二进制方式部署k8s集群(超详细)

环境准备

主机名	IP	操作系统	硬件配置
k8s-master	192.168.0.150	CentOS7.3 3.10	cpu:2核 内存:4G 硬盘:30G
k8s-node01	192.168.0.151	CentOS7.3 3.10	cpu:2核 内存:4G 硬盘:30G
k8s-node02	192.168.0.152	CentOS7.3 3.10	cpu:2核 内存:4G 硬盘:30G

 操作系统环境准备(k8s-master,k8s-node01,k8s-node02)

         禁用Selinux

 sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config

        禁用SWAP分区

 注释掉/etc/fstab中关于swap的内容

       确保三台服务器时间一致

 yum -y install ntpdate && ntpdate cn.ntp.org.cn

      修改内核参数

 cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF

net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1

net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1

EOF

sysctl --system

 加载ipvs模块

 modprobe -- ip_vs

modprobe -- ip_vs_rr

modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr

modprobe -- ip_vs_sh

modprobe -- nf_conntrack_ipv4

lsmod | grep ip_vs

lsmod | grep nf_conntrack_ipv4

yum install -y ipvsadm

 确保三台服务器可以上外网

 修改/etc/hosts

 cat >>/etc/hosts <

192.168.0.150 k8s-master

192.168.0.151 k8s-node01

192.168.0.152 k8s-node02

EOF

 更新系统systemd工具包

 yum -y update systemd

 关闭并且禁用防火墙

 systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable  firewalld

 安装Docker

 #移除旧版本docker
 yum remove docker \
                  docker-client \
                  docker-client-latest \
                  docker-common \
                  docker-latest \
                  docker-latest-logrotate \
                  docker-logrotate \
                  docker-engine
#安装docker repo源
 yum install -y yum-utils
 yum-config-manager \
    --add-repo \
    https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
#安装docker
  yum install -y docker-ce
#启动docker并设置开机启动
 systemctl start docker && systemctl enable docker
#测试docker
 docker info
#配置镜像加速器
 cat>/etc/docker/daemon.json < {
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://m81hcukn.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
#更改Docker的Cgroup为systemd
cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
 {
 "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
 }
#重启docker
 systemctl restart docker

配置ssh进行免密登录(k8s-master)

 [root@k8s-master ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
[root@k8s-master ~]# ssh-copy-id [email protected]
[root@k8s-master ~]# ssh-copy-id [email protected]

 重启三台服务器

 reboot

 配置工作目录（k8s-master）

 #每台机器都需要配置证书文件、组件的配置文件、组件的服务启动文件，现专门选择 k8s-master 来统一生成这些文件，然后再分发到其他机器

mkdir -p /data/work

 部署etcd集群

配置etcd工作目录

 mkdir -p /etc/etcd    #配置文件存放目录
mkdir -p /etc/etcd/ssl   #证书文件存放目录

 创建etcd证书

 #上传证书制作工具
[root@k8s-master work]# ls /data/work/
cfssl  cfssl-certinfo  cfssljson
#工具配置
[root@k8s-master work]# chmod +x cfssl*
[root@k8s-master work]# mv * /usr/local/bin/
#配置ca请求文件
[root@k8s-master work]# vim ca-csr.json 
{
  "CN": "kubernetes",
  "key": {
      "algo": "rsa",
      "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Shanghai",
      "L": "Shanghai",
      "O": "k8s",
      "OU": "system"
    }
  ],
  "ca": {
          "expiry": "87600h"
  }
}
#创建ca证书
[root@k8s-master work]# cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json  | cfssljson -bare ca
#配置ca证书策略
[root@k8s-master work]# vim ca-config.json
{
  "signing": {
      "default": {
          "expiry": "87600h"
        },
      "profiles": {
          "kubernetes": {
              "usages": [
                  "signing",
                  "key encipherment",
                  "server auth",
                  "client auth"
              ],
              "expiry": "87600h"
          }
      }
  }
}
#配置etcd请求csr文件
[root@k8s-master work]# vim etcd-csr.json
{
  "CN": "etcd",
  "hosts": [
    "127.0.0.1",
    "192.168.1.104",
    "192.168.1.107",
    "192.168.1.108"
  ],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [{
    "C": "CN",
    "ST": "Shanghai",
    "L": "Shanghai",
    "O": "k8s",
    "OU": "system"
  }]
}
#生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes etcd-csr.json | cfssljson  -bare etcd

 下载etcd软件包

 #下载
[root@master1 work]# wget https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.4.13/etcd-v3.4.13-linux-amd64.tar.gz
#解压
[root@master1 work]# tar -xf etcd-v3.4.13-linux-amd64.tar.gz 
#拷贝二进制文件
[root@master1 work]# cp -p etcd-v3.4.13-linux-amd64/etcd* /usr/local/bin/
#拷贝二进制到node01和node02
[root@master1 work]# scp etcd-v3.4.13-linux-amd64/etcd* 192.168.1.107:/usr/local/bin/
[root@master1 work]# scp etcd-v3.4.13-linux-amd64/etcd* 192.168.1.108:/usr/local/bin/

 创建配置文件

 

[root@k8s-master work]# vim etcd.conf
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd1"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.1.104:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.1.104:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379"

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.1.104:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.1.104:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd1=https://192.168.1.104:2380,etcd2=https://192.168.1.107:2380,etcd3=https://192.168.1.108:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"

注释:
ETCD_NAME：节点名称，集群中唯一
ETCD_DATA_DIR：数据目录
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS：集群通信监听地址
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS：客户端访问监听地址
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS：集群通告地址
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS：客户端通告地址
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER：集群节点地址
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN：集群Token
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE：加入集群的当前状态，new是新集群，existing表示加入已有集群

创建启动服务文件

 

[root@k8s-master work]# vim etcd.service
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/etcd/etcd.conf
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/etcd/
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/etcd \
  --cert-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem \
  --key-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem \
  --trusted-ca-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
  --peer-cert-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem \
  --peer-key-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem \
  --peer-trusted-ca-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
  --peer-client-cert-auth \
  --client-cert-auth
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

 同步相关文件到各个节点

 [root@k8s-master work]# cp ca*.pem /etc/etcd/ssl/
[root@k8s-master work]# cp etcd*.pem /etc/etcd/ssl/
[root@k8s-master work]# cp etcd.conf /etc/etcd/
[root@k8s-master work]# cp etcd.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
[root@k8s-master work]# for i in k8s-node01 k8s-node02;do scp -r /etc/etcd/ $i:/etc/;done
[root@k8s-master work]# for i in k8s-node01 k8s-node02;do scp etcd.service $i:/usr/lib/systemd/system/;done

 创建数据目录

 mkdir -p /var/lib/etcd/default.etcd

 node01和node02分别修改配置文件(etcd.conf)中etcd名字和ip，并创建目录 /var/lib/etcd/default.etcd

启动etcd集群

 k8s-master,k8s-node01,k8s-node02三个节点执行相同命令

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable etcd.service
systemctl start etcd.service
systemctl status etcd

 查看集群状态

 [root@k8s-master work]# ETCDCTL_API=3 /usr/local/bin/etcdctl --write-out=table --cacert=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem --key=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem --endpoints=https://192.168.1.104:2379,https://192.168.1.107:2379,https://192.168.1.108:2379 endpoint health

 kubernetes组件部署

下载安装包

 [root@k8s-master work]# wget https://dl.k8s.io/v1.20.1/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@k8s-master work]# tar -xf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz 
[root@k8s-master work]# cd kubernetes/server/bin/
[root@k8s-master bin]# cp kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler kubectl /usr/local/bin/
[root@k8s-master bin]# for i in k8s-node01 k8s-node02;do scp kubelet kube-proxy $i:/usr/local/bin/;done

 创建工作目录

 [root@k8s-master work]# mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/          # kubernetes组件配置文件存放目录
[root@k8s-master work]# mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/ssl     # kubernetes组件证书文件存放目录
[root@k8s-master work]# mkdir /var/log/kubernetes        # kubernetes组件日志文件存放目录

 部署api-server

创建csr请求文件
[root@k8s-master work]# vim kube-apiserver-csr.json
{
  "CN": "kubernetes",
  "hosts": [
    "127.0.0.1",
    "192.168.1.104",
    "192.168.1.107",
    "192.168.1.108",
    "192.168.1.109",
    "192.168.1.110",
    "192.168.1.111",
    "10.255.0.1",
    "kubernetes",
    "kubernetes.default",
    "kubernetes.default.svc",
    "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
    "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
  ],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Shanghai",
      "L": "Shanghai",
      "O": "k8s",
      "OU": "system"
    }
  ]
}

注：
如果 hosts 字段不为空则需要指定授权使用该证书的 IP 或域名列表。
由于该证书后续被 kubernetes master 集群使用，需要将master节点的IP都填上，同时还需要填写 service 网络的首个IP。(一般是 kube-apiserver 指定的 service-cluster-ip-range 网段的第一个IP，如 10.254.0.1)  

生成证书和token文件
[root@k8s-master work]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-apiserver-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-apiserver
[root@k8s-master work]# cat > token.csv << EOF
$(head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '),kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:kubelet-bootstrap"
EOF

创建配置文件
[root@k8s-master work]# vim kube-apiserver.conf
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,NodeRestriction,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,ResourceQuota \
  --anonymous-auth=false \
  --bind-address=192.168.1.104 \
  --secure-port=6443 \
  --advertise-address=192.168.1.104 \
  --insecure-port=0 \
  --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC \
  --runtime-config=api/all=true \
  --enable-bootstrap-token-auth \
  --service-cluster-ip-range=10.255.0.0/16 \
  --token-auth-file=/etc/kubernetes/token.csv \
  --service-node-port-range=30000-50000 \
  --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem  \
  --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem \
  --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem \
  --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem \
  --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
    --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem  \
  --service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local \
  --etcd-cafile=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
  --etcd-certfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem \
  --etcd-keyfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem \
  --etcd-servers=https://192.168.1.104:2379,https://192.168.1.107:2379,https://192.168.1.108:2379 \
  --enable-swagger-ui=true \
  --allow-privileged=true \
  --apiserver-count=3 \
  --audit-log-maxage=30 \
  --audit-log-maxbackup=3 \
  --audit-log-maxsize=100 \
  --audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-apiserver-audit.log \
  --event-ttl=1h \
  --alsologtostderr=true \
  --logtostderr=false \
  --log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \
  --v=4"
  
  注：
–logtostderr：启用日志
–v：日志等级
–log-dir：日志目录
–etcd-servers：etcd集群地址
–bind-address：监听地址
–secure-port：https安全端口
–advertise-address：集群通告地址
–allow-privileged：启用授权
–service-cluster-ip-range：Service虚拟IP地址段
–enable-admission-plugins：准入控制模块
–authorization-mode：认证授权，启用RBAC授权和节点自管理
–enable-bootstrap-token-auth：启用TLS bootstrap机制
–token-auth-file：bootstrap token文件
–service-node-port-range：Service nodeport类型默认分配端口范围
–kubelet-client-xxx：apiserver访问kubelet客户端证书
–tls-xxx-file：apiserver https证书
–etcd-xxxfile：连接Etcd集群证书
–audit-log-xxx：审计日志

创建服务启动文件
[root@k8s-master work]# vim kube-apiserver.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=etcd.service
Wants=etcd.service

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/kube-apiserver.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-apiserver $KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
Type=notify
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

同步相关文件
[root@k8s-master work]# cp ca*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
[root@k8s-master work]# cp kube-apiserver*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
[root@k8s-master work]# cp token.csv /etc/kubernetes/
[root@k8s-master work]# cp kube-apiserver.conf /etc/kubernetes/    
[root@k8s-master work]# cp kube-apiserver.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/

