java连接数据库实现图书管理器

java连接数据库请转另一篇博客
https://blog.csdn.net/pig_boss/article/details/109731567

1.主界面类（Main_InterFace.java）：

package Student_SQLserver;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class Main_InterFace extends JFrame {
    public Main_InterFace() {
        setSize(550, 350);
        setLocation(500, 200);
        setResizable(false);
        setTitle("图书管理");
        setDefaultCloseOperation(3);
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());

        JPanel jPanel = new JPanel();
        JLabel jlTitle = new JLabel("图书管理器", JLabel.CENTER);

        jlTitle.setFont(new Font(null, 3, 30));

        jPanel.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 2, 10, 20));
//button.setFocusPainted(false);
        JButton btnInsert = new JButton("添加书籍");
        JButton btnDelete = new JButton("删除书籍");
        JButton btnSelect = new JButton("查找书籍");
        JButton btnUpdate = new JButton("修改书籍");
//按钮点击时是否绘制焦点，默认为true ，这里设置为false
        btnInsert.setFocusPainted(false);
        btnDelete.setFocusPainted(false);
        btnSelect.setFocusPainted(false);
        btnUpdate.setFocusPainted(false);


        Font font = new Font(null, 1, 20);
        Dimension dimen = new Dimension(200, 60);

        btnInsert.setPreferredSize(dimen);
        btnDelete.setPreferredSize(dimen);
        btnSelect.setPreferredSize(dimen);
        btnUpdate.setPreferredSize(dimen);

        btnInsert.setFont(font);
        btnDelete.setFont(font);
        btnSelect.setFont(font);
        btnUpdate.setFont(font);

        jPanel.add(btnInsert);
        jPanel.add(btnDelete);
        jPanel.add(btnSelect);
        jPanel.add(btnUpdate);
        add(jlTitle);
        add(jPanel);
//为按钮添加监听事件
        btnInsert.addActionListener(new MainInsert());
        btnDelete.addActionListener(new MainDelete());
        btnSelect.addActionListener(new MainSelect());
        btnUpdate.addActionListener(new MainUpdate());

        setVisible(true);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Main_InterFace();
    }

    //主界面——查询按钮监听事件
    private class MainSelect implements ActionListener {

        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            new Select();
        }
    }

    //主界面——删除按钮监听事件
    private class MainDelete implements ActionListener {

        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            new Delete();
        }
    }

    //主界面——插入按钮监听事件
    private class MainInsert implements ActionListener {

        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            new Insert();
        }
    }

    //主界面——修改按钮监听事件
    private class MainUpdate implements ActionListener {

        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            new Update();
        }
    }

}

2.连接数据库方法类（ToSQLserver.java）

package Student_SQLserver;

import java.sql.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;

public class ToSQLserver {
    public static Connection dbConn = null;
    public PreparedStatement statement = null;
    public ResultSet result = null;
    //这里除了一个错，ArrayList 不能只声明而不实例化，不然会发生空指针异常。
    public ArrayList<String> bookInfo = new ArrayList<>();
    public int success = 0;

    String dbURL = "jdbc:sqlserver://localhost:1433;DatabaseName=booksManager";
    String name = "sa";
    String passwd = "wry123";
    String toSelect = "select * from [BookInFo] where Bname=";

    public ToSQLserver() {
        try {
            //1.加载驱动
            //Class.forName方法的作用,就是初始化给定的类.而我们给定的MySQL的Driver类中,
            // 它在静态代码块中通过JDBC的DriverManager注册了一下驱动.我们也可以直接使用JDBC的驱动管理器注册mysql驱动.
            // 从而代替使用Class.forName.
            Class.forName("com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver");
            //2.连接
            dbConn = DriverManager.getConnection(dbURL, name, passwd);
            System.out.println("连接数据库成功");

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    //数据库查询方法，返回值为  ArrayList
    public ArrayList<String> selectmethod(String text1) {
        String uninSelect = toSelect + "'" + text1 + "'";
        System.out.println(uninSelect);
        try {
            statement = dbConn.prepareStatement(uninSelect);
            result = statement.executeQuery();
            System.out.println("查询成功");

            while (result.next()) {
                bookInfo.add(result.getString("Bno"));
                bookInfo.add(result.getString("Bname"));
                bookInfo.add(result.getString("Bauthor"));
                bookInfo.add(result.getString("Bclass"));
            }

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return bookInfo;
    }

    //插入数据方法
    public void insertmethod(ArrayList list) {
        //insert BookInfo(Bno,Bname,Bauthor,Bclass)values('0003','西游记','吴承恩','神话类')
        String toInsert = "insert BookInfo(Bno,Bname,Bauthor,Bclass)values";
        toInsert = toInsert + "('" + list.get(0) + "','" + list.get(1) + "','" + list.get(2)
                + "','" + list.get(3) + "')";
        try {
            statement = dbConn.prepareStatement(toInsert);
            success = statement.executeUpdate();

