C++ 反向迭代器

反向迭代器的++即正向迭代器的--,反向迭代器的--即正向迭代器的++,反向迭代器和正向迭代器的很多功能都是相似的,因此我们可以复用正向迭代器作为反向迭代器的底层容器来封装,从而实现出反向迭代器,即:反向迭代器内部可以包含一个正向迭代器,对正向迭代器的接口进行包装

这样一来我们可以实现任意容器的反向迭代器,如果用的是vector的正向迭代器,那么就封装出vector的反向迭代器,如果用的是list的正向迭代器,那么就封装出list的反向迭代器,这就是迭代器适配器了

反向迭代器:

template
class ReverseIterator
{
	typedef ReverseIterator Self;
public:

	ReverseIterator(Iterator it)
		:_it(it)
	{}

	Self& operator++()
	{
		--_it;
		return *this;
	}

	Self operator++(int)
	{
		Self tmp(*this);
		--_it;
		return tmp;
	}

	Self& operator--()
	{
		++_it;
		return *this;
	}

	Self operator--(int)
	{
		Self tmp(*this);
		++_it;
		return tmp;
	}

	Ref operator*()//返回前一个位置的数据
	{
		Iterator cur = _it;
		return *(--cur);
	}

	Ptr operator->()
	{
		return &(operator*());
	}

	bool operator!=(const Self& s)
	{
		return _it != s._it;
	}

	bool operator==(const Self& s)
	{
		return _it == s._it;
	}

private:
	Iterator _it;
};

库中设计的反向迭代器与正向迭代器是对称关系,关于解引用越界问题也很巧妙的处理了~:

解引用返回的是前一个位置的数据

C++ 反向迭代器_第1张图片

 vector模拟实现:

#include
#include"Reverseiterator.h"
namespace djx
{
	template
	class vector
	{
	public:
		typedef T* iterator;
		typedef const T* const_iterator;
		typedef ReverseIterator reverse_iterator;
		typedef ReverseIterator const_reverse_iterator;

		reverse_iterator rbegin()
		{
			return reverse_iterator(end());
		}

		reverse_iterator rend()
		{
			return reverse_iterator(begin());
		}

		const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const
		{
			return const_reverse_iterator(end());
		}

		const_reverse_iterator rend() const
		{
			return const_reverse_iterator(begin());
		}

		iterator begin()
		{
			return _start;
		}

		iterator end()
		{
			return _finish;
		}

		const_iterator begin()const
		{
			return _start;
		}

		const_iterator end()const
		{
			return _finish;
		}

		vector()//一定要写,因为我们已经写了拷贝构造了,编译器不会生成默认的构造函数,当要使用无参的构造时如果我们没写,就没有,会报错
		{}

		vector(const vector& v)
		{
			reserve(v.capacity());
			for (auto& e : v)
			{
				push_back(e);
			}
		}

		vector(size_t n, const T& val = T())
		{
			reserve(n);
			for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++)
			{
				push_back(val);
			}
		}

		template 
		vector(InputIterator first, InputIterator last)
		{
			while (first != last)
			{
				push_back(*first);
				first++;
			}
		}

		void swap(vector& v)
		{
			std::swap(_start, v._start);
			std::swap(_finish, v._finish);
			std::swap(_endofstorage, v._endofstorage);
		}

		vector& operator=(vector tmp)
		{
			swap(tmp);
			return *this;
		}

		~vector()
		{
			delete[] _start;
			_start = _finish = _endofstorage = nullptr;
		}

		T& operator[](size_t pos)
		{
			assert(pos < size());
			return _start[pos];
		}

		const T& operator[](size_t pos) const
		{
			assert(pos < size());
			return _start[pos];
		}

		void reserve(size_t n)
		{
			if (n > capacity())
			{
				size_t sz = size();
				T* tmp = new T[n];
				if (_start)
				{
					for (size_t i = 0; i < sz; i++)
					{
						tmp[i] = _start[i];
					}
					delete[] _start;
				}
				_start = tmp;
				_finish = _start + sz;
				_endofstorage = _start + n;
			}
		}

		void push_back(const T& val)
		{
			/*	if (_finish == _endofstorage)
				{
					reserve(capacity() == 0 ? 4 : capacity() * 2);
				}
				*_finish = val;
				_finish++;*/

			insert(end(), val);//复用insert
		}

		void resize(size_t n, const T& val = T())
		{
			if (n <= size())
			{
				_finish = _start + n;
			}
			else
			{
				reserve(n);
				while (_finish < _start + n)
				{
					*_finish = val;
					_finish++;
				}
			}
		}

		void insert(iterator pos, const T& val)
		{
			assert(pos >= _start);
			assert(pos <= _finish);
			if (_finish == _endofstorage)
			{
				size_t len = pos - _start;
				reserve(capacity() == 0 ? 4 : capacity() * 2);
				pos = _start + len;
			}

			iterator end = _finish - 1;
			while (end >= pos)
			{
				*(end + 1) = *end;
				end--;
			}

			*pos = val;
			_finish++;
		}

		iterator erase(iterator pos)
		{
			assert(pos >= _start);
			assert(pos < _finish);

			iterator begin = pos + 1;
			while (begin < _finish)
			{
				*(begin - 1) = *begin;
				begin++;
			}
			_finish--;
			return pos;
		}

		size_t capacity() const
		{
			return _endofstorage - _start;
		}

		size_t size()const
		{
			return _finish - _start;
		}

	private:
		iterator _start = nullptr;//都会走构造,拷贝构造的初始化列表
		iterator _finish = nullptr;//给缺省值,就不用我们在构造,拷贝构造函数的初始化列表给值
		iterator _endofstorage = nullptr;
	};
}

测试vector的反向迭代器:

void func(const djx::vector& v)
{
	djx::vector::const_reverse_iterator rit = v.rbegin();
	while (rit != v.rend())
	{
		cout << *rit << " ";
		rit++;
	}
	cout << endl;
}

int main()
{
	djx::vector v;
	v.push_back(1);
	v.push_back(2);
	v.push_back(3);
	v.push_back(4);

	djx::vector::reverse_iterator rit = v.rbegin();
	while (rit != v.rend())
	{
		cout << *rit << " ";
		rit++;
	}
	cout << endl;

	func(v);
	return 0;
}

C++ 反向迭代器_第2张图片 

 

list模拟实现:

#include"Reverseiterator.h"
namespace djx
{
	template
	struct list_node
	{
		T _data;
		list_node* _prev;
		list_node* _next;

		list_node(const T& x = T())
			:_data(x)
			, _prev(nullptr)
			, _next(nullptr)
		{}
	};

	template
	struct __list_iterator
	{
		typedef list_node Node;
		typedef __list_iterator self;

		Node* _node;

		__list_iterator(Node* node)
			:_node(node)
		{}

		Ref operator*()
		{
			return _node->_data;
		}

		Ptr operator->()
		{
			return &_node->_data;
		}

		self& operator++()
		{
			_node = _node->_next;
			return *this;
		}

		self operator++(int)
		{
			self tmp(*this);
			_node = _node->_next;
			return tmp;
		}

		self& operator--()
		{
			_node = _node->_prev;
			return *this;
		}

		self operator--(int)
		{
			self tmp(*this);
			_node = _node->_prev;
			return tmp;
		}

		bool operator!=(const self& s)
		{
			return _node != s._node;
		}

		bool operator==(const self& s)
		{
			return _node == s._node;
		}
	};

	template
	class list
	{
		typedef list_node Node;
	public:
		typedef __list_iterator iterator;
		typedef __list_iterator const_iterator;
		typedef ReverseIterator reverse_iterator;
		typedef ReverseIterator const_reverse_iterator;

		reverse_iterator rbegin()
		{
			return reverse_iterator(end());
		}

		reverse_iterator rend()
		{
			return reverse_iterator(begin());
		}

		const_reverse_iterator rbegin()const
		{
			return const_reverse_iterator(end());
		}

		const_reverse_iterator rend() const
		{
			return const_reverse_iterator(begin());
		}

		iterator begin()
		{
			return _head->_next;
		}

		iterator end()
		{
			return _head;
		}

		const_iterator begin()const
		{
			return _head->_next;
		}

		const_iterator end()const
		{
			return _head;
		}

		void empty_init()
		{
			_head = new Node;
			_head->_next = _head;
			_head->_prev = _head;
			_size = 0;
		}

