（本文代码已升级至Swift5）
iOS开发经常会遇到读文件，写文件等，对文件和文件夹的操作，这时就可以使用FileManager，FileHandle等类来实现。
下面总结了各种常用的操作：
1、创建文件夹
- 方式1：
//let myDirectory:String = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/myFolder/Files"
let myDirectory:String = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/dongdong.text"
let fileManager = FileManager.default
//withIntermediateDirectories为ture表示路径中间如果有不存在的文件夹都会创建
try! fileManager.createDirectory(atPath: myDirectory, withIntermediateDirectories: true, attributes: nil)
- 方式2：
func createFolder(name:String,baseUrl:NSURL)
{
let manager = FileManager.default
let folder = baseUrl.appendingPathComponent(name, isDirectory: true)
print("文件夹: \(String(describing: folder))")
let exist = manager.fileExists(atPath: folder!.path)
if !exist {
try! manager.createDirectory(at: folder!, withIntermediateDirectories: true, attributes: nil)
}
}
//在文档目录下新建folder目录
let manager = FileManager.default
let urlForDocument = manager.urls(for: .documentDirectory, in:.userDomainMask)
let url = urlForDocument[0] as URL
createFolder(name: "folder", baseUrl: url as NSURL)
2、遍历一个目录下的所有文件
（1）首先我们获取用户文档目录路径
let manager = FileManager.default
let urlForDocument = manager.urls(for: .documentDirectory, in:.userDomainMask)
let url = urlForDocument[0] as URL
print(url)
（2）对指定路径执行浅搜索，返回指定目录路径下的文件、子目录及符号链接的列表
let manager = FileManager.default
let urlForDocument = manager.urls(for: .documentDirectory, in:.userDomainMask)
let url = urlForDocument[0] as URL
let contentsOfPath = try? manager.contentsOfDirectory(atPath: url.path)
print("contentsOfPath: \(String(describing: contentsOfPath))")
/// 打印结果：
contentsOfPath: Optional(["folder", "myFolder", "dongdong.text"])
（3）类似上面的，对指定路径执行浅搜索，返回指定目录路径下的文件、子目录及符号链接的列表
let contentsOfURL = try? manager.contentsOfDirectory(at: url,
includingPropertiesForKeys: nil, options: .skipsHiddenFiles)
print("contentsOfURL: \(String(describing: contentsOfURL))")
打印结果：(打印的是完整的路径)
contentsOfURL: Optional([file:///Users/lidong/Library/Developer/CoreSimulator/Devices/676601FF-C815-48B9-BDF6-2A1769047257/data/Containers/Data/Application/775BC978-3E8A-4D7C-9308-0951DF307E02/Documents/folder/, file:///Users/lidong/Library/Developer/CoreSimulator/Devices/676601FF-C815-48B9-BDF6-2A1769047257/data/Containers/Data/Application/775BC978-3E8A-4D7C-9308-0951DF307E02/Documents/myFolder/, file:///Users/lidong/Library/Developer/CoreSimulator/Devices/676601FF-C815-48B9-BDF6-2A1769047257/data/Containers/Data/Application/775BC978-3E8A-4D7C-9308-0951DF307E02/Documents/dongdong.text/])
（4）深度遍历，会递归遍历子文件夹（但不会递归符号链接）
let enumeratorAtPath = manager.enumerator(atPath: url.path)
print("enumeratorAtPath: \(String(describing: enumeratorAtPath?.allObjects))")
打印输出结果：enumeratorAtPath: Optional([folder, myFolder, myFolder/Files, dongdong.text])
（5）类似上面的，深度遍历，会递归遍历子文件夹（但不会递归符号链接）
let enumeratorAtURL = manager.enumerator(at: url, includingPropertiesForKeys: nil,
options: .skipsHiddenFiles, errorHandler:nil)
print("enumeratorAtURL: \(String(describing: enumeratorAtURL?.allObjects))")
打印输出结果：
enumeratorAtURL: Optional([file:///Users/lidong/Library/Developer/CoreSimulator/Devices/676601FF-C815-48B9-BDF6-2A1769047257/data/Containers/Data/Application/4766B1AF-040C-4589-8485-08CB706D35DF/Documents/folder/, file:///Users/lidong/Library/Developer/CoreSimulator/Devices/676601FF-C815-48B9-BDF6-2A1769047257/data/Containers/Data/Application/4766B1AF-040C-4589-8485-08CB706D35DF/Documents/folder/dong/, file:///Users/lidong/Library/Developer/CoreSimulator/Devices/676601FF-C815-48B9-BDF6-2A1769047257/data/Containers/Data/Application/4766B1AF-040C-4589-8485-08CB706D35DF/Documents/myFolder/, file:///Users/lidong/Library/Developer/CoreSimulator/Devices/676601FF-C815-48B9-BDF6-2A1769047257/data/Containers/Data/Application/4766B1AF-040C-4589-8485-08CB706D35DF/Documents/myFolder/Files/, file:///Users/lidong/Library/Developer/CoreSimulator/Devices/676601FF-C815-48B9-BDF6-2A1769047257/data/Containers/Data/Application/4766B1AF-040C-4589-8485-08CB706D35DF/Documents/dongdong.text/])