        } catch (SQLException throwables) {
            throwables.printStackTrace();
            success = 0;
        }
    }

    //修改数据方法
    public void updatemethod(ArrayList list) {
        //update BookInFo set Bname='水浒传',Bauthor='施耐庵',Bclass='历史类' where Bno='0004'
        String toUpdate = "update BookInFo set Bname=";
        toUpdate = toUpdate + "'" + list.get(1) + "',Bauthor='" + list.get(2) + "',Bclass='"
                + list.get(3) + "' where Bno='" + list.get(0) + "'";

        System.out.println(toUpdate);

        try {
            statement = dbConn.prepareStatement(toUpdate);
            success = statement.executeUpdate();

        } catch (SQLException throwables) {
            throwables.printStackTrace();
            success = 0;
        }
    }

    //删除数据方法
    public void deletemethod(ArrayList list){
        //delete from BookInfo where Bname='西游记'
        String toDelete="delete from BookInfo where Bname=";
        toDelete=toDelete+"'"+list.get(1)+"'";
        try {
            statement = dbConn.prepareStatement(toDelete);
            success = statement.executeUpdate();

        } catch (SQLException throwables) {
            throwables.printStackTrace();
            success = 0;
        }
    }
}

3.查询界面类（Select.java）：

package Student_SQLserver;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.util.ArrayList;

public class Select extends JFrame {
    //便于可以在按钮事件 SelectAction 内部类中访问
    private final JPanel jp;
    private final JTextField bname;
    //用数组接收查询结果，方便管理数据
    public ArrayList<String> sellist = new ArrayList<>();
    JLabel jlToast = new JLabel("", JLabel.CENTER);
    //将文本内容对象放到构造函数外面，便于可以在按钮事件 SelectAction 内部类中访问
    JTextArea textBno1 = new JTextArea();
    JTextArea textVname1 = new JTextArea();
    JTextArea textBauthor1 = new JTextArea();
    JTextArea textBclass1 = new JTextArea();


    public Select() {
        setSize(550, 350);
        setLocation(500, 200);
        setResizable(false);
        setTitle("查询书籍");
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());

        jp = new JPanel();//查询面板
        JPanel jpText = new JPanel();//查询结果面板
        JPanel jpToast = new JPanel();//查询是否成功面板

        jp.setLayout(new FlowLayout());//将JFrame设置为流式布局

        jpText.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 4, 10, 10));


        JLabel textBno = new JLabel("书号", JLabel.CENTER);
        JLabel textBname = new JLabel("书名", JLabel.CENTER);
        JLabel textBauthor = new JLabel("作者", JLabel.CENTER);
        JLabel textBclass = new JLabel("书类", JLabel.CENTER);

        Dimension dimen = new Dimension(120, 30);//构造一个大小对象

        textBno.setPreferredSize(dimen);
        textBname.setPreferredSize(dimen);
        textBauthor.setPreferredSize(dimen);
        textBclass.setPreferredSize(dimen);
        textBno1.setPreferredSize(dimen);
        textVname1.setPreferredSize(dimen);
        textBauthor1.setPreferredSize(dimen);
        textBclass1.setPreferredSize(dimen);

        jlToast.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(200, 40));//设置提示框大小
        jlToast.setFont(new Font(null, 1, 20));//设置提示文本字体
        jlToast.setForeground(Color.RED);//设置字体颜色

        JLabel toast = new JLabel("书名:");//文本框
        bname = new JTextField();
        JButton select = new JButton("查询");
        //设置编辑框的大小
        bname.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(250, 30));
        //按钮添加事件
        SelectAction selectAction = new SelectAction();
        select.addActionListener(selectAction);
        //输入查询组件
        jp.add(toast);
        jp.add(bname);
        jp.add(select);
        //查询结果显示组件
        jpText.add(textBno);
        jpText.add(textBname);
        jpText.add(textBauthor);
        jpText.add(textBclass);
        jpText.add(textBno1);
        jpText.add(textVname1);
        jpText.add(textBauthor1);
        jpText.add(textBclass1);
        //查询是否成功组件
        jpToast.add(jlToast);

//因为这个类是直接继承自JFrame，所以直接调用JFrame中的方法
        add(jp);
        add(jpText);
        add(jpToast);
        setVisible(true);//这段代码一般放在最后，设置窗口是否可见，默认是false
    }

//设置按钮监听类，继承自 ActionListener 接口
    private class SelectAction implements ActionListener {

        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            String bookName = bname.getText();

