Kubernetes（k8s）高可用搭建
目录
- 一、系统基础设置
-
- 1.1、关闭防火墙
- 1.2、关闭selinux
- 1.3、关闭swap
- 1.4、设置hostname
- 1.5、将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链
- 1.6、 时间同步
- 1.7、 安装iproute-tc
- 二、所有master节点部署keepalived
-
- 2.1 安装相关包和keepalived
- 2.2配置master节点
- 2.3 启动和检查
- 三、 部署haproxy
-
- 3.1 安装
- 3.2 配置
- 3.3 启动和检查
- 四、 所有节点安装Docker/kubeadm/kubelet
-
- 4.1 安装Docker
- 4.2 cri-dockerd安装
- 4.3 添加阿里云YUM软件源
- 4.4 安装kubeadm，kubelet和kubectl
- 4.4 安装kubeadm-cni
- 五、部署Kubernetes Master
-
- 5.1 创建kubeadm配置文件
- 5.2 在master1节点执行
- 六、安装集群网络
-
- 七、master2节点加入集群
- 7.1 复制密钥及相关文件
- 7.2 master2加入集群
- 7.3master3加入集群
- 7.4检查状态
- 八、加入Kubernetes Node
-
- 8.1在node1、node2、node3上执行join命令
- 8.2集群网络重新安装，因为添加了新的node节点
- 8.3检查状态
- 九、测试kubernetes集群
一、系统基础设置
1.1、关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctldisable firewalld
1.2、关闭selinux
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config # 永久
setenforce 0 # 临时
1.3、关闭swap
swapoff -a # 临时
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab # 永久
1.4、设置hostname
hostnamectl set-hostname zxhy-master
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.0.15 zxhy-vip
192.168.0.14 zxhy-master
192.168.0.222 zxhy-slave1
192.168.0.77 zxhy-slave2
192.168.0.188 zxhy-slave3
192.168.0.193 zxhy-slave4
192.168.0.227 zxhy-slave5
EOF
1.5、将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl --system # 生效
1.6、 时间同步
yum install ntpdate -y
ntpdate time.windows.com
1.7、 安装iproute-tc
yum install iproute-tc -y
二、所有master节点部署keepalived
2.1 安装相关包和keepalived
yum install -y conntrack-tools libseccomp libtool-ltdl
yum install -y keepalived
2.2配置master节点
master1节点配置
cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf <<EOF
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id k8s
}
vrrp_script check_haproxy {
script "killall -0 haproxy"
interval 3
weight -2
fall 10
rise 2
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 250
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass ceb1b3ec013d66163d6ab
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.0.15
}
track_script {
check_haproxy
}
}
EOF
master2节点配置
cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf <<EOF
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id k8s
}
vrrp_script check_haproxy {
script "killall -0 haproxy"
interval 3
weight -2
fall 10
rise 2
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 250
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass ceb1b3ec013d66163d6ab
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.0.14
}
track_script {
check_haproxy
}
}
EOF
2.3 启动和检查
在三台master节点都执行
# 启动keepalived
$ systemctl start keepalived.service
设置开机启动
$ systemctl enable keepalived.service
# 查看启动状态
$ systemctl status keepalived.service
启动后查看master1的网卡信息
ip a s eth0
如果是云服务器搭建的话，记得云服务器管理平台上申请虚拟IP地址，然后绑定虚拟IP地址到三台主节点服务器上，然后添加相应的网络策略，否侧ping不通虚拟ip
三、 部署haproxy
3.1 安装
yum install -y haproxy
3.2 配置
两台master节点的配置均相同，配置中声明了后端代理的两个master节点服务器，指定了haproxy运行的端口为16443等，因此16443端口为集群的入口
cat > /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg << EOF
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Global settings
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
global
# to have these messages end up in /var/log/haproxy.log you will
# need to:
# 1) configure syslog to accept network log events. This is done
# by adding the '-r' option to the SYSLOGD_OPTIONS in
# /etc/sysconfig/syslog
# 2) configure local2 events to go to the /var/log/haproxy.log
# file. A line like the following can be added to
# /etc/sysconfig/syslog
#
# local2.* /var/log/haproxy.log
#
log 127.0.0.1 local2
chroot /var/lib/haproxy
pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid
maxconn 4000
user haproxy
group haproxy
daemon
# turn on stats unix socket
stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# common defaults that all the 'listen' and 'backend' sections will
# use if not designated in their block
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
defaults
mode http
log global
option httplog
option dontlognull
option http-server-close
option forwardfor except 127.0.0.0/8
option redispatch
retries 3
timeout http-request 10s
timeout queue 1m
timeout connect 10s
timeout client 1m
timeout server 1m
timeout http-keep-alive 10s
timeout check 10s
maxconn 3000
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# kubernetes apiserver frontend which proxys to the backends
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
frontend kubernetes-apiserver
mode tcp
bind *:16443
option tcplog
default_backend kubernetes-apiserver
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# round robin balancing between the various backends
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
backend kubernetes-apiserver
mode tcp
balance roundrobin
server zxhy-nacos 192.168.0.14:6443 check
server zxhy-redis 192.168.0.77:6443 check
server zxhy-mysql 192.168.0.222:6443 check
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# collection haproxy statistics message
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
listen stats
bind *:1080
stats auth admin:awesomePassword
stats refresh 5s
stats realm HAProxy\ Statistics
stats uri /admin?stats
EOF
3.3 启动和检查
三台master都启动
# 设置开机启动
$ systemctl enable haproxy
# 开启haproxy
$ systemctl start haproxy
# 查看启动状态
$ systemctl status haproxy
四、 所有节点安装Docker/kubeadm/kubelet
Kubernetes默认CRI（容器运行时）为Docker，因此先安装Docker。
