目录
一、域名解析
gethostbyname():
二、网络属性设置
三、网络超时优化
方法一:设置socket的属性 SO_RCVTIMEO
方法二: 用select检测socket是否’ready’
方法三: 设置定时器(timer), 捕捉SIGALRM信号
•思考:
试总结如何在linux中动态检查到是否有网络以及网络中途的掉线/连接的检查?
方法一:
方法二:
四、广播编程(和组播,一对多采用UDP编程)
一、广播发送(相当于client)
二、广播接收(相当于server)
五、组播(多播)编程
网络地址
一、组播发送
二、组播接收
1、加入多播组
六、UNIX域套接字
一、UNIX域(流式)套接字,TCP
二、UNIX域(用户数据报)套接字,UDP
access:判断一个文件/路径是否存在,存在返回0;不存在返回-1;
unlink:删除一个文件/路径
作业:
day8:
day9zuoye:
网络信息检索函数
说明:IPv4中使用gethostbyname()函数完成主机名到地址解析,这个函数仅仅支持IPv4,且不允许调用者指定所需地址类型的任何信息,返回的结构只包含了用于存储IPv4地址的空间。IPv6中引入了getaddrinfo()的新API,它是协议无关的,既可用于IPv4也可用于IPv6。
client.c:
/*./client serv_name serv_port 给个域名或者IP地址*/
#include
#include "net.h"
void usage (char *s)
{
printf ("\n%s serv_ip serv_port", s);
printf ("\n\t serv_name: server domain name or ip address");
printf ("\n\t serv_port: server port(>5000)\n\n");
}
int main (int argc, char **argv)
{
int fd = -1;
int port = -1;
struct sockaddr_in sin;
struct hostent *hs = NULL;
if (argc != 3) {
usage (argv[0]);
exit (1);
}
port = atoi (argv[2]);
if (port < 5000) {
usage (argv[0]);
exit (1);
}
if ((hs = gethostbyname (argv[1])) == NULL) { //等于空意味出错
herror ("gethostbyname error");//打印这个错误不能用perror
exit (1);
}
/* 1. 创建socket fd */
if ((fd = socket (AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) {
perror ("socket");
exit (1);
}
/*2.连接服务器 */
/*2.1 填充struct sockaddr_in结构体变量 */
bzero (&sin, sizeof (sin));
sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
sin.sin_port = htons (port); //网络字节序的端口号
#if 1
sin.sin_addr.s_addr = *((uint32_t *) hs->h_addr);//指针类型转换(h_addr是h_addr_list[0],有宏定义)
endhostent ();//释放结构体变量
hs = NULL;//避免野指针
#else
if (inet_pton (AF_INET, argv[1], (void *) &sin.sin_addr) != 1) {
perror ("inet_pton");
exit (1);
}
#endif
if (connect (fd, (struct sockaddr *) &sin, sizeof (sin)) < 0) {
perror ("connect");
exit (1);
}
printf ("Client staring...OK!\n");
int ret = -1;
fd_set rset;
int maxfd = -1;
struct timeval tout;
char buf[BUFSIZ];
while (1) {
FD_ZERO (&rset);
FD_SET (0, &rset);
FD_SET (fd, &rset);
maxfd = fd;
tout.tv_sec = 5;
tout.tv_usec = 0;
select (maxfd + 1, &rset, NULL, NULL, &tout);
if (FD_ISSET (0, &rset)) { //标准键盘上有输入
//读取键盘输入,发送到网络套接字fd
bzero (buf, BUFSIZ);
do {
ret = read (0, buf, BUFSIZ - 1);
} while (ret < 0 && EINTR == errno);
if (ret < 0) {
perror ("read");
continue;
}
if (!ret)
continue;
if (write (fd, buf, strlen (buf)) < 0) {
perror ("write() to socket");
continue;
}
if (!strncasecmp (buf, QUIT_STR, strlen (QUIT_STR))) { //用户输入了quit字符
printf ("Client is exiting!\n");
break;
}
}
if (FD_ISSET (fd, &rset)) { //服务器给发送过来了数据
//读取套接字数据,处理
bzero (buf, BUFSIZ);
do {
ret = read (fd, buf, BUFSIZ - 1);
} while (ret < 0 && EINTR == errno);
if (ret < 0) {
perror ("read from socket");
continue;
}
if (!ret)
break; /* 服务器关闭 */
//There is a BUG,FIXME!!
