rabbitmq消息发送模型
要素:
- 生产者
- 消费者
- 交换器:生产者将消息发送到交换器
- 队列:交换器通过某种路由规则绑定到指定队列,将消息加入队列,消费者从队列消费消息
前提:
引入rabbitmq的java客户端jar包
<dependency>
<groupId>com.rabbitmqgroupId>
<artifactId>amqp-clientartifactId>
<version>3.5.6version>
dependency>
一、消息生产者
1、代码:
1 package com.xxx.producer;
2
3 import java.io.IOException;
4 import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
5
6 import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
7 import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
8 import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
9
10 /**
11 * 消息生产者
12 */
13 public class HelloWorldProducer {
14 private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "helloQueue";
15 private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "helloExchange";
16
17 public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
18 ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();// 建立连接工厂
19 factory.setHost("192.168.20.238");// 设置rabbitmq服务器地址
20 factory.setPort(5672);// 设置rabbitmq服务器端口
21 factory.setUsername("zhaojigang");
22 factory.setPassword("wangna");
23 factory.setVirtualHost("zhaojigangvhost");
24
25 Connection connection = factory.newConnection();// 建立连接
26 Channel channel = connection.createChannel();// 建立信道
27
28 /**
29 * queueDeclare(String queue, boolean durable, boolean exclusive, boolean autoDelete, Map arguments)
30 * durable:队列是否持久化
31 * exclusive:当最后一个消费者取消订阅时,是否自动删除
32 * autoDelete:只有当前应用程序才能够消费队列消息(场景:限制一个队列只有一个消费者)
33 * arguments:other properties (construction arguments) for the queue
34 */
35 channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);// 创建队列(如果队列不存在,创建;如果存在,什么都不做)
36 /**
37 * exchangeDeclare(String exchange, String type, boolean durable, boolean autoDelete, Map arguments)
38 * exchange:交换器名字
39 * type:3种类型 direct/fanout/topic
40 */
41 channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "direct", false, false, null);
42
43 for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
44 String msg = "helloworld_" + i;// 创建消息
45 /**
46 * basicPublish(String exchange, String routingKey, BasicProperties props, byte[] body)
47 * exchange:交换器
48 * routingKey:路由键
49 * props:other properties for the message - routing headers etc
50 * body:消息体
51 */
52 channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, QUEUE_NAME, null, msg.getBytes());// 发布消息
53 System.out.println("发送消息:msg-->" + msg);
54 }
55
56 channel.close();// 关闭信道
57 connection.close();// 关闭连接
58 }
59 }
2、步骤:
- 创建并设置连接工厂
- host、port、username、password、vhost
- 值得注意的是,一定要现在rabbitmq server上把username和password设置好,并且开启该用户在指定vhost上的权限,才可以设置连接工厂成功
- 创建连接
- 创建信道
- 创建队列
- 创建交换器
- 创建(创建之后也可以配置消息)并发送消息
- 关闭信道
- 关闭连接
3、注意点:
-
queueDeclare方法:如果队列不存在,创建;如果存在,什么都不做
-
basicPublish:发布消息到指定的交换器,并制定路由规则(用于消费者部分的绑定操作)
二、消息消费者
1、代码:
1 package com.xxx.consumer;
2
3 import java.io.IOException;
4 import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
5
6 import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
7 import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
8 import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
9 import com.rabbitmq.client.Consumer;
10 import com.rabbitmq.client.DefaultConsumer;
11 import com.rabbitmq.client.Envelope;
12 import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP.BasicProperties;
13
14 /**
15 * 消息消费者
16 */
17 public class HelloWorldConsumer {
18 private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "helloQueue";
19 private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "helloExchange";
20
21 public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
22 ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();// 建立连接工厂
23 factory.setHost("192.168.20.238");// 设置rabbitmq服务器地址
24 factory.setPort(5672);// 设置rabbitmq服务器端口
25 factory.setUsername("zhaojigang");
26 factory.setPassword("wangna");
27 factory.setVirtualHost("zhaojigangvhost");
28
29 Connection connection = factory.newConnection();// 建立连接
30 Channel channel = connection.createChannel();// 建立信道
31
32 /**
33 * Note that we declare the queue here, as well.
34 * Because we might start the receiver before the sender,
35 * we want to make sure the queue exists before we try to consume messages from it.
36 */
37 channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);// 创建队列(如果队列不存在,创建;如果存在,什么都不做)
38 channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "direct", false, false, null);
39 /**
40 * queueBind(String queue, String exchange, String routingKey)
41 */
42 channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, QUEUE_NAME);
43 Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){
44 @Override
45 public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag,
46 Envelope envelope,
47 BasicProperties properties,
48 byte[] body) throws IOException {
49 String msg = new String(body,"UTF-8");
50 System.out.println("接收消息:msg-->" + msg);
51 }
52 };54 /**
55 * basicConsume(String queue, boolean autoAck, Consumer callback)
56 * autoAck true if the server should consider messages acknowledged once delivered;
57 * false if the server should expect explicit acknowledgements
* 这里启动一个consume,该consume会不断的接收消息,如果此处用while(true)包起来的话,就会不断的启动consume
58 */
59 channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, consumer);61
62 // channel.close();// 关闭信道
63 // connection.close();// 关闭连接
64 }
65 }
2、步骤:
- 创建并设置连接工厂
- host、port、username、password、vhost
- 创建连接
- 创建信道
- 创建队列
- 创建交换器
- 通过路由规则绑定队列和交换器
- 创建消息处理函数
- 从队列获取消息并消费消息(根据消息处理函数)
三、测试
1、启动rabbitmq服务器
2、启动消费者进程
3、启动生产者进程
4、查看console即可或者查看rabbitmq的webUI