android之wifi移植全过程(一)

硬件环境     
                               WIFI模块:Marvell8686 SDIO WIFI
                              开发板:S5PC100     
                        软件环境
                               Linux 2.6.29  Android 2.1
项目目标:实现WIFI上网功能、并对WIFI休眠进行改善。
项目开发流程:
硬件分析:对Marvell8686 SDIO WIFI模块硬件工作特性了解和分析
工作原理分析:对Marvel8686 SDIO WIFI工作原理进行分析
Android WIFI框架分析:对Android WIFI系统框架分析
进行源码分析、编写、修改及编译
调试、并完善
 
 
 
 
 
一、1.编译内核,生成驱动模块
     在内核的根目录下执行make
     生成libertas.ko 和libertas_sdio.ko
     [*] Networking support  ---> 
         [*]   Wireless  ---> 
                 --- Wireless                                               
                <*>   Improved wireless configuration API                  
                 [*]     cfg80211 regulatory debugging                       
                 [*]     nl80211 new netlink interface support                                                                              
                 -*-   Common routines for IEEE802.11 drivers   
         Device Drivers  --->  
         [*] Network device support  ---> 
                Wireless LAN  --->  
               <*>   Marvell 8xxx Libertas WLAN driver support              (注:编译进内核,若模块则是:libertas.ko)       
                    Marvell Libertas 8385 and 8686 SDIO 802.11b/g cards  (注:编译成libertas_sdio.ko)
    
     2.编译内核,确保支持sd卡
        Device Drivers  ---
           <*> MMC/SD/SDIO card support  --->
             --- MMC/SD/SDIO card support                                    
             [*]   MMC debugging                                             
             [ ]   Allow unsafe resume (DANGEROUS)                           
             [*]   MMC embedded SDIO device support (EXPERIMENTAL)           
             [ ]   Enable paranoid SD card initialization (EXPERIMENTAL)     
                   *** MMC/SD/SDIO Card Drivers ***                          
             <*>   MMC block device driver                                   
             [*]     Use bounce buffer for simple hosts                      
             [ ]     Deferr MMC layer resume until I/O is requested          
             < >   SDIO UART/GPS class support                              
             < >   MMC host test driver                                       
                   *** MMC/SD/SDIO Host Controller Drivers ***               
             <*>   Secure Digital Host 
       3.make zImage
         make modules
        (libertas_sdio.ko在drivers/net/wireless/libertas目录下)
二、制作测试工具(使用静态编译)
    现在,sd卡支持了,驱动以内核自带的以模块的方式编译得到。
    接下来先编译几个测试工具。
    测试无线网卡用无线工具iwconfig iwlist等命令是通过开源软件wireless_tools_29.rar编译得到。        
    步骤:
    1.解压。由于这的是win32的压缩包,先在windows底下解压,再拷贝到Ubuntu下。
    2.修改Makefile:
           8   PREFIX = ./tools  //指定安装路径                  
           12  CC = arm-linux-gnu-gcc (和编译你的文件系统所用保持一致,需要注意的是,如果在执行sudo make 就要该编译链的绝对路 径)                                                                                                      
           14  AR = arm-linux-gnu-ar  
          
           #BUILD_STATIC = y          -->    BUILD_STATIC = y                                       
           #BUILD_STRIPPING = y       -->    BUILD_STRIPPING = y  
          
 
           CFLAGS=-Os -W -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-prototypes -Wshadow \         
                 -Wpointer-arith -Wcast-qual -Winline -I.
           在这后面添加新行:                             
           CFLAGS += -static
          
    3.make
    4.make install
      由于我是在当前目录下(PREFIX = ./tools) 产生的这个tools文件夹,
      查看有:
      lib sbin usr
      lib目录,libiw.a静态库 ;而sbin目录为一些网络工具,如:iwlist、iwconfig等
      到里面的sbin目录底下,
      $file iwlist  输出信息:iwlist: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1, statically linked, for GNU/Linux 2.4.3, strippe
      确保是静态的。
     
      然后将这些命令复制到android文件系统的/system/busybox/bin(就是out/target/prodruct/fs100/system/busybox/bin)
      或者system/bin(就是out/target/prodruct/fs100/system/bin)目录下就可以使用这些命令了。 
 
 三、将固件放到指定目录下。
     1.mkdir /system/etc/firmware(就是out/target/prodruct/fs100/system/etc/firmware)
     2.cp sd8686.bin sd8686_helper.bin  out/target/prodruct/fs100/system/etc/firmware
 
 四、测试,sdio卡是否可用。
     如果已经编译好了文件系统,就可以跳过第一步。
     1.编译android系统。
               1)在文件系统根目录下执行:
               liyulei@liyulei:~/anrdoid/fs/android_system$ . ./build/envsetup.sh
             注意这里两个’.’  之间有一个空格,第一个’.’指定用当前 shell 解析这个脚本,否则不能执行。
            2)配置板级信息:
            liyulei@liyulei:~/anrdoid/fs/android_system$ tapas
            就是上一步执行结束之后导出到环境变量里的命令,专门用来配置板级信息的。
             Build for the simulator or the device?
                    1. Device
                   2. Simulator
            Which would you like? [1] 1
            Build type choices are:
                   1. release
                   2. debug
            Which would you like? [1] 1
            Which product would you like? [fs100] fs100
            Variant choices are:
                   1. user
                   2. userdebug
                   3. eng
            Which would you like? [eng] eng
           
            确保输出的配置信息为:
            PLATFORM_VERSION_CODENAME=REL
            PLATFORM_VERSION=2.1-update1 
            TARGET_PRODUCT=fs_s5pc100    
            TARGET_BUILD_VARIANT=eng     
            TARGET_SIMULATOR=false       
            TARGET_BUILD_TYPE=release    
            TARGET_ARCH=arm              
            HOST_ARCH=x86                
            HOST_OS=linux                
            HOST_BUILD_TYPE=release      
            BUILD_ID= ERE27              
           
            3)开始编译(如果不能找到 mm,执行”source build/envsetup.sh”):
            liyulei@liyulei:~/anrdoid/fs/android_system$ mm
   
   2.重新生成文件系统镜像。
     liyulei@liyulei:~/anrdoid/fs/android_system$ ./make_fs100_yaffs2_image.sh
     就会在 Android 源码根目录下生成目录“fs100_root”,这个目录就是编译生成的 Android 文件系统, 
     调试时可以直接把这个目录作为 NFS-Server 的目录。还会生成一个“fs100_root.img”文件,这个文件就
     是 Android的 yaffs2 格式的镜像,可以烧写到 Nand Flash 上。
       这里我是烧写上fs100_root.img.
    
     3.手动加载驱动。
       由于sdio8686。需要加载两个.ko(libertas.ko、libertas_sdio.ko) 文件。
       上面linertas.ko的模块,我已经编进内核。
       所以我只需执行:
       1)/# insmod libertas_sdio.ko  
       输出信息:
       libertas_sdio: Libertas SDIO driver                                
     libertas_sdio: Copyright Pierre Ossman                             
     __func__ = if_sdio_prog_helper                                     
     libertas_sdio mmc1:0001:1: firmware: requesting sd8686_helper.bin  
     init: untracked pid 2137 exited                                    
     libertas_sdio mmc1:0001:1: firmware: requesting sd8686.bin         
     init: untracked pid 2140 exited                                    
     libertas: 00:0b:6c:91:a3:f6, fw 9.70.3p24, cap 0x00000303          
     libertas: unidentified region code; using the default (USA)        
     wlan0 (libertas_sdio): not using net_device_ops yet                
     libertas: PREP_CMD: command 0x00a3 failed: 2                       
     libertas: PREP_CMD: command 0x00a3 failed: 2                       
     libertas: wlan0: Marvell WLAN 802.11 adapter                       
    2)/# ifconfig -a 
       (要是提示:-a: No such device,则输入命令:system/busybox/sbin/ifconfig -a)   
    查看是否检测到无线网卡                          
           有如下信息说明检测到无线网卡                                   
             wlan0     Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0B:6C:91:A3:F6      
                       BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1            
                       RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 
                       TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
                       collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000                       
                       RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)             
    3)测试: 
         /#ifconfig wlan0 up                                                                                                          
        /#iwlist wlan0 scanning                                                                                                         
        /#iwconfig wlan0 essid "fs100"                                                                                                  
        /#ifconfig wlan0 192.168.1.99 netmask 255.255.255.0 up (静态分配ip,
         也可以动态分配,用DHCP)
         /#route add default gw 192.168.1.1(无线路由)
         /#ping 192.168.1.1           
    4)能够ping通后,说明sdio8686 wifi网卡没有问题
   
五、测试wpa_supplicant。
  因为现在的无线wifi网络大多是wpa加密。 所以需要用到wpa_supplicant。
    android系统中也自带有wpa_supplicant。
    wifi的大致架构是这样的,app-->java framework-->|jni|-->c++ framework -->wifi.c -->wpa_supplicant-->sdio8686.
    所以我们要先测试低层先通了,因此,就得先测试确保wpa_supplicant和sdio8686通了的。
    我们编译android系统时,就已经把自带的wpa_supplicant和wpa_cli编译好并放到system/bin目录下了.
    1.配置wpa_supplicant。
    在 liyulei@liyulei:~/anrdoid/fs/android_system/external/wpa_supplicant/在目录下有个wpa_supplicant.conf。
    将wpa_supplicant.conf放到out/target/product/fs100/system/etc 目录下。如果是烧到板子上的话,需要重烧板子。
    要是以网络挂载的方式,则放到相应的目录。
    #vim /rootfs/filesystem/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf          
                                                             
    修改内容如下:                                           
                                                             
