Nginx+Gunicorn+Venv+Supervisor+Django

项目路径：/home/zyh/projects/mytestProject1/mysite

一：添加虚拟环境venv

1. 切换到项目路径

    cd /home/zyh/projects/mytestProject1/mysite 
   

2. 新建虚拟环境python3_venv

    python -m venv python3_venv 
   

3. 激活

    source python3_venv/bin/activate
   

4. 下载项目所需第三方库

    pip install -r requirements.txt 
   

二：配置Gunicorn

1. 虚拟环境中安装gunicorn

    pip install gunicorn 
   

2. 测试开启服务（可选）：

    cd /home/zyh/projects/mytestProject1/mysite
    gunicorn mysite.wsgi:application --bind 127.0.0.1:9000 # 9000 为gunicorn端口
   

3. 编写gunicorn脚本文件(linux中:set ff=unix)

    1. cd /home/zyh/projects/mytestProject1/mysite
    2. touch gunicorn_start.sh # 新建gunicorn文件
   

4. 插入代码

    #!/bin/bash
    NAME="mysite"
    DIR=/home/zyh/projects/mytestProject1/mysite
    USER=zyh
    GROUP=zyh
    WORKERS=3
    BIND=127.0.0.1:9000
    DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=mysite.settings
    DJANGO_WSGI_MODULE=mysite.wsgi
    LOG_LEVEL=error
   
    cd $DIR 
    source ../python3_venv/bin/activate
    export DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=$DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE
    export PYTHONPATH=$DIR:$PYTHONPATH
      
    exec ../python3_venv/bin/gunicorn ${DJANGO_WSGI_MODULE}:application \
      --name $NAME \
      --workers $WORKERS \
      --bind=$BIND \
      --log-level=$LOG_LEVEL \
      --log-file=-
   

5. 修改权限为可执行模式

    sudo chmod u+x bin/gunicorn_start 
   

三：配置Supervisor

1. 虚拟环境中安装supervisor

    pip install supervisor
   

2. 生成配置文件

    cd /etc/supervisor
    echo_supervisord_conf > /etc/supervisord.conf 
    sudo vim supervisord.conf
   

3. 修改代码

    [unix_http_server]
    file=/var/run/supervisor.sock (修改成当前)
    [inet_http_server]         ; inet (TCP) server disabled by default
    port=0.0.0.0:8080        通过网页管理
    username=admin              
    password=admin              
   
   
    [supervisord]
    logfile=/var/log/supervisord.log(修改成当前)
    pidfile=/var/run/supervisord.pid(修改成当前)
    [supervisorctl]
    serverurl=unix:///var/run/supervisor.sock(修改成当前)
    最后一行改为：files = /etc/supervisor/conf.d/*.conf
   

4. 编辑自己的mysite.conf文件

    cd conf.d
    touch mysite.conf
   

   插入代码

    [program:mysite]
    directory=工作目录
    command=/home/zyh/projects/mytestProject1/mysite/gunicorn_start.sh（执行gunicorn文件）
    user=zyh
    autostart=true
    autorestart=true
    redirect_stderr=true
    stdout_logfile=/home/zyh/projects/mytestProject1/mysite/logs/robot.log
    stderr_logfile=/home/zyh/projects/mytestProject1/mysite/logs/err.log
    
    [program:celery]
    directory=/data_1/var/www/service_brain_model
    # -P为gevent或eventlet时，需要将beat和worker独立启动，-p=solo时不需要
    command=/bin/bash -c "source /data_1/var/www/venv/service_brain/bin/activate&&celery -A service_brain_model worker -B -l info  -P solo --without-gossip --without-mingle --without-heartbeat --logfile=logging/celery.log  --pidfile="
    autostart=true
    autorestart=true
    redirect_stderr=true
    stdout_logfile=/data_1/var/www/service_brain_model/logging/supervisor_celery_worker_access.log
    stderr_logfile=/data_1/var/www/service_brain_model/logging/supervisor_celery_worker.log
    environment=website_env=prod
    environment=PYTHONWARNINGS=ignore
    stopasgroup=true
    killasgroup=true
   
