基本原理说明
- python-selenium获取到验证码图
- python-PIL处理验证码图片
- python-baidu-aip提交图片获取识别文字
python-selenium获取到验证码图
目标：获取验证码图片
模块：selenium
核心步骤如下：
browser = webdriver.Firefox();browser.get('url');#打开浏览器访问地址all_page = browser.save_screenshot('All.png')#截图获取整个页面location = browser.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id='imgCodeId']").locate#定位验证码rangle = (x_begin,y_begin,x_end,y_end)#验证码的四个坐标code_image = all_page.crop(rangle)#根据坐标截图
python-PIL处理验证码图片
目标：提高图片识别的准确率
模块：PIL
核心步骤如下：
imgry = Image.open(r"result.jpg").convert('L')#灰度处理,去除颜色sharpness =ImageEnhance.Contrast(imgry)#对比度增强i3 = sharpness.enhance(3.0) #3.0为图像的饱和度
python-baidu-aip提交图片获取识别文字（接口说明）
目标：传入验证码图片获取文字识别结果
模块：baidu-aip
核心步骤如下：
- 对接口返回结果的二次验证和处理,本项目对返回的平均置信度、返回字符串类型进行二次判断，如未达到相关阈值，则刷新验证码，重新提交图片
项目整体代码示例
#coding=utf8
from selenium import webdriver
import time
from PIL import Image
from PIL import ImageEnhance
from aip import AipOcr
import os
all_num = ['a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j','k','l','m','n','o','p','q','r','s','t','u','v','w','x','y','z',
'A','B','C','D','E','F','G','H','I','J','K','L','M','N','O','P','Q','R','S','T','U','V','W','X','Y','Z',
'1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','0']
def baidu_image_to_word(image_path):
""" 你的 APPID AK SK """
APP_ID = '14364432'
API_KEY = 'jgopMYaecGeGgaBr2EYWKNDZ'
SECRET_KEY = 'TnpKrHyyc3IgrGw2L5ZzKRiY9F2seCSk'
client = AipOcr(APP_ID, API_KEY, SECRET_KEY)
with open(image_path, 'rb') as fp:
image = fp.read()
""" 调用通用文字识别, 图片参数为本地图片 """
client.basicGeneral(image);
""" 如果有可选参数 """
options = {}
options["language_type"] = "ENG"
options["detect_direction"] = "true"#是否检测图像朝向，默认不检测，即：false
##options["detect_language"] = "true"#是否检测语言，默认不检测
options["probability"] = "true"#是否返回识别结果中每一行的置信度
""" 带参数调用通用文字识别, 图片参数为本地图片 """
res = client.basicAccurate(image, options)#通用文字识别(高精度版),普通版是client.basicGeneral(image, options);
##""" 调用通用文字识别, 图片参数为远程url图片 """
##url = "https//www.x.com/sample.jpg"
##client.basicGeneralUrl(url,options);
try:
guess = res['words_result'][0]['words']
probability = res['words_result'][0]['probability']['average']
except:
print("识别失败，将置信度归为0，文字为空")
guess = '';probability=0;
return guess,probability,res
def get_code(browser):
image = browser.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id='imgCodeId']")
location = image.location# 获取验证码x,y轴坐标
size = image.size # 获取验证码的长宽
x_begin = int(location['x']);
y_begin = int(location['y']);
my_with = int(size['width'])
my_height = int(size['height'])
rangle = (x_begin,
y_begin,
x_begin+my_with,
y_begin+my_height) # 写成我们需要截取的位置坐标
## print(rangle)
probability = 0;count = 0;count_max = 30;words_num = 0
##图片文字识别的置信度大于0.9的时候才说明识别得比较准确，否则刷新验证码重新识别
while (probability<0.92 or words_num!=4) and count0:
browser.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id='imgCodeId']").click()
time.sleep(2)
print("识别认证码中...请稍等")
count += 1
browser.save_screenshot('All.png') # 截取当前网页，该网页有我们需要的验证码
save_image = Image.open("All.png") # 打开截图
result = save_image.crop(rangle)
result.save('result.jpg')
##增强图形识别率的处理
i2=Image.open(r"result.jpg")
imgry = i2.convert('L') #图像加强，二值化，PIL中有九种不同模式。分别为1，L，P，RGB，RGBA，CMYK，YCbCr，I，F。L为灰度图像
sharpness =ImageEnhance.Contrast(imgry)#对比度增强
i3 = sharpness.enhance(3.0) #3.0为图像的饱和度
i3.save("result.png")
##连接api获取返回结果
guess,probability,res = baidu_image_to_word('result.png') #连接百度api
words_num = len(guess)
print('第%d次猜测验证码,猜测结果为%s,猜测验证码个数为%d,置信度平均值为%f'%(count,guess,words_num,probability))
##保证返回结果里面含有刚好4个数字+字母的组合
check_num = 0;
for single in guess:
if single in all_num:
check_num += 1
if ' ' in guess:
if len(guess.replace(' ',''))==4 and check_num==4:
guess = guess.replace(' ','')
words_num = len(guess)
else:
print("pass！猜测个数不对或者猜测值不是数据和字母")
probability = 0
os.rename('result.png','result-%s-%s.png'%(guess,str(probability)[2:]))##将验证码图片重命名成含识别结果以及平均置信度的名字
time.sleep(2)
return guess
if __name__=="__main__":
## chrome_options=webdriver.ChromeOptions()
#### chrome_options.add_argument('--headless')##设置无界面
## browser = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options)
fireFoxOptions = webdriver.FirefoxOptions()
fireFoxOptions.set_headless()##设置无界面
browser = webdriver.Firefox(firefox_options=fireFoxOptions)
browser.get('http://icrm.baidu.com/crm-portal/index.action')
browser.maximize_window()
time.sleep(2)
mycode = get_code(browser)
browser.quit()