linux进程创造 - 内核进程初始化及创建
1. 内核进程初始化
1.1 idle/swapper进程 - (pid：0)
内核的第一个进程叫idle进程或者swapper进程，这是初始化阶段从无到有创建的第一个内核进程，每个cpu都有一个进程0，当内核中没有其他进程运行时，就会调用该进程使得cpu处于idle状态，进程描述符为init_task，如下：
(init/init_task.c)
struct task_struct init_task = INIT_TASK(init_task);(include/linux/init_task.h)
#define INIT_TASK(tsk) \
{ \
.state = 0, \
.stack = &init_thread_info, \
.usage = ATOMIC_INIT(2), \
.flags = PF_KTHREAD, \
.prio = MAX_PRIO-20, \
.static_prio = MAX_PRIO-20, \
.normal_prio = MAX_PRIO-20, \
.policy = SCHED_NORMAL, \
.cpus_allowed = CPU_MASK_ALL, \
.nr_cpus_allowed= NR_CPUS, \
.mm = NULL, \
.active_mm = &init_mm, \
.restart_block = { \
.fn = do_no_restart_syscall, \
}, \
.se = { \
.group_node = LIST_HEAD_INIT(tsk.se.group_node), \
}, \
.rt = { \
.run_list = LIST_HEAD_INIT(tsk.rt.run_list), \
.time_slice = RR_TIMESLICE, \
}, \
.tasks = LIST_HEAD_INIT(tsk.tasks), \
INIT_PUSHABLE_TASKS(tsk) \
INIT_CGROUP_SCHED(tsk) \
.ptraced = LIST_HEAD_INIT(tsk.ptraced), \
.ptrace_entry = LIST_HEAD_INIT(tsk.ptrace_entry), \
.real_parent = &tsk, \
.parent = &tsk, \
.children = LIST_HEAD_INIT(tsk.children), \
.sibling = LIST_HEAD_INIT(tsk.sibling), \
.group_leader = &tsk, \
RCU_POINTER_INITIALIZER(real_cred, &init_cred), \
RCU_POINTER_INITIALIZER(cred, &init_cred), \
.comm = INIT_TASK_COMM, \
.thread = INIT_THREAD, \
.fs = &init_fs, \
.files = &init_files, \
.signal = &init_signals, \
.sighand = &init_sighand, \
.nsproxy = &init_nsproxy, \
.pending = { \
.list = LIST_HEAD_INIT(tsk.pending.list), \
.signal = {{0}}}, \
.blocked = {{0}}, \
.alloc_lock = __SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED(tsk.alloc_lock), \
.journal_info = NULL, \
.cpu_timers = INIT_CPU_TIMERS(tsk.cpu_timers), \
.pi_lock = __RAW_SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED(tsk.pi_lock), \
.timer_slack_ns = 50000, /* 50 usec default slack */ \
.pids = { \
[PIDTYPE_PID] = INIT_PID_LINK(PIDTYPE_PID), \
[PIDTYPE_PGID] = INIT_PID_LINK(PIDTYPE_PGID), \
[PIDTYPE_SID] = INIT_PID_LINK(PIDTYPE_SID), \
}, \
.thread_group = LIST_HEAD_INIT(tsk.thread_group), \
.thread_node = LIST_HEAD_INIT(init_signals.thread_head), \
INIT_IDS \
INIT_PERF_EVENTS(tsk) \
INIT_TRACE_IRQFLAGS \
INIT_LOCKDEP \
INIT_FTRACE_GRAPH \
INIT_TRACE_RECURSION \
INIT_TASK_RCU_PREEMPT(tsk) \
INIT_TASK_RCU_TASKS(tsk) \
INIT_CPUSET_SEQ(tsk) \
INIT_RT_MUTEXES(tsk) \
INIT_PREV_CPUTIME(tsk) \
INIT_VTIME(tsk) \
INIT_NUMA_BALANCING(tsk) \
INIT_KASAN(tsk) \
}1.2 init进程 - (pid：1)
init进程主要创建和监控其他运行进程的活动，它由进程0创建，并执行系统调用execve()装入可执行程序init。
内核进程init执行的函数为kernel_init
static int __ref kernel_init(void *unused)
{
int ret;
kernel_init_freeable();
/* need to finish all async __init code before freeing the memory */
async_synchronize_full();
free_initmem();
mark_readonly();
system_state = SYSTEM_RUNNING;
numa_default_policy();
flush_delayed_fput();
rcu_end_inkernel_boot();
if (ramdisk_execute_command) {
ret = run_init_process(ramdisk_execute_command);
if (!ret)
return 0;
pr_err("Failed to execute %s (error %d)\n",
ramdisk_execute_command, ret);
}
/*
* We try each of these until one succeeds.
*
* The Bourne shell can be used instead of init if we are
* trying to recover a really broken machine.
*/
if (execute_command) {
ret = run_init_process(execute_command);
if (!ret)
return 0;
panic("Requested init %s failed (error %d).",
execute_command, ret);
}
if (!try_to_run_init_process("/sbin/init") ||
!try_to_run_init_process("/etc/init") ||
!try_to_run_init_process("/bin/init") ||
!try_to_run_init_process("/bin/sh"))
return 0;
panic("No working init found. Try passing init= option to kernel. "
"See Linux Documentation/init.txt for guidance.");
}1.3 初始化
在init/main.c的start_kernel函数中执行内核进程的初始化
2. 内核进程创建
创建内核进程调用函数kernel_thread
(kernel/fork.c)
pid_t kernel_thread(int (*fn)(void *), void *arg, unsigned long flags)
{
return _do_fork(flags|CLONE_VM|CLONE_UNTRACED, (unsigned long)fn,
(unsigned long)arg, NULL, NULL, 0);
}change log
| date | content | linux |
|---|---|---|
| 2016.11.27 | 初创 | linux4.6.3 |