    
    ***********
   

5. 也可以直接在supervisord.conf中插入代码

   删除最后一行files = /etc/supervisor/conf.d/*.conf

    [program:mysite]
    command =/home/zyh/projects/mytestProject1/mysite/gunicorn_start.sh（执行gunicorn文件）
    user = zyh
    autostart=true
    autorestart=true
    redirect_stderr = true
    stdout_logfile =/home/zyh/projects/mytestProject1/mysite/logs/robot.log
    stderr_logfile=/home/zyh/projects/mytestProject1/mysite/logs/err.log
   

6. 新建logs文件夹

    cd /home/zyh/projects/mytestProject1/mysite
    mkdir logs
   

7. 调试

    启动 
    	$ supervisord -c /etc/supervisor/supervisord.conf 
    	$ sudo supervisorctl reread 
    	mysite: available 
    	$ sudo supervisorctl update 
    	mysite: added process group
    查看所有服务状态	 
    	$ sudo supervisorctl status
    	mysite RUNNING pid 18020, uptime 0:00:50 
    停止服务	
    	$ sudo supervisorctl stop mysite
    	mysite: stopped 
    开启服务
    	$ sudo supervisorctl start mysite 
    	mysite: started 
    重启服务
    	$ sudo supervisorctl restart mysite / reload(全部)
    	mysite: stopped 
    	mysite: started
   

四：配置Nginx

	# 规则示范
	访问测试uriA: /api/docs/
	访问测试uriB: /media/xxx.png/
	访问测试uriC: /frontC/login/
	访问测试uriD: /frontD/login/
	location / {
		 proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:9000/;  # A实际访问http://127.0.0.1:9000/api/docs/
	}
	location /api/ {
		 proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:9000/;  # A实际访问http://127.0.0.1:9000/docs/
	}
	location /api/ {
		 proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:9000/api/;  # A实际访问http://127.0.0.1:9000/api/docs/
	}
	location /media/ {
	    alias /home/zyh/mysite/meida/;  # B实际访问/home/zyh/mysite/meida/xxx.png
	}
	location /media/ {
	    alias /home/zyh/mysite/meida/;  # B实际访问/home/zyh/mysite/meida//xxx.png
	}
	location /media/ {
	    root /home/zyh/mysite/meida/;  # B实际访问/home/zyh/mysite/meida/meida/xxx.png
	}
	location /media {
	    root /home/zyh/mysite/meida/;  # B实际访问/home/zyh/mysite/meida/meida//xxx.png
	}
	location / {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html/test;
        index  login.html index.htm;
    }
    location /frontC {
        alias   /usr/share/nginx/html/project01/;
        index  login.html index.htm;
        }
    location /frontD {
        alias   /usr/share/nginx/html/project02/;
        index  login.html index.htm;
    }
    总结1.localtion 中末尾带/ 转发的末尾也要带/。
    总结2.alias访问的是什么文件名就去指定目录里找,location的路径不存在时使用;
    root访问的需要去指定目录末尾再加一级location去找,location的路径存在时使用。   

1. 下载

    sudo apt install nginx
   

2. 新建dj.conf文件

    cd /etc/nginx/sites-available/
    touch dj.conf
   

3. 插入代码

    server {
    listen 8000; # 监听端口(前端访问端口)
    server_name 192.168.153.189; # IP或者域名（前端访问）
    charset    utf-8;
    client_max_body_size 75M;
    location / {
    	 proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:9000; # gunicorn的bind
    	 proxy_set_header Host $host;
    	 proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    	 proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    }
    location /static {  #这里做了访问静态目录不走uwsgi/gunicorn
        #expires 30d;
        #autoindex on;
        #add_header Cache-Control private;
        alias /home/zyh/projects/mytestProject1/mysite/staticfiles/;  # django setting中static_root的路径
    	}
    }
   

