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[root@web1 ~] # yum install -y httpd
[root@web2 ~] # yum install -y httpd
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[root@web1 ~] # echo "
[root@web2 ~] # echo "
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[root@web1 ~] # service httpd start
正在启动 httpd: [确定]
[root@web2 ~] # service httpd start
正在启动 httpd: [确定]
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location / {
proxy_pass http: //localhost :8000;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
}
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[root@nginx ~] # cd /etc/nginx/
[root@nginx nginx] # cp nginx.conf nginx.conf.bak #备份一个原配置文件
[root@nginx nginx] # vim nginx.conf
location / {
proxy_pass http: //192 .168.18.201;
}
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[root@nginx ~] # service nginx reload
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx .conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx .conf test is successful
重新载入 nginx: [确定]
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[root@web1 ~] # tail /var/log/httpd/access_log
192.168.18.208 - - [04 /Sep/2013 :00:14:20 +0800] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.0" 404 289 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/28.0.1500.95 Safari/537.36"
192.168.18.208 - - [04 /Sep/2013 :00:14:20 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 23 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/28.0.1500.95 Safari/537.36"
192.168.18.208 - - [04 /Sep/2013 :00:14:20 +0800] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.0" 404 289 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/28.0.1500.95 Safari/537.36"
192.168.18.138 - - [04 /Sep/2013 :00:14:45 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 23 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/28.0.1500.95 Safari/537.36"
192.168.18.138 - - [04 /Sep/2013 :00:14:48 +0800] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 289 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/28.0.1500.95 Safari/537.36"
192.168.18.208 - - [04 /Sep/2013 :00:14:55 +0800] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.0" 404 289 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/28.0.1500.95 Safari/537.36"
192.168.18.208 - - [04 /Sep/2013 :00:15:05 +0800] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.0" 404 289 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/28.0.1500.95 Safari/537.36"
192.168.18.208 - - [04 /Sep/2013 :00:15:13 +0800] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.0" 404 289 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/28.0.1500.95 Safari/537.36"
192.168.18.208 - - [04 /Sep/2013 :00:15:16 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 23 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/28.0.1500.95 Safari/537.36"
192.168.18.208 - - [04 /Sep/2013 :00:15:16 +0800] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.0" 404 289 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/28.0.1500.95 Safari/537.36"
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location / {
proxy_pass http: //192 .168.18.201;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; #加上这一行
}
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[root@nginx ~] # service nginx reload
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx .conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx .conf test is successful
重新载入 nginx: [确定]
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[root@web1 ~] # tail /var/log/httpd/access_log
192.168.18.208 - - [03 /Sep/2013 :16:26:18 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 23 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.208 - - [03 /Sep/2013 :16:26:18 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 23 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.208 - - [03 /Sep/2013 :16:26:18 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 23 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.208 - - [03 /Sep/2013 :16:26:18 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 23 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.208 - - [03 /Sep/2013 :16:26:18 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 23 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.208 - - [03 /Sep/2013 :16:26:18 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 23 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.208 - - [03 /Sep/2013 :16:26:18 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 23 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.208 - - [03 /Sep/2013 :16:26:18 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 23 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.208 - - [03 /Sep/2013 :16:26:18 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 23 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.208 - - [03 /Sep/2013 :16:26:18 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 23 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)"
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[root@web1 ~] # service httpd restart
停止 httpd: [确定]
正在启动 httpd: [确定]
[root@web1 ~] # tail /var/log/httpd/access_log
192.168.18.138 - - [03 /Sep/2013 :17:09:14 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 23 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.138 - - [03 /Sep/2013 :17:09:14 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 23 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.138 - - [03 /Sep/2013 :17:09:15 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 23 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.138 - - [03 /Sep/2013 :17:09:15 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 23 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.138 - - [03 /Sep/2013 :17:09:15 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 23 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.138 - - [03 /Sep/2013 :17:09:15 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 23 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.138 - - [03 /Sep/2013 :17:09:15 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 23 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.138 - - [03 /Sep/2013 :17:09:15 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 23 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.138 - - [03 /Sep/2013 :17:09:15 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 23 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.138 - - [03 /Sep/2013 :17:09:15 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 23 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)"
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upstream test .net{
ip_hash;
server 192.168.10.13:80;
server 192.168.10.14:80 down;
server 192.168.10.15:8009 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=20s;
server 192.168.10.16:8080;
}
server {
location / {
proxy_pass http: //test .net;
}
}
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轮询(默认)。每个请求按时间顺序逐一分配到不同的后端服务器,如果后端某台服务器宕机,故障系统被自动剔除,使用户访问不受影响。Weight 指定轮询权值,Weight值越大,分配到的访问机率越高,主要用于后端每个服务器性能不均的情况下。
ip_hash。每个请求按访问IP的hash结果分配,这样来自同一个IP的访客固定访问一个后端服务器,有效解决了动态网页存在的session共享问题。
