapD) {
this.mapD = mapD;
}
public Map> getMapE() {
return mapE;
}
public void setMapE(Map> mapE) {
this.mapE = mapE;
}
public Map getMapF() {
return mapF;
}
public void setMapF(Map mapF) {
this.mapF = mapF;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return String.format("MyMap [mapA=%s,\n mapB=%s,\n mapC=%s,\n mapD=%s,\n mapE=%s,\n mapF=%s]", mapA, mapB, mapC, mapD,
mapE, mapF);
}
}
进行测试用的类Test3Class.java:
/**
* 2022年10月25日下午4:02:58
*/
package testspringboot.test3;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
* @author XWF
*
*/
@Component
public class Test3Class {
@Value("${a}")
public String a;
@Value("${val.b}")
public int b;
@Value("${val.c}")
public boolean c;
@Autowired
public Environment env;
@Resource
public MyBean bean;
@Resource
public MyBean2 bean2;
@Value("${myArrayA[3]}")
public String arrayA_3;
@Value("${myArrayB[1]}")
public String arrayB_1;
@Value("${myListC}")
public List list;
@Value("${myListC}")
public Set set;
@Value("${myListC}")
public String[] array;
@Resource
public MyList mylist;
@Resource
public MyMap mymap;
@PostConstruct
public void fun() {
System.out.println(a);
System.out.println(b);
System.out.println(c);
System.out.println(env.getProperty("val.d"));
System.out.println(bean);
System.out.println(bean2);
System.out.println(arrayA_3);
System.out.println(arrayB_1);
System.out.println(list);
System.out.println(set);
System.out.println(array);
System.out.println(mylist);
System.out.println(mymap);
}
}
启动类(只测配置文件,所以设置WebApplicationType.NONE关闭web服务):
/**
* 2022年10月25日下午2:53:50
*/
package testspringboot.test3;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.WebApplicationType;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
/**
* @author XWF
*
*/
@SpringBootApplication
public class Test3Main {
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication sapp = new SpringApplication(Test3Main.class);
sapp.setWebApplicationType(WebApplicationType.NONE);
sapp.run(args);
}
}
执行结果: