为了解决这个严重的连接阻塞问题,出现了一个即为经典模式:Connection Per Thread。即对于每一个新的网络连接都分配一个线程,每个线程都独自处理自己负责的输入和输出,任何socket连接的输入和输出处理不会阻塞到后面新socket连接的监听和建立。早期版本的Tomcat服务器就是这样实现的。
这种模式的优点是解决了前面的新连接被严重阻塞的问题,在一定程度上极大地提高了服务器的吞吐量。但是对于大量的连接,需要消耗大量的现成资源,如果线程数太多,系统无法承受。而且线程的反复创建、销毁、线程的切换也需要代价。因此高并发应用场景下多线程OIO的缺陷是致命的,因此引入了Reactor反应器模式。
反应器模式由Reactor反应器线程、Handlers处理器两大角色组成:
Reactor反应器模式有点儿类似事件驱动模式,当有事件触发时,事件源会将事件dispatch分发到handler处理器进行事件处理。反应器模式中的反应器角色类似于事件驱动模式中的dispatcher事件分发器角色。
基于NIO实现单线程版本的反应器模式需要用到SelectionKey选择键的几个重要的成员方法:
Reactor实现示例:
package cn.ken.jredis;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.util.Set;
/**
*
*
*
*
* @author Ken-Chy129
* @since 2023/10/14 14:29
*/
public class Reactor implements Runnable {
final private Selector selector;
final private ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel;
public Reactor() {
try {
this.selector = Selector.open();
this.serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
serverSocketChannel.bind(new InetSocketAddress(8088));
// 注册ServerSocket的accept事件
SelectionKey sk = serverSocketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
// 为事件绑定处理器
sk.attach(new AcceptHandler());
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while (!Thread.interrupted()) {
selector.select();
Set<SelectionKey> selectionKeys = selector.selectedKeys();
for (SelectionKey selectedKey : selectionKeys) {
dispatch(selectedKey);
}
selectionKeys.clear();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
private void dispatch(SelectionKey selectedKey) {
Runnable handler = (Runnable) selectedKey.attachment();
// 此处返回的可能是AcceptHandler也可能是IOHandler
handler.run();
}
class AcceptHandler implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
SocketChannel socketChannel = serverSocketChannel.accept();
if (socketChannel != null) {
new IOHandler(selector, socketChannel); // 注册IO处理器,并将连接加入select列表
}
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Reactor().run();
}
}
Handler实现示例:
package cn.ken.jredis;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
/**
*
*
*
*
* @author Ken-Chy129
* @since 2023/10/14 14:53
*/
public class IOHandler implements Runnable {
final private SocketChannel socketChannel;
final private ByteBuffer buffer;
public IOHandler(Selector selector, SocketChannel channel) {
buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
socketChannel = channel;
try {
channel.configureBlocking(false);
SelectionKey sk = channel.register(selector, 0); // 此处没有注册感兴趣的事件
sk.attach(this);
sk.interestOps(SelectionKey.OP_READ); // 注册感兴趣的事件,下一次调用select时才生效
selector.wakeup(); // 立即唤醒当前阻塞select操作,使得迅速进入下次select,从而让上面注册的读事件监听可以立即生效
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
int length;
while ((length = socketChannel.read(buffer)) > 0) {
System.out.println(new String(buffer.array(), 0, length));
}
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
在单线程反应器模式中,Reactor反应器和Handler处理器都执行在同一条线程上(dispatch方法是直接调用run方法,没有创建新的线程),因此当其中某个Handler阻塞时,会导致其他所有的Handler都得不到执行。
既然Reactor反应器和Handler处理器在一个线程会造成非常严重的性能缺陷,那么可以使用多线程对基础的反应器模式进行改造。
MultiReactor:
package cn.ken.jredis;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
/**
*
*
*
*
* @author Ken-Chy129
* @since 2023/10/14 16:51
*/
public class MultiReactor {
private final ServerSocketChannel server;
private final Selector[] selectors = new Selector[2];
private final SubReactor[] reactors = new SubReactor[2];
private final AtomicInteger index = new AtomicInteger(0);
public MultiReactor() {
try {
server = ServerSocketChannel.open();
selectors[0] = Selector.open();
selectors[1] = Selector.open();
server.bind(new InetSocketAddress(8080));
server.configureBlocking(false);
SelectionKey register = server.register(selectors[0], SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
register.attach(new AcceptHandler());
reactors[0] = new SubReactor(selectors[0]);
reactors[1] = new SubReactor(selectors[1]);
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
private void startService() {
new Thread(reactors[0]).start();
new Thread(reactors[1]).start();
}
class SubReactor implements Runnable {
final private Selector selector;
public SubReactor(Selector selector) {
this.selector = selector;
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (!Thread.interrupted()) {
try {
selector.select();
Set<SelectionKey> selectionKeys = selector.selectedKeys();
for (SelectionKey selectionKey : selectionKeys) {
dispatch(selectionKey);
}
selectionKeys.clear();
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
}
private void dispatch(SelectionKey selectionKey) {
Runnable attachment = (Runnable) selectionKey.attachment();
if (attachment != null) {
attachment.run();
}
}
class AcceptHandler implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
SocketChannel socketChannel = server.accept();
new MultiHandler(selectors[index.getAndIncrement()], socketChannel);
if (index.get() == selectors.length) {
index.set(0);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
}
MultiHandler:
package cn.ken.jredis;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
/**
*
*
*
*
* @author Ken-Chy129
* @since 2023/10/14 17:28
*/
public class MultiHandler implements Runnable {
final private Selector selector;
final private SocketChannel channel;
final ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
static ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(4);
public MultiHandler(Selector selector, SocketChannel channel) {
this.selector = selector;
this.channel = channel;
try {
channel.configureBlocking(false);
SelectionKey register = channel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
register.attach(this);
selector.wakeup();
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
pool.execute(() -> {
synchronized (this) {
int length;
try {
while ((length = channel.read(buffer)) > 0) {
System.out.println(new String(buffer.array(), 0, length));
buffer.clear();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
});
}
}