    # WPA-PSK/TKIP                                           
                                                             
     ctrl_interface=/var/run/wpa_supplicant                   
                                                             
     network={                                                
                     ssid="fs100"     //填写无线网络的的用户名
                      key_mgmt=WPA-PSK                         
                      proto=WPA                                
                     pairwise=TKIP                            
                     group=TKIP                               
                     psk="1234567890" //填写密码              
     }                                                        
   
    2.#mkdir –p /var/run/wpa_supplicant
    3.确认是否加载驱动。
     用ifconfig -a查看是否已经创建wlan0这个节点。
      没有就把驱动加载进内核。
    4.创建连接暗文密码(PSK密码),通过明码转换                                                                    
      #cd /etc (该目录下要有 wpa_supplicant.conf)                                                                                                  
      #wpa_passphrase fs100 1234567890 >> wpa_supplicant.conf                                                   
      此时将在wpa_supplicant.conf文件中生成:                                                                    
      network={                                                                                                  
            ssid="fs100"                                                                                        
            #psk="1234567890" //此物为路由器中设定的人类能读得懂的密码,供我们使用                               
            psk=d290464a66df8541cee4f100627446177ee7ce5d9eb36981e4dff412730b2d5a //这个又1234567890转换后的psk密码
      }                                                                                                          
       -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<----
       ---->遇到问题:在测试过程中要用到wpa_passphrase这个命令程序。但是android并没提供wpa_passphrase       <----
       ---->这命令,我只通过wpa_supplicant-0.7.3这个源码包编译出这个命令。但是这个命令在开发板上执行        <----
       ---->不了(编译链不对)。我又找到android源码中有wpa_passphrase.c,而编译出来的路径下通过find         <----
       ---->命令去找这个wpa_passphrase又找不到。                                                            <----
       ---->解决办法:同过分析wpa_passphrase.c才发现,里面就短短的一个mian函数。有个提示                    <----
       ---->usage: wpa_passphrase [passphrase]\n""\nIf passphrase is left out, it will be read from "<----
     ---->"stdin\n                                                                                        <----
       ---->现在不用我说都知道了吧!所以这个在哪运行都可以,这命令就是为了通过ssid和passphrase得到暗文。    <----
       ---->所以我在Ubuntu底下直接执行:wpa_passphrase fs100 1234567890                                     <----
       ---->同样输出信息:network= {                                                                         <----                             
       ---->                          ssid="fs100"                                                          <----                             
       ---->                          #psk="1234567890"                                                     <----
       ---->                          psk=d290464a66df8541cee4f100627446177ee7ce5d9eb36981e4dff412730b2d5a  <----
       ---->                    }                                                                           <----                             
       -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<----- 
     5.然后修改wpa_supplicant.conf配置文件,把 psk="1234567890" 这一行明文密码改成生成的暗文密码,即:
               psk=d290464a66df8541cee4f100627446177ee7ce5d9eb36981e4dff412730b2d5a                  
                                                                                                     
       其它生成的多余信息删除,最后wpa_supplicant.conf文件如下:                                     
       # WPA-PSK/TKIP                                                                                
                                                                                              
       ctrl_interface=/var/run/wpa_supplicant                                                        
                                                                                              
       network={                                                                                     
                  ssid="FS2410"     //填写无线网络的的用户名                                         
                  key_mgmt=WPA-PSK                                                                   
                  proto=WPA                                                                          
                  pairwise=TKIP                                                                      
                  group=TKIP                                                                         
                 psk=d290464a66df8541cee4f100627446177ee7ce5d9eb36981e4dff412730b2d5a               
       }
      
     6.链接AP:
             在开发板终端输入wpa_supplicant回车,会显示帮助信息,最后有个:                        
             example:                                                                             
                   wpa_supplicant -Dwext -iwlan0 -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf                       
             拷贝example用法,执行:                                                              
             # wpa_supplicant -Dwext -iwlan0 -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf &(需要一直放在后台运行)   
             打印信息有:                                                                         
             Trying to associate with 00:26:f2:0d:5a:c4 (SSID='fs100' freq=2412 MHz)             
             Associated with 00:23:68:28:4e:a8                                                    
             CTRL-EVENT-DISCONNECTED bssid=00:23:68:28:4e:a8 reason=0                             
             Associated with 00:26:f2:0d:5a:c4                                                    
             WPA: Key negotiation completed with 00:26:f2:0d:5a:c4 [PTK=TKIP GTK=TKIP]            
             CTRL-EVENT-CONNECTED - Connection to 00:26:f2:0d:5a:c4 completed (auth) [id=0 id_str=]
                                                                                           
             分配IP地址:                                                                         
             #ifconfig wlan0 192.168.1.5  //也可以动态分配 dhclient wlan0                         
             再ping下网关,是否连接成功:                                                         
             #ping 192.168.1.1                                                                    
                                                                                            
             3 packets transmitted, 3 packets received, 0% packet loss                            
             round-trip min/avg/max = 17.627/20.023/24.631 ms                                     
             ……                                                                                 
                                                                                            
             无线网卡连接成功!

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