		list()
		{
			empty_init();
		}

		list(const list& lt)
		{
			empty_init();
			for (auto e : lt)
			{
				push_back(e);
			}
		}

		void swap(list& lt)
		{
			std::swap(_head, lt._head);
			std::swap(_size, lt._size);
		}

		list& operator=(list lt)
		{
			swap(lt);
			return *this;
		}

		~list()
		{
			clear();
			delete _head;
			_head = nullptr;
		}

		void clear()
		{
			iterator it = begin();
			while (it != end())
			{
				it = erase(it);
			}
		}

		void push_back(const T& x)
		{
			insert(end(), x);
		}

		void push_front(const T& x)
		{
			insert(begin(), x);
		}

		void pop_back()
		{
			erase(--end());
		}

		void pop_front()
		{
			erase(begin());
		}

		iterator insert(iterator pos, const T& x)
		{
			Node* cur = pos._node;
			Node* newnode = new Node(x);
			Node* prev = cur->_prev;

			prev->_next = newnode;
			newnode->_prev = prev;

			newnode->_next = cur;
			cur->_prev = newnode;
			_size++;
			return newnode;
		}

		iterator erase(iterator pos)
		{
			Node* cur = pos._node;
			Node* next = cur->_next;
			Node* prev = cur->_prev;

			delete cur;
			prev->_next = next;
			next->_prev = prev;
			_size--;
			return next;
		}

		size_t size()
		{
			return _size;
		}

	private:
		Node* _head;
		size_t _size;
	};
}

测试list的反向迭代器:

void func(const djx::list& lt)
{
	djx::list::const_reverse_iterator rit = lt.rbegin();
	while (rit != lt.rend())
	{
		cout << *rit << " ";
		rit++;
	}
	cout << endl;
}

int main()
{
	djx::list lt;
	lt.push_back(1);
	lt.push_back(2);
	lt.push_back(3);
	lt.push_back(4);

	djx::list::reverse_iterator rit = lt.rbegin();
	while (rit != lt.rend())
	{
		cout << *rit << " ";
		rit++;
	}
	cout << endl;
	func(lt);
	return 0;
}

C++ 反向迭代器_第3张图片

当然了,我们也可以按照不同于库中设计的逻辑来设计反向迭代器:但是存在一些细节需要处理

与库中反向迭代器设计模式不同之处在于解引用的设计 

C++ 反向迭代器_第4张图片

上图版本的反向迭代器解引用重载的设计: 

	Ref operator*()
	{
		return *_it
	}

 那么,相应的在vector和list中也会发生变化:

vector中:

        reverse_iterator rbegin()
		{
			return reverse_iterator(end() - 1);
		}

		reverse_iterator rend()
		{
			return reverse_iterator(begin() - 1);
		}

		const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const
		{
			return const_reverse_iterator(end() - 1);
		}

		const_reverse_iterator rend() const
		{
			return const_reverse_iterator(begin() - 1);
		}

需要注意的是必须是end()-1 /begin()-1 而不能是--end()/--begin()

因为vector类中迭代器的实现,我们将其设计为原生指针T*,是内置类型

end()/begin() 为传值返回,返回的是临时对象,具有常性,不可被修改

list中:

        reverse_iterator rbegin()
		{
			return reverse_iterator(--end());
		}

		reverse_iterator rend()
		{
			return reverse_iterator(end());
		}

		const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const
		{
			return const_reverse_iterator(--end());
		}

		const_reverse_iterator rend() const
		{
			return const_reverse_iterator(end());
		}

也可以设计成end()-1,只不过list的正向迭代器是自定义类型,需要重载-运算符才可

那么问题就来了,为什么同样是各自的--end() ,vector就报错,我们知道因为返回的是临时对象具有常性导致的,但是list却不报错可以这样设计呢?

诚然,list的end()返回的也是临时对象,同样具有常性,不报错是因为这是特殊情况,特殊处理:具有常性的自定义类型的对象可以调用非const的函数

所以list中的--end()返回的自定义类型的临时对象可以调用list迭代器类中,非const的--运算符重载函数

如:

class A
{
public:
	A(int x = 0)
		:_a(x)
	{}

	void Print()
	{}

private:
	int _a;
};

我们有时候会写出这样的代码:

A(1).Print(); // 特殊处理

A(1)是匿名对象具有常性,而print函数是非const的 

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