【LeetCode】 140. Word Break II 单词拆分 II(Hard)(JAVA)每日一题

【LeetCode】 140. Word Break II 单词拆分 II(Hard)(JAVA)

题目地址: https://leetcode.com/problems/word-break-ii/

题目描述:

Given a non-empty string s and a dictionary wordDict containing a list of non-empty words, add spaces in s to construct a sentence where each word is a valid dictionary word. Return all such possible sentences.

Note:

  • The same word in the dictionary may be reused multiple times in the segmentation.
  • You may assume the dictionary does not contain duplicate words.

Example 1:

Input:
s = "catsanddog"
wordDict = ["cat", "cats", "and", "sand", "dog"]
Output:
[
  "cats and dog",
  "cat sand dog"
]

Example 2:

Input:
s = "pineapplepenapple"
wordDict = ["apple", "pen", "applepen", "pine", "pineapple"]
Output:
[
  "pine apple pen apple",
  "pineapple pen apple",
  "pine applepen apple"
]
Explanation: Note that you are allowed to reuse a dictionary word.

Example 3:

Input:
s = "catsandog"
wordDict = ["cats", "dog", "sand", "and", "cat"]
Output:
[]

题目大意

给定一个非空字符串 s 和一个包含非空单词列表的字典 wordDict,在字符串中增加空格来构建一个句子,使得句子中所有的单词都在词典中。返回所有这些可能的句子。

说明:

  • 分隔时可以重复使用字典中的单词。
  • 你可以假设字典中没有重复的单词。

解题方法

暴力解法
  1. 暴力解法就是通过迭代
  2. 抽取迭代公共方法:假如 string temp = s.substring(0, k) 在 wordDict 数组里面,下一步要怎么办呢?
  3. 就当做 s 的前面 k 个元素不存在,从 s 的第 k 个元素开始,重新做一遍 wordBreak 的操作(当然这里要保留前面得到的结果,不是真的重做)
class Solution {
    public List wordBreak(String s, List wordDict) {
        List res = new ArrayList<>();
        wH(res, s, 0, wordDict, ""); 
        return res;
    }

    public void wH(List res, String s, int index, List words, String cur) {
        if (s.length() <= index) {
            res.add(cur);
            return;
        }
        for (int i = index + 1; i <= s.length(); i++) {
            String temp = s.substring(index, i);
            if (!words.contains(temp)) continue;
            wH(res, s, i, words, cur.length() == 0 ? temp : (cur + " " + temp)); 
        } 
    }
}

超出时间限制

暴力解法优化
  1. 上面的暴力解法存在很多重复操作,所以妥妥的超出时间限制
  2. 比如 index = k 的地方,可能 a 支遍历过,b 支也要遍历一遍,就会造成 index = k 的地方重复遍历多遍,这就是浪费 (如:0->3->5->7, 0->5->7, 0->4->5->7, 就重复了很多次)
  3. 用一个 map 存起来,把 index = k 开始的可能答案存到一个 list 里面,就可以避免重复操作
class Solution {
    public List wordBreak(String s, List wordDict) {
        return wH(s, 0, wordDict, new HashMap<>()); 
    }

    public List wH(String s, int index, List words, Map> map) {
        List res = new ArrayList<>();
        if (index >= s.length()) {
            return res;
        }
        if (map.get(index) != null) return map.get(index);
        for (int i = index + 1; i <= s.length(); i++) {
            String temp = s.substring(index, i);
            if (!words.contains(temp)) continue;
            if (i == s.length()) {
                res.add(temp);
                continue;
            }
            List next = wH(s, i, words, map);
            for (int j = 0; j < next.size(); j++) {
                res.add(temp + " " + next.get(j));
            }
        }
        map.put(index, res);
        return res;
    }
}

执行用时:65 ms, 在所有 Java 提交中击败了 19.00% 的用户
内存消耗:39.3 MB, 在所有 Java 提交中击败了 48.73% 的用户

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