（6）深度遍历，会递归遍历子文件夹（包括符号链接，所以要求性能的话用enumeratorAtPath）
let subPaths = manager.subpaths(atPath: url.path)
print("subPaths: \(String(describing: subPaths))")
subPaths: Optional(["folder", "folder/dong", "myFolder", "myFolder/Files", "dongdong.text"])
3、判断文件或文件夹是否存在
let fileManager = FileManager.default
let filePath:String = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/folder"
let exist = fileManager.fileExists(atPath: filePath)
4、读取文件
let manager = FileManager.default
let urlsForDocDirectory = manager.urls(for: .documentDirectory, in:.userDomainMask)
let docPath = urlsForDocDirectory[0]
let file = docPath.appendingPathComponent("dong.txt")
//方法1
let readHandler = try! FileHandle(forReadingFrom:file)
let data = readHandler.readDataToEndOfFile()
let readString = String(data: data, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)
print("文件内容: \(String(describing: readString))")
//方法2
let data2 = manager.contents(atPath: file.path)
let readString2 = String(data: data2!, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)
print("文件内容: \(String(describing: readString2))")
5、将对象写入文件
可以通过write(to:)方法，可以创建文件并将对象写入，对象包括String，NSString，UIImage，NSArray，NSDictionary等。
（1）把String保存到文件
let filePath:String = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/xiaolv.txt"
let info = "坚持就是胜利，小驴拉磨"
try! info.write(toFile: filePath, atomically: true, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)
（2）把图片保存到文件路径下
let filePath = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/xiaolv.png"
let image = UIImage(named: "tupian.png")
let data:Data = image!.pngData()!
try? data.write(to: URL(fileURLWithPath: filePath))
（3）把NSArray保存到文件路径下
let array = NSArray(objects: "aaa","bbb","ccc")
let filePath:String = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/array.plist"
array.write(toFile: filePath, atomically: true)
（4）把NSDictionary保存到文件路径下
let dictionary:NSDictionary = ["Gold": "1st Place", "Silver": "2nd Place"]
let filePath:String = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/dictionary.plist"
dictionary.write(toFile: filePath, atomically: true)
6、创建文件
func createFile(name:String, fileBaseUrl:URL){
let manager = FileManager.default
let file = fileBaseUrl.appendingPathComponent(name)
print("文件: \(file)")
let exist = manager.fileExists(atPath: file.path)
if !exist {
let data = Data(base64Encoded:"aGVsbG8gd29ybGQ=" ,options:.ignoreUnknownCharacters)
let createSuccess = manager.createFile(atPath: file.path,contents:data,attributes:nil)
print("文件创建结果: \(createSuccess)")
}
}
//在文档目录下新建test.txt文件
let manager = FileManager.default
let urlForDocument = manager.urls( for: .documentDirectory,
in:.userDomainMask)
let url = urlForDocument[0]
createFile(name:"test.txt", fileBaseUrl: url)
//createFile(name: "folder/new.txt", fileBaseUrl: url)
7、复制文件
- 方法1
let fileManager = FileManager.default
let homeDirectory = NSHomeDirectory()
let srcUrl = homeDirectory + "/Documents/hangge.txt"
let toUrl = homeDirectory + "/Documents/copyed.txt"
try! fileManager.copyItem(atPath: srcUrl, toPath: toUrl)
- 方法2
// 定位到用户文档目录
let manager = FileManager.default
let urlForDocument = manager.urls( for:.documentDirectory, in:.userDomainMask)
let url = urlForDocument[0]
// 将test.txt文件拷贝到文档目录根目录下的copyed.txt文件
let srcUrl = url.appendingPathComponent("test.txt")
let toUrl = url.appendingPathComponent("copyed.txt")
try! manager.copyItem(at: srcUrl, to: toUrl)
8、移动文件
- 方法1
let fileManager = FileManager.default
let homeDirectory = NSHomeDirectory()
let srcUrl = homeDirectory + "/Documents/xiaolv.txt"
let toUrl = homeDirectory + "/Documents/moved/xiaolv.txt"
try! fileManager.moveItem(atPath: srcUrl, toPath: toUrl)
- 方法2
// 定位到用户文档目录
let manager = FileManager.default
let urlForDocument = manager.urls( for: .documentDirectory, in:.userDomainMask)
let url = urlForDocument[0]
let srcUrl = url.appendingPathComponent("xiaolv.txt")
let toUrl = url.appendingPathComponent("move.txt")
// 移动srcUrl中的文件（xiaolv.txt）到toUrl中（move.txt）
try! manager.moveItem(at: srcUrl, to: toUrl)
9、删除目录下所有的文件
- 方法1：获取所有文件，然后遍历删除
let fileManager = FileManager.default
let myDirectory = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/Files"
let fileArray = fileManager.subpaths(atPath: myDirectory)
for fn in fileArray!{
try! fileManager.removeItem(atPath: myDirectory + "/\(fn)")
}
- 方法2：方法2：删除目录后重新创建该目录
let fileManager = FileManager.default
let myDirectory = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/Files"
try! fileManager.removeItem(atPath: myDirectory)
try! fileManager.createDirectory(atPath: myDirectory, withIntermediateDirectories: true,
attributes: nil)
10、在任意位置写入数据
let manager = FileManager.default
let urlsForDocDirectory = manager.urls(for:.documentDirectory, in:.userDomainMask)
let docPath = urlsForDocDirectory[0]
let file = docPath.appendingPathComponent("dong.txt")
let string = "添加一些文字到文件末尾"
let appendedData = string.data(using: String.Encoding.utf8, allowLossyConversion: true)
let writeHandler = try? FileHandle(forWritingTo:file)
writeHandler!.seekToEndOfFile()
writeHandler!.write(appendedData!)
11、文件权限判断
let manager = FileManager.default
let urlForDocument = manager.urls(for: .documentDirectory, in:.userDomainMask)
let docPath = urlForDocument[0]
let file = docPath.appendingPathComponent("test.txt")
let readable = manager.isReadableFile(atPath: file.path)
print("可读: \(readable)")
let writeable = manager.isWritableFile(atPath: file.path)
print("可写: \(writeable)")
let executable = manager.isExecutableFile(atPath: file.path)
print("可执行: \(executable)")
let deleteable = manager.isDeletableFile(atPath: file.path)
print("可删除: \(deleteable)")
12、获取文件属性（创建时间，修改时间，文件大小，文件类型等信息）
let manager = FileManager.default
let urlForDocument = manager.urls(for: .documentDirectory, in:.userDomainMask)
let docPath = urlForDocument[0]
let file = docPath.appendingPathComponent("test.txt")
let attributes = try? manager.attributesOfItem(atPath: file.path) //结果为Dictionary类型
print("attributes: \(attributes!)")
从 attributes 中获取具体的属性：
print("创建时间：\(attributes![FileAttributeKey.creationDate]!)")
print("修改时间：\(attributes![FileAttributeKey.modificationDate]!)")
print("文件大小：\(attributes![FileAttributeKey.size]!)")
13、文件/文件夹比较
let manager = FileManager.default
let urlForDocument = manager.urls(for: .documentDirectory, in:.userDomainMask)
let docPath = urlForDocument[0]
let contents = try! manager.contentsOfDirectory(atPath: docPath.path)
//下面比较用户文档中前面两个文件是否内容相同（该方法也可以用来比较目录）
let count = contents.count
if count > 1 {
let path1 = docPath.path + "/" + (contents[0] as String)
let path2 = docPath.path + "/" + (contents[1] as String)
let equal = manager.contentsEqual(atPath: path1,andPath:path2)
print("path1：\(path1)")
print("path2：\(path2)")
print("比较结果： \(equal)")
}
原文链接：https://www.hangge.com/blog/cache/detail_527.html