4.1 安装Docker
$ wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
$ yum -y install docker-ce-24.0.5.el7
$ systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker
$ docker --version
Docker version 24.0.5, build e68fc7a
$ cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://6f09bd673d1d4e8d98dab0ab278fc7c2.mirror.swr.myhuaweicloud.com"]
}
EOF
4.2 cri-dockerd安装
下载 cri-dockerd 安装包
cd /opt
wget https://github.com/Mirantis/cri-dockerd/releases/download/v0.3.6/cri-dockerd-0.3.6.20231018204925.877dc6a4-0.el7.x86_64.rpm
安装服务
yum install -y cri-dockerd-0.3.6.20231018204925.877dc6a4-0.el7.x86_64.rpm
vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/cri-docker.service
#添加镜像源
--pod-infra-container-image=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.7
systemctl daemon-reload
vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/cri-docker.socket
查看服务启动状态
# 设置开机启动
$ systemctl enable cri-docker
# 开启cri-docker
$ systemctl start cri-docker
# 查看启动状态
$ systemctl status cri-docker
查看CRI服务是否被禁止
vi /etc/containerd/config.toml
#如果disabled_plugins中包含cri，删除“cri”即可
#disabled_plugins = [“cri”]
disabled_plugins = []
重启容器运行时
systemctl restart containerd
4.3 添加阿里云YUM软件源
$ cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
4.4 安装kubeadm，kubelet和kubectl
由于版本更新频繁，这里指定版本号部署：
$ yum install -y kubelet-1.24.7 kubeadm-1.24.7 kubectl-1.24.7
$ systemctl enable kubelet
4.4 安装kubeadm-cni
network plugin is not ready: cni config uninitialized
五、部署Kubernetes Master
5.1 创建kubeadm配置文件
在具有vip的master上操作，这里为master1
$ mkdir /usr/local/kubernetes/manifests -p
$ cd /usr/local/kubernetes/manifests/
$ vi kubeadm-config.yaml
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
kind: InitConfiguration
bootstrapTokens:
- groups:
- system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token
token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef
ttl: 24h0m0s
usages:
- signing
- authentication
localAPIEndpoint:
advertiseAddress: 192.168.0.14
bindPort: 6443
nodeRegistration:
criSocket: unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
name: zxhy-nacos
taints: null
---
apiServer:
certSANs:
- zxhy-nacos
- zxhy-redis
- zxhy-mysql
- zxhy-vip
- 192.168.0.14
- 192.168.0.222
- 192.168.0.77
- 192.168.0.15
- 127.0.0.1
extraArgs:
authorization-mode: Node,RBAC
timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
controlPlaneEndpoint: "zxhy-vip:16443"
controllerManager: {}
dns: {}
etcd:
local:
dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: v1.24.7
networking:
dnsDomain: cluster.local
podSubnet: 10.244.0.0/16
serviceSubnet: 10.1.0.0/16
scheduler: {}
5.2 在master1节点执行
$ kubeadm init --config kubeadm-config.yaml
export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
按照提示配置环境变量，使用kubectl工具：
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
$ kubectl get nodes
$ kubectl get pods -n kube-system
按照提示保存以下内容，一会要使用：
kubeadm join zxhy-vip:16443 --token gp4qgj.3x8wal0o2gmbcpis --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:af5fe3bb4f2ada51967c34053e94ed4c703287e3e26487d6d8dbe450a2550013 --cri-socket=unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock
#如果忘记复制，也可以利用这个命令重新生成下加入命令
kubeadm token create --print-join-command
六、安装集群网络
从官方地址获取到flannel的yaml，在master1上执行
mkdir /usr/local/kubernetes/manifests/flannel
cd /usr/local/kubernetes/manifests/flannel
wget -c https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
安装flannel网络
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
检查
kubectl get pods -n kube-system
七、master2节点加入集群
7.1 复制密钥及相关文件
从master1复制密钥及相关文件到master2
# ssh [email protected] mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd
# scp /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf [email protected]:/etc/kubernetes
# scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/{ca.*,sa.*,front-proxy-ca.*} [email protected]:/etc/kubernetes/pki
# scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.* [email protected]:/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd
7.2 master2加入集群
执行在master1上init后输出的join命令,需要带上参数--control-plane表示把master控制节点加入集群
kubeadm join zxhy-vip:16443 --token gp4qgj.3x8wal0o2gmbcpis --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:af5fe3bb4f2ada51967c34053e94ed4c703287e3e26487d6d8dbe450a2550013 --control-plane --cri-socket=unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock
按照提示配置环境变量，使用kubectl工具：
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
$ kubectl get nodes
$ kubectl get pods -n kube-system
7.3master3加入集群
跟节点2同样的操作
7.4检查状态
kubectl get node
kubectl get pods --all-namespaces
八、加入Kubernetes Node
8.1在node1、node2、node3上执行join命令
向集群添加新节点，执行在kubeadm init输出的kubeadm join命令：
kubeadm join zxhy-vip:16443 --token gp4qgj.3x8wal0o2gmbcpis --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:af5fe3bb4f2ada51967c34053e94ed4c703287e3e26487d6d8dbe450a2550013 --cri-socket=unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock
8.2集群网络重新安装，因为添加了新的node节点
所有节点加入完成后安装flannel网络
#进入flannel网络
cd /usr/local/kubernetes/manifests/flannel
#删除之前的网络
kubectl delete -f kube-flannel.yml
#重新初始化的网络
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
8.3检查状态
kubectl get node
kubectl get pods --all-namespaces
九、测试kubernetes集群
在Kubernetes集群中创建一个pod，验证是否正常运行：
$ kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx
$ kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort
$ kubectl get pod,svc