printf ("server said: %s\n", buf);
if ((strlen (buf) > strlen (SERV_RESP_STR))
&& !strncasecmp (buf + strlen (SERV_RESP_STR), QUIT_STR, strlen (QUIT_STR))) { //用户输入了quit字符
printf ("Sender Client is exiting!\n");
break;
}
}
}
/*4.关闭套接字 */
close (fd);
}
net.h:
#ifndef __MAKEU_NET_H__
#define __MAKEU_NET_H__
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include /* See NOTES */
#include
#include
#include /* superset of previous */
#include
#include
//#include
#include
#define SERV_PORT 5002
#define SERV_IP_ADDR "192.168.7.246"
#define BACKLOG 5
#define QUIT_STR "quit"
#define SERV_RESP_STR "SERVER:"
#endif
server.c:
#include
#include
//#include
#include
#include "net.h"
void cli_data_handle (void *arg);
void setKeepAlive (int sockfd, int attr_on, socklen_t idle_time, socklen_t interval, socklen_t cnt);
void sig_child_handle (int signo)
{
if (SIGCHLD == signo) {
waitpid (-1, NULL, WNOHANG);
}
}
int main (void)
{
int fd = -1;
struct sockaddr_in sin;
signal (SIGCHLD, sig_child_handle);
/* 1. 创建socket fd */
if ((fd = socket (AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) {
perror ("socket");
exit (1);
}
/*允许绑定地址快速重用 */
int b_reuse = 1;
setsockopt (fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &b_reuse, sizeof (int));
#if 0
/* 允许广播 */
int b_br = 1;
setsockopt (fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BROADCAST, &b_br, sizeof (int));
/* 设置接收超时 */
struct timeval tout;
tout.tv_sec = 5;
tout.tv_usec = 0;
setsockopt (fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, &tout, sizeof (struct timeval));
#endif
/*2. 绑定 */
/*2.1 填充struct sockaddr_in结构体变量 */
bzero (&sin, sizeof (sin));
sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
sin.sin_port = htons (SERV_PORT); //网络字节序的端口号
/*优化1: 让服务器程序能绑定在任意的IP上 */
#if 1
sin.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl (INADDR_ANY);
#else
if (inet_pton (AF_INET, SERV_IP_ADDR, (void *) &sin.sin_addr) != 1) {
perror ("inet_pton");
exit (1);
}
#endif
/*2.2 绑定 */
if (bind (fd, (struct sockaddr *) &sin, sizeof (sin)) < 0) {
perror ("bind");
exit (1);
}
/*3. 调用listen()把主动套接字变成被动套接字 */
if (listen (fd, BACKLOG) < 0) {
perror ("listen");
exit (1);
}
printf ("Server starting....OK!\n");
int newfd = -1;
/*4. 阻塞等待客户端连接请求 */
struct sockaddr_in cin;
socklen_t addrlen = sizeof (cin);
while (1) {
pid_t pid = -1;
if ((newfd = accept (fd, (struct sockaddr *) &cin, &addrlen)) < 0) {
perror ("accept");
break;
}
/*创建一个子进程用于处理已建立连接的客户的交互数据 */
if ((pid = fork ()) < 0) {
perror ("fork");
break;
}
if (0 == pid) { //子进程中
close (fd);
char ipv4_addr[16];
if (!inet_ntop (AF_INET, (void *) &cin.sin_addr, ipv4_addr, sizeof (cin))) {
perror ("inet_ntop");
exit (1);
}
printf ("Clinet(%s:%d) is connected!\n", ipv4_addr, ntohs (cin.sin_port));
cli_data_handle (&newfd);
return 0;
} else { //实际上此处 pid >0, 父进程中
close (newfd);
}
}
close (fd);
return 0;
}
void cli_data_handle (void *arg)
{
int newfd = *(int *) arg;
printf ("Child handling process: newfd =%d\n", newfd);
int keepAlive = 1; //设定KeepAlive
int keepIdle = 5; //开始首次KeepAlive探测前的TCP空闭时间
in