Spring Boot中MongoDB的使用和实战

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MongoDB是一个基于分布式文件存储的NoSQL数据库,由C++语言编写,旨在为Web应用提供可扩展的高性能数据存储解决方案。

MongoDB是一个介于关系数据库和非关系数据库之间的产品,是非关系数据库中功能最丰富最像关系数据库的,它支持的数据结构非常松散,是类似JSON的BSON格式,因此可以存储比较复杂的数据类型。Mongo最大的特点是它支持的查询语言非常强大,其语法有点类似与 面向对象的查询语言,几乎可以实现类似关系数据库单表查询的绝大部分功能,而且还支持对数据建立索引。

一:安装MongoDB

官方网站https://www.mongodb.com/downlad-center/community下载 

二:Spring Boot整合MongoDB

Spring对MongoDB的支持主要是通过Spring Data MongoDB实现的,Spring Data MongoDB提供了如下功能

1:对象/文档映射注解

2:MongoTemplate

提供了数据访问的方法

3:Repository

public interface PersonRepository extends MongoRepository{
}

实战进行增删改查

1:创建基于spring-boot-starter-data-mongodb依赖的Spring Boot应用

2:配置application.properties文件

server.servlet.context-path=/ch6_8
#让控制器输出的JSON字符串格式更美观
spring.jackson.serialization.indent-output=true 

3:创建领域模型

创建名为com.ch.ch6_8.domain的包 并在该包中创建领域模型Person以及人去过的Loation

Person代码如下

package com.ch.ch6_8.domain;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.data.annotation.Id;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.mapping.Document;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.mapping.Field;
@Document
public class Person {
	@Id
	private String pid;
	private String pname;
	private Integer page;
	private String psex;
	@Field("plocs")
	private List locations = new ArrayList();
	public Person() {
		super();
	}
	public Person(String pname, Integer page, String psex) {
		super();
		this.pname = pname;
		this.page = page;
		this.psex = psex;
	}
	public String getPid() {
		return pid;
	}
	public void setPid(String pid) {
		this.pid = pid;
	}
	public String getPname() {
		return pname;
	}
	public void setPname(String pname) {
		this.pname = pname;
	}
	public Integer getPage() {
		return page;
	}
	public void setPage(Integer page) {
		this.page = page;
	}
	public String getPsex() {
		return psex;
	}
	public void setPsex(String psex) {
		this.psex = psex;
	}
	public List getLocations() {
		return locations;
	}
	public void setLocations(List locations) {
		this.locations = locations;
	}
}

Location代码如下

package com.ch.ch6_8.domain;
public class Location {
	private String locName;
	private String year;
	public Location() {
		super();
	}
	public Location(String locName, String year) {
		super();
		this.locName = locName;
		this.year = year;
	}
	public String getLocName() {
		return locName;
	}
	public void setLocName(String locName) {
		this.locName = locName;
	}
	public String getYear() {
		return year;
	}
	public void setYear(String year) {
		this.year = year;
	}
}

4:创建数据访问接口

package com.ch.ch6_8.repository;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.repository.MongoRepository;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.repository.Query;
import com.ch.ch6_8.domain.Person;
public interface PersonRepository extends MongoRepository{
	Person findByPname(String pname);//支持方法名查询,方法名命名规范参照表6.1
	@Query("{'psex':?0}")//JSON字符串
	List selectPersonsByPsex(String psex);
}

5:创建控制器层

创建控制器类TestMongoDBController

package com.ch.ch6_8.controller;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import com.ch.ch6_8.domain.Location;
import com.ch.ch6_8.domain.Person;
import com.ch.ch6_8.repository.PersonRepository;
@RestController
public class TestMongoDBController {
	@Autowired
	private PersonRepository personRepository;
	@RequestMapping("/save")
	public List save() {
		List locations1 = new ArrayList();
		Location loc1 = new Location("北京","2019");
		Location loc2 = new Location("上海","2018");
		locations1.add(loc1);
		locations1.add(loc2);
		
		List locations2 = new ArrayList();
		Location loc3 = new Location("广州","2017");
		Location loc4 = new Location("深圳","2016");
		locations2.add(loc3);
		locations2.add(loc4);
		
		List persons = new ArrayList();
		Person p1 = new Person("陈恒1", 88, "男");
		p1.setLocations(locations1);
		Person p2 = new Person("陈恒2", 99, "女");
		p2.setLocations(locations2);
		persons.add(p1);
		persons.add(p2);
		
		return personRepository.saveAll(persons);
	}
	@RequestMapping("/findByPname")
	public Person findByPname(String pname) {
		return personRepository.findByPname(pname);
	}
	@RequestMapping("/selectPersonsByPsex")
	public List selectPersonsByPsex(String psex) {
		return personRepository.selectPersonsByPsex(psex);
	}
	@RequestMapping("/updatePerson")
	public Person updatePerson(String oldPname, String newPname) {
		Person p1 = personRepository.findByPname(oldPname);
		if(p1 != null)
			p1.setPname(newPname);
		return personRepository.save(p1);
	}
	@RequestMapping("/deletePerson")
	public void updatePerson(String pname) {
		Person p1 = personRepository.findByPname(pname);
		personRepository.delete(p1);
	}
}

运行主类后 可以使用MongoDB的图形界面管理工具MongoDB Compass打开查看已保存的数据

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