概述
接着上一篇文章,我们继续探索消息发送的后续流程
消息转发(报错)
通过上一篇文章发现,都找不到的时候会返回一个forward_imp,
通过源码发现找到_objc_msgForward_impcache
,
const IMP forward_imp = (IMP)_objc_msgForward_impcache;
源码搜索objc_msgForward_impcache
STATIC_ENTRY __objc_msgForward_impcache
// No stret specialization.
b __objc_msgForward
END_ENTRY __objc_msgForward_impcache
ENTRY __objc_msgForward
adrp x17, __objc_forward_handler@PAGE
ldr p17, [x17, __objc_forward_handler@PAGEOFF]
TailCallFunctionPointer x17
END_ENTRY __objc_msgForward
然后会跳转objc_msgForward
知识补充:adrp
通过基地址 + 偏移 获得一个字符串(全局变量)
继续查找objc_forward_handler
objc_defaultForwardHandler(id self, SEL sel)
{
_objc_fatal("%c[%s %s]: unrecognized selector sent to instance %p "
"(no message forward handler is installed)",
class_isMetaClass(object_getClass(self)) ? '+' : '-',
object_getClassName(self), sel_getName(sel), self);
}
void *_objc_forward_handler = (void*)objc_defaultForwardHandler;
这里我们看到了一个iOS开发人员都熟知的报错提示 unrecognized selector sent to instance
,对就是它
方法动态解析
当然如果imp没有找到实现,系统还不会直接立马报错,还会寻找解析的机会,继续阅读lookimporforward
还会发现如下代码:
// No implementation found. Try method resolver once.
if (slowpath(behavior & LOOKUP_RESOLVER)) {
behavior ^= LOOKUP_RESOLVER;
return resolveMethod_locked(inst, sel, cls, behavior);
}
注释:如果没有实现,会尝试一次方法解析
继续查看resolveMethod_locked
static NEVER_INLINE IMP
resolveMethod_locked(id inst, SEL sel, Class cls, int behavior){
...
if (! cls->isMetaClass()) {
// try [cls resolveInstanceMethod:sel]
resolveInstanceMethod(inst, sel, cls);
}
else {
// try [nonMetaClass resolveClassMethod:sel]
// and [cls resolveInstanceMethod:sel]
resolveClassMethod(inst, sel, cls);
if (!lookUpImpOrNilTryCache(inst, sel, cls)) {
resolveInstanceMethod(inst, sel, cls);
}
}
...
}
- 如果是实例方法会先调用
resolveInstanceMethod
,看实例方法,有没有实现 - 进入
resolveClassMethod
方法,发现其与resolveInstanceMethod
实现十分相似;不同地方在于resolveInstanceMethod
里边需要类中实现一个类方法resolveInstanceMethod
,而resolveClassMethod
是需要在元类里实现一个对象方法resolveClassMethod
,因为类方法在元类中都是以对象方法的形式存在的;那么如何在元类中实现一个对象方法呢?只需要在当前类中实现类方法resolveClassMethod
即可:
实例方法动态实现:
+ (BOOL)resolveInstanceMethod:(SEL)sel
{
if (sel == @selector(teacherSay)) {
// return YES;
IMP r_teacherSay = class_getMethodImplementation(self, @selector(r_teacherSay));
Method method = class_getInstanceMethod(self, @selector(r_teacherSay));
const char *type = method_getTypeEncoding(method);
return class_addMethod(self, sel, r_teacherSay, type);
}
return NO;
}
- (void)r_teacherSay
{
NSLog(@"%s",__func__);
}
类方法动态解析实现
+ (BOOL)resolveClassMethod:(SEL)sel
{
if (sel == @selector(sayNB)) {
IMP r_teacherSay = class_getMethodImplementation(objc_getMetaClass("QHTeacher"), @selector(r_sayNB));
Method method = class_getInstanceMethod(self, @selector(r_sayNB));
const char *type = method_getTypeEncoding(method);
return class_addMethod(objc_getMetaClass("QHTeacher"), sel, r_teacherSay, type);
}
return NO;
}
+ (void)r_sayNB
{
NSLog(@"%s",__func__);
}
通过上面的源码我们发现,调用类方法的resolveClassMethod
后有调用了resolveInstanceMethod
,通过这个源码和isa分析,我们可以得出一个结论,无论是调用类方法还是实例方法,最终都会调用resolveInstanceMethod方法。这样我们就可以通过实现一个NSObject的分类,然后通过实现+ (BOOL)resolveInstanceMethod:(SEL)sel
,来处理所有的异常。而不用再每个类里面都去添加。
instrumentObjcMessageSends引出方法
在lookUpImpOrForward
这个方法里面找到imp
后会调用log_and_fill_cache
这个方法,改方法会通过objcMsgLogEnabled
来控制是否打印msg日志,全局搜索objcMsgLogEnabled
,这个参数会由instrumentObjcMessageSends
这个外部函数来控制:
extern void instrumentObjcMessageSends(BOOL flag);
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
@autoreleasepool {
QHPerson *person = [QHPerson alloc];
instrumentObjcMessageSends(YES);
[person sayHello];
instrumentObjcMessageSends(NO);
NSLog(@"Hello, World!");
}
return 0;
}
```objectivec
在看看打印的方法```logMessageSend```,
```objectivec
if (objcMsgLogFD == (-1))
{
snprintf (buf, sizeof(buf), "/tmp/msgSends-%d", (int) getpid ());
objcMsgLogFD = secure_open (buf, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, geteuid());
if (objcMsgLogFD < 0) {
// no log file - disable logging
objcMsgLogEnabled = false;
objcMsgLogFD = -1;
return true;
}
}
发现日志会保存到/tmp/
目录下,如下图:
消息快速转发forwardingTargetForSelector
通过上面的日志发现调用了forwardingTargetForSelector,发现在源码里面也没有找到该方法,那么查看一下苹果文档
翻译:如果一个对象实现(或继承)这个方法,并返回一个非nil(非self)结果,那么返回的对象将被用作新的接收方对象,消息调度将恢复到这个新对象(显然,如果您从这个方法返回self,代码将落入一个无限循环。)
代码展示:
QHPerson *p = [QHPerson alloc];
[p sayHello];
- (id)forwardingTargetForSelector:(SEL)aSelector
{
return [QHTeacher alloc];
}
将p对象里面没有实现的方法转发给QHTeacher对象
消息慢速转发forwardingTargetForSelector
翻译:返回一个
NSMethodSignature
对象,该对象包含由给定选择器标识的方法的描述
该方法会关联一个
forwardInvocation
方法
- (NSMethodSignature *)methodSignatureForSelector:(SEL)aSelector
{
if (aSelector == @selector(sayHello)) {
return [NSMethodSignature signatureWithObjCTypes:"v@:"];
}
return [super methodSignatureForSelector:aSelector];
}
- (void)forwardInvocation:(NSInvocation *)anInvocation
{
NSLog(@"%@-%@",anInvocation.target,NSStringFromSelector(anInvocation.selector));
[anInvocation invokeWithTarget:[QHStutent alloc]];
}
forwardInvocation也可以不用处理,程序也不会出现崩溃,但是也耗费程序性能,也不方便快速定位问题