            ToSQLserver conSQL = new ToSQLserver();//实例化数据库查询类
            sellist = conSQL.selectmethod(bookName);
            System.out.println(sellist);
            if (sellist.size() != 0) {
                jlToast.setText("查询成功");
                textBno1.setText(sellist.get(0));
                textVname1.setText(sellist.get(1));
                textBauthor1.setText(sellist.get(2));
                textBclass1.setText(sellist.get(3));
            } else {
                jlToast.setText("抱歉，没有这本书");
                textBno1.setText(null);
                textVname1.setText(null);
                textBauthor1.setText(null);
                textBclass1.setText(null);
            }
            //将查询得到的数据添加到 JTextArea 对象上

            jp.updateUI();//更新界面显示查询结果
        }
    }
}

4.添加界面（Insert.java）：

package Student_SQLserver;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.util.ArrayList;

public class Insert extends JFrame {
    public JPanel jpText;
    public ArrayList<String> inlist = new ArrayList<>();

    JTextField textBno1 = new JTextField();
    JTextField textBname1 = new JTextField();
    JTextField textBauthor1 = new JTextField();
    JTextField textBclass1 = new JTextField();

    JLabel jlToast = new JLabel("", JLabel.CENTER);

    public Insert() {
        setSize(550, 350);
        setLocation(500, 200);
        setResizable(false);
        setTitle("添加书籍");
        setDefaultCloseOperation(3);
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());

        jpText = new JPanel();
        JPanel jp = new JPanel();
        JButton btnInsert = new JButton("添加");

        JLabel textBno = new JLabel("书号", JLabel.CENTER);
        JLabel textBname = new JLabel("书名", JLabel.CENTER);
        JLabel textBauthor = new JLabel("作者", JLabel.CENTER);
        JLabel textBclass = new JLabel("书类", JLabel.CENTER);


        jpText.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 4, 10, 10));
        jp.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 1, 0, 20));
        btnInsert.setFont(new Font(null, 1, 20));
        btnInsert.addActionListener(new InsettAction());

        jlToast.setForeground(Color.RED);
        jlToast.setFont(new Font(null, 1, 20));//设置提示文本字体
        jlToast.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(200, 40));//设置提示框大小

        Dimension dimen = new Dimension(120, 30);

        textBno.setPreferredSize(dimen);
        textBname.setPreferredSize(dimen);
        textBauthor.setPreferredSize(dimen);
        textBclass.setPreferredSize(dimen);
        textBno1.setPreferredSize(dimen);
        textBname1.setPreferredSize(dimen);
        textBauthor1.setPreferredSize(dimen);
        textBclass1.setPreferredSize(dimen);
        //添加书籍的数据加到面板中
        jpText.add(textBno);
        jpText.add(textBname);
        jpText.add(textBauthor);
        jpText.add(textBclass);
        jpText.add(textBno1);
        jpText.add(textBname1);
        jpText.add(textBauthor1);
        jpText.add(textBclass1);
        //按钮和提示框加入到一个面板中
        jp.add(btnInsert);
        jp.add(jlToast);

        add(jpText);
        add(new Label("----------------------------------------------------------------" +
                "--------------------------------------------------------------", Label.CENTER));
        add(jp);
        setVisible(true);
    }

    public class InsettAction implements ActionListener {

        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            inlist.add(textBno1.getText());
            inlist.add(textBname1.getText());
            inlist.add(textBauthor1.getText());
            inlist.add(textBclass1.getText());
            System.out.println(inlist);
            ToSQLserver conSQL = new ToSQLserver();
            conSQL.insertmethod(inlist);
            if (conSQL.success == 1) {
                jlToast.setText("添加成功");
            } else {
                jlToast.setText("添加失败");
            }

        }
    }

}

5.修改界面（Update.java）:

package Student_SQLserver;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.util.ArrayList;

public class Update extends JFrame {

    public JPanel jpText;
    public ArrayList<String> inlist = new ArrayList<>();

    JTextField textBno1 = new JTextField();
    JTextField textBname1 = new JTextField();
    JTextField textBauthor1 = new JTextField();
    JTextField textBclass1 = new JTextField();

    JLabel jlToast = new JLabel("", JLabel.CENTER);

    public Update() {
        setSize(550, 350);
        setLocation(500, 200);
        setResizable(false);
        setTitle("修改书籍");
        setDefaultCloseOperation(3);
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());

        jpText = new JPanel();
        JPanel jp = new JPanel();
        JButton btnInsert = new JButton("更新");

        JLabel textBno = new JLabel("书号", JLabel.CENTER);
        JLabel textBname = new JLabel("书名", JLabel.CENTER);
        JLabel textBauthor = new JLabel("作者", JLabel.CENTER);
        JLabel textBclass = new JLabel("书类", JLabel.CENTER);

        jpText.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 4, 10, 10));
        jp.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 1, 0, 20));
        btnInsert.setFont(new Font(null, 1, 20));
        btnInsert.addActionListener(new UpdateAction());

        jlToast.setForeground(Color.RED);
        jlToast.setFont(new Font(null, 1, 20));//设置提示文本字体
        jlToast.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(200, 40));//设置提示框大小