fair。这是比上面两个更加智能的负载均衡算法。此种算法可以依据页面大小和加载时间长短智能地进行负载均衡,也就是根据后端服务器的响应时间来分配请求,响应时间短的优先分配。Nginx本身是不支持fair的,如果需要使用这种调度算法,必须下载Nginx的upstream_fair模块。
url_hash。此方法按访问url的hash结果来分配请求,使每个url定向到同一个后端服务器,可以进一步提高后端缓存服务器的效率。Nginx本身是不支持url_hash的,如果需要使用这种调度算法,必须安装Nginx 的hash软件包。
down,表示当前的server暂时不参与负载均衡。
backup,预留的备份机器。当其他所有的非backup机器出现故障或者忙的时候,才会请求backup机器,因此这台机器的压力最轻。
max_fails,允许请求失败的次数,默认为1。当超过最大次数时,返回proxy_next_upstream 模块定义的错误。
fail_timeout,在经历了max_fails次失败后,暂停服务的时间。max_fails可以和fail_timeout一起使用。
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[root@nginx ~] # vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
upstream webservers {
server 192.168.18.201 weight=1;
server 192.168.18.202 weight=1;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
proxy_pass http: //webservers ;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
}
}
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[root@nginx ~] # service nginx reload
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx .conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx .conf test is successful
重新载入 nginx: [确定]
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[root@web1 ~] # tail /var/log/httpd/access_log
192.168.18.138 - - [04 /Sep/2013 :09:41:58 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 23 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.138 - - [04 /Sep/2013 :09:41:58 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 23 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.138 - - [04 /Sep/2013 :09:41:59 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 23 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.138 - - [04 /Sep/2013 :09:41:59 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 23 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.138 - - [04 /Sep/2013 :09:42:00 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 23 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.138 - - [04 /Sep/2013 :09:42:00 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 23 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.138 - - [04 /Sep/2013 :09:42:00 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 23 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.138 - - [04 /Sep/2013 :09:44:21 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 23 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.138 - - [04 /Sep/2013 :09:44:22 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 23 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.138 - - [04 /Sep/2013 :09:44:22 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 23 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)"
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[root@web2 ~] # vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
LogFormat "%{X-Real-IP}i %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
[root@web2 ~] # service httpd restart
停止 httpd: [确定]
正在启动 httpd: [确定]
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[root@web2 ~] # tail /var/log/httpd/access_log
192.168.18.138 - - [04 /Sep/2013 :09:50:28 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 23 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.138 - - [04 /Sep/2013 :09:50:28 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 23 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.138 - - [04 /Sep/2013 :09:50:28 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 23 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.138 - - [04 /Sep/2013 :09:50:28 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 23 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.138 - - [04 /Sep/2013 :09:50:28 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 23 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.138 - - [04 /Sep/2013 :09:50:28 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 23 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.138 - - [04 /Sep/2013 :09:50:28 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 23 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.138 - - [04 /Sep/2013 :09:50:28 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 23 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.138 - - [04 /Sep/2013 :09:50:29 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 23 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.138 - - [04 /Sep/2013 :09:50:29 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 23 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)"
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max_fails,允许请求失败的次数,默认为1。当超过最大次数时,返回proxy_next_upstream 模块定义的错误。
fail_timeout,在经历了max_fails次失败后,暂停服务的时间。max_fails可以和fail_timeout一起使用,进行健康状态检查。
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[root@nginx ~] # vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
upstream webservers {
server 192.168.18.201 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
server 192.168.18.202 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
}
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[root@nginx ~] # service nginx reload
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx .conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx .conf test is successful
重新载入 nginx: [确定]
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先停止Web1,进行测试。
[root@web1 ~] # service httpd stop
停止 httpd: [确定]
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[root@web1 ~] # service httpd start
正在启动 httpd: [确定]
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[root@nginx ~] # vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
server {
listen 8080;
server_name localhost;
root /data/www/errorpage ;
index index.html;
}
upstream webservers {
server 192.168.18.201 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
server 192.168.18.202 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
server 127.0.0.1:8080 backup;
}
[root@nginx ~] # mkdir -pv /data/www/errorpage
[root@nginx errorpage] # cat index.html
/h1 >
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[root@nginx errorpage] # service nginx reload
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx .conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx .conf test is successful
重新载入 nginx: [确定]
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[root@web1 ~] # service httpd stop
停止 httpd: [确定]
[root@web2 ~] # service httpd stop
停止 httpd: [确定]
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ip_hash,每个请求按访问IP的hash结果分配,这样来自同一个IP的访客固定访问一个后端服务器,有效解决了动态网页存在的session共享问题。(一般电子商务网站用的比较多)
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[root@nginx ~] # vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
upstream webservers {
ip_hash;
server 192.168.18.201 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
server 192.168.18.202 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
#server 127.0.0.1:8080 backup;
}
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[root@nginx ~] # service nginx reload
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx .conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx .conf test is successful
重新载入 nginx: [确定]
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[root@web2 ~] # netstat -an | grep :80 | wc -l
304
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