4. 创建软连接

    sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/dj.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/dj.conf # 必须为绝对路径
   

5. 删除默认文件

    sudo rm /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default
   

6. 重启nginx

    sudo service nginx restart或sudo service nginx start
   

7.开机自启(可能已经自动添加了)

	vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
	写入:
	########################################
	[Unit]
	Description=nginx
	After=network.target
	  
	[Service]
	Type=forking
	ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
	ExecReload=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
	ExecStop=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s quit
	PrivateTmp=true
	  
	[Install]
	WantedBy=multi-user.target
	#########################################
	[Unit]:服务的说明
	Description:描述服务
	After:描述服务类别
	[Service]服务运行参数的设置
	Type=forking是后台运行的形式
	ExecStart为服务的具体运行命令
	ExecReload为重启命令
	ExecStop为停止命令
	PrivateTmp=True表示给服务分配独立的临时空间
	注意：[Service]的启动、重启、停止命令全部要求使用绝对路径
	[Install]运行级别下服务安装的相关设置，可设置为多用户，即系统运行级别为3
	
	开机自启：systemctl enable nginx.service
	查看状态：systemctl status nginx.service/sudo service nginx status

五：关于Django的静态文件

DEBUG = False

1. 项目下新建static，staticfiles文件夹

2. setting.py:

    STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'staticfiles')
    STATICFILES_DIRS = [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')]
   

3. url.py:

    from django.urls import path, re_path, include
    from django.conf.urls import url
    from django.contrib import admin
    from django.views import static
    from django.conf import settings
    urlpatterns = [
        #re_path(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
        #path('polls/', include('polls.urls')),
        url(r'^static/(?P.*)$', static.serve,  {'document_root': settings.STATIC_ROOT}, name='static') 或
    ]
    urlpatterns+=static(settings.MEDIA_URL,document_root=settings.MEDIA_ROOT),
    urlpatterns+=static(settings.STATIC_URL,document_root=settings.STATIC_ROOT)  
   

4. 设置nginx

    cd /etc/nginx/conf/
    vim xx.conf
    
    将所有.conf文件中server下添加：
    
    location /static {  #这里做了访问静态目录不走uwsgi/gunicorn
    		expires 30d; # 可选
    		autoindex on; # 可选
    		add_header Cache-Control private; # 可选
    		alias /home/zyh/projects/mytestProject1/mysite/staticfiles/;(django setting中static_root对应)    		}
   

5. 收集静态文件：

    python manage.py collectstatic 
    sudo service nginx restart # 重启nginx 
   

六：supervisor开机自启

1. 配置系统文件

    cd /lib/systemd/system
    vim supervisord.service 
   

2. 插入代码(可能已经自动添加了)

    [Unit]
    Description=Supervisord Service
   
    [Service]
    Type=forking
    ExecStart=/home/zyh/projects/mytestProject1/python3_venv/bin/supervisord -c /etc/supervisor/supervisord.conf
    ExecStop=/home/zyh/projects/mytestProject1/python3_venv/bin/supervisorctl $OPTIONS shutdown
    ExecReload=/home/zyh/projects/mytestProject1/python3_venv/bin/supervisorctl $OPTIONS reload
    KillMode=process
    Restart=on-failure
    RestartSec=42s
    
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target
   

3. 重新加载

    sudo systemctl daemon-reload
   

4. 激活开机启动

    sudo systemctl enable supervisord.service
   

七：常用命令

1. 后台运行‘cmd’

    $ nohup ‘cmd’  
   

2. 查看端口

    netstat -nlpt | grep 9090  
   

3. 查看关键字

    ps -aux | grep gunicorn  
   

4. kill 端口

    sudo fuser -k 8000/tcp
   

八：理解

客户通过nginx：8000端口提交请求，nginx将动态请求分给gunicorn：9000端口，gunicorn通过Django执行后台程序后返回response给nginx，再返回给客服端；将静态请求设置缓存。supervisor检测gunicorn是否一直处于运行状态。