        Dimension dimen = new Dimension(120, 30);

        textBno.setPreferredSize(dimen);
        textBname.setPreferredSize(dimen);
        textBauthor.setPreferredSize(dimen);
        textBclass.setPreferredSize(dimen);
        textBno1.setPreferredSize(dimen);
        textBname1.setPreferredSize(dimen);
        textBauthor1.setPreferredSize(dimen);
        textBclass1.setPreferredSize(dimen);
        //添加书籍的数据加到面板中
        jpText.add(textBno);
        jpText.add(textBname);
        jpText.add(textBauthor);
        jpText.add(textBclass);
        jpText.add(textBno1);
        jpText.add(textBname1);
        jpText.add(textBauthor1);
        jpText.add(textBclass1);
        //按钮和提示框加入到一个面板中
        jp.add(btnInsert);
        jp.add(jlToast);

        add(jpText);
        add(new Label("----------------------------------------------------------------" +
                "--------------------------------------------------------------", Label.CENTER));
        add(jp);
        setVisible(true);
    }

    public class UpdateAction implements ActionListener {

        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            inlist.add(textBno1.getText());
            inlist.add(textBname1.getText());
            inlist.add(textBauthor1.getText());
            inlist.add(textBclass1.getText());
            System.out.println(inlist);
            ToSQLserver conSQL = new ToSQLserver();
            conSQL.updatemethod(inlist);
            if (conSQL.success == 1) {
                jlToast.setText("更新成功");
            } else {
                jlToast.setText("更新失败");
            }
        }
    }

}

6.删除界面（Delete.java）：

package Student_SQLserver;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.util.ArrayList;

public class Delete extends JFrame {
    public JPanel jpText;
    public ArrayList<String> inlist = new ArrayList<>();

    JTextField textBno1 = new JTextField();
    JTextField textBname1 = new JTextField();
    JTextField textBauthor1 = new JTextField();
    JTextField textBclass1 = new JTextField();

    JLabel jlToast = new JLabel("", JLabel.CENTER);

    public Delete() {
        setSize(550, 350);
        setLocation(500, 200);
        setResizable(false);
        setTitle("删除书籍");
        setDefaultCloseOperation(3);
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());

        jpText = new JPanel();
        JPanel jp = new JPanel();
        JButton btnInsert = new JButton("删除");

        JLabel textBno = new JLabel("书号", JLabel.CENTER);
        JLabel textBname = new JLabel("书名", JLabel.CENTER);
        JLabel textBauthor = new JLabel("作者", JLabel.CENTER);
        JLabel textBclass = new JLabel("书类", JLabel.CENTER);


        jpText.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 4, 10, 10));
        jp.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 1, 0, 20));
        btnInsert.setFont(new Font(null, 1, 20));
        btnInsert.addActionListener(new DeleteAction());

        jlToast.setForeground(Color.RED);
        jlToast.setFont(new Font(null, 1, 20));//设置提示文本字体
        jlToast.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(200, 40));//设置提示框大小

        Dimension dimen = new Dimension(120, 30);

        textBno.setPreferredSize(dimen);
        textBname.setPreferredSize(dimen);
        textBauthor.setPreferredSize(dimen);
        textBclass.setPreferredSize(dimen);
        textBno1.setPreferredSize(dimen);
        textBname1.setPreferredSize(dimen);
        textBauthor1.setPreferredSize(dimen);
        textBclass1.setPreferredSize(dimen);
        //添加书籍的数据加到面板中
        jpText.add(textBno);
        jpText.add(textBname);
        jpText.add(textBauthor);
        jpText.add(textBclass);
        jpText.add(textBno1);
        jpText.add(textBname1);
        jpText.add(textBauthor1);
        jpText.add(textBclass1);
        //按钮和提示框加入到一个面板中
        jp.add(btnInsert);
        jp.add(jlToast);

        add(jpText);
        add(new Label("----------------------------------------------------------------" +
                "--------------------------------------------------------------", Label.CENTER));
        add(jp);
        setVisible(true);
    }

    public class DeleteAction implements ActionListener {

        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            inlist.add(textBno1.getText());
            inlist.add(textBname1.getText());
            inlist.add(textBauthor1.getText());
            inlist.add(textBclass1.getText());
            System.out.println(inlist);
            ToSQLserver conSQL = new ToSQLserver();
            conSQL.deletemethod(inlist);
            if (conSQL.success == 1) {
                jlToast.setText("删除成功");
            } else {
                jlToast.setText("没有这本书");
            }

        }
    }
}

效果图：

ps:时间是个常数，但也是个变数。勤奋的人无穷多，懒惰的人无穷少。