References:
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/315911/git-for-beginners-the-definitive-practical-guide
http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/
http://progit.org/book/
git安装、配置用户名邮箱、SSH服务器搭建
Create/List/Remove a new Project/Repository
gitinit将在当前目录创建一个隐藏的名为".git"的目录。gitinit将在当前目录创建一个隐藏的名为".git"的目录。 git init project1
等价于 mkdir project1 && cd project1 && git
initmkdir project1 && cd project1 && git init git status
检查当前目录是否包含一个git repols.git查看git目录ls.git查看git目录 rm -rf .git/
移除有关git的所有东西
Configure git to ignore files
.gitignore文件可以定义要忽略的文件。详细规则见http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/gitignore.html
过滤文件夹: /build/
过滤某种类型的文件: *.tmp
过滤某各文件: /Build/Products/test.app
!开头表示不过滤: !*.c , !/dir/subdir/
支持通配符: *.[oa] 过滤repo中所有以.o或者.a为扩展名的文件
有三种方法应用过滤:
对该repo的所有用户应用过滤:
将 .gitignore 文件放在工作目录的跟目录,编辑.gitignore完成后提交
git add .gitignore
仅对自己的repo备份过滤:
添加/编辑你工作目录的$GIT_DIR/info/exclude,例如你的working copy目录是
~/src/project1 , 则路径为
~/src/project1/.git/info/exclude
系统全局过滤
创建一个ignore文件,名字随意起,比如我的放在 ~/.gitglobalignore ,然后配置git:
$ core.excludesfile = ~/.gitglobalignore
.gitignore文件示例:
.DS_Store
### build directory
iMochaApp/build/
iMochaSDK/build/
### Testing projects directory
/Testing/
Getting the latest Code
$ git pull # fetches the code and merges it into
# your working directory
$ git fetch # fetches the code but does not merge
# it into your working directory
$ git pull --tag # same as above but fetch tags as well
$ git fetch --tag # you get the idea
Checking Out Code (clone)
$ git clone [email protected]/dir/to/repo [Target DirName]
Commit Changes
当修改了文件,你需要提交(commit)这些更改。
$ git commit source/main.c
上句将提交 ./source/ 目录下的 main.c 文件。
gitcommit−a−a标识表示提交所有修改过的文件,但是不提交新增加的文件。新增加的文件需要使用gitcommit−a−a标识表示提交所有修改过的文件,但是不提交新增加的文件。新增加的文件需要使用 git-add 将其添加到git的索引中。
“提交”仅改变你本地repo,如果要提交更改到服务器,需要使用push:
$ git push
查看当前状态
$ git status 可以查看当前工作与那个branch,将要提交什么,提醒你忘记了什么等等...
Undo/Revert/Reset a commit
如果不想让当前的更改生效,返回之前的提交,可以运行如下命令:
# Revert to a previous commit by hash:
$ git-reset --hard
可使用 HEAD^ 快捷指定上一次提交hash:
# Revert to previous commit:
$ git-reset --hard HEAD^
文件比较
比较命令是 $ git diff
# to compare 2 revisions of a file:
$ git diff
# to compare current staged file against the repository:
$ git diff --staged
#to compare current unstaged file against the repository:
$ git diff
How do you see the history of revisions to a file?
$ git log -- filename
git branch (分支)
git默认分支叫 master
# create a new branchgit branch
# to see a list of all branches in the cureent
repoitorygit branch # to see a list of all branches in the cureent repoitory git branch
# if you want to switch to another branch you can usegit
checkout # to create a new branch and switch to it
in one stepgit checkout # to create a new branch and switch to it in one step git checkout -b
# to delete a branch:git branch -d # to create a
branch with the changes from the current branch,do :git branch -d # to create a branch with the changes from the current branch,do : git stash
$ git stash branch
How do you merge branches?
if you want to merge a branch(e.g. "master" to "release"), make sure your current branch is the target branch you'd like to merge into(use gitbranchorgitbranchorgit status to see your current branch).
Then use
$ git merge master
(where master is the name of the branch you want to merge with the current branch).
If there are any conflicts, you can use
$ git diff
to see pending conflicts you have to resolve.
跟踪远程分支
假设你已经clone了一个具有 'some_branch' 分支的远端repo.下面的命令将本地跟踪这个分支:
# list remote branches
git branch -r
# start tracking one remote branch
git branch --track some_branch origin/some_branch
# change to the branch locally
git checkout some_branch
# make changes and commit them locally
....
# push your changes to the remote repository:
git push
创建远程分支
# create a new branch locally
git branch name_of_branch
git checkout name_of_branch
# edit/add/remove files
# ...
# Commit your changes locally
git add fileName
git commit -m Message
# push changes and new branch to remote repository:
git push origin name_of_branch:name_of_branch
删除远程分支
git push [远程名] :[分支名]
$ git push origin :mybranchname
本文转自张昺华-sky博客园博客,原文链接:http://www.cnblogs.com/sky-heaven/p/5197638.html,如需转载请自行联系原作者