#启动服务
[root@k8s-master work]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@k8s-master work]# systemctl enable kube-apiserver
[root@k8s-master work]# systemctl start kube-apiserver
[root@k8s-master work]# systemctl status kube-apiserver
#测试
[root@k8s-master work]# curl --insecure https://192.168.1.104:6443/
有返回说明启动正常

部署kubectl

创建csr请求文件
[root@k8s-master work]# vim admin-csr.json
{
  "CN": "admin",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Shanghai",
      "L": "Shanghai",
      "O": "system:masters",             
      "OU": "system"
    }
  ]
}

说明：
后续 kube-apiserver 使用 RBAC 对客户端(如 kubelet、kube-proxy、Pod)请求进行授权；
kube-apiserver 预定义了一些 RBAC 使用的 RoleBindings，如 cluster-admin 将 Group system:masters 与 Role cluster-admin 绑定，该 Role 授予了调用kube-apiserver 的所有 API的权限；
O指定该证书的 Group 为 system:masters，kubelet 使用该证书访问 kube-apiserver 时 ，由于证书被 CA 签名，所以认证通过，同时由于证书用户组为经过预授权的 system:masters，所以被授予访问所有 API 的权限；
注：
这个admin 证书，是将来生成管理员用的kube config 配置文件用的，现在我们一般建议使用RBAC 来对kubernetes 进行角色权限控制， kubernetes 将证书中的CN 字段 作为User， O 字段作为 Group；
“O”: “system:masters”, 必须是system:masters，否则后面kubectl create clusterrolebinding报错。

生成证书
[root@k8s-master work]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare admin
[root@k8s-master work]# cp admin*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/

创建kubeconfig配置文件
kubeconfig 为 kubectl 的配置文件，包含访问 apiserver 的所有信息，如 apiserver 地址、CA 证书和自身使用的证书
设置集群参数
[root@k8s-master work]# kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://192.168.1.104:6443 --kubeconfig=kube.config
设置客户端认证参数
[root@k8s-master work]# kubectl config set-credentials admin --client-certificate=admin.pem --client-key=admin-key.pem --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=kube.config
设置上下文参数
[root@k8s-master work]# kubectl config set-context kubernetes --cluster=kubernetes --user=admin --kubeconfig=kube.config
设置默认上下文
[root@k8s-master work]# kubectl config use-context kubernetes --kubeconfig=kube.config
[root@k8s-master work]# mkdir ~/.kube
[root@k8s-master work]# cp kube.config ~/.kube/config
授权kubernetes证书访问kubelet api权限
[root@k8s-master work]# kubectl create clusterrolebinding kube-apiserver:kubelet-apis --clusterrole=system:kubelet-api-admin --user kubernetes

查看集群组件状态
[root@k8s-master work]# kubectl cluster-info
[root@k8s-master work]# kubectl get componentstatuses
[root@k8s-master work]# kubectl get all --all-namespaces

部署kube-controller-manager

创建csr请求文件
[root@k8s-master work]# vim kube-controller-manager-csr.json
{
    "CN": "system:kube-controller-manager",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "hosts": [
      "127.0.0.1",
      "192.168.1.104",
      "192.168.1.107",
      "192.168.1.108"
    ],
    "names": [
      {
        "C": "CN",
        "ST": "Shanghai",
        "L": "Shanghai",
        "O": "system:kube-controller-manager",
        "OU": "system"
      }
    ]
}
注：
hosts 列表包含所有 kube-controller-manager 节点 IP；
CN 为 system:kube-controller-manager、O 为 system:kube-controller-manager，kubernetes 内置的 ClusterRoleBindings system:kube-controller-manager 赋予 kube-controller-manager 工作所需的权限

#生成证书
[root@k8s-master work]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-controller-manager-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-controller-manager
[root@k8s-master work]# ls kube-controller-manager*.pem

#创建kube-controller-manager的kubeconfig
设置集群参数
[root@k8s-master work]# kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://192.168.1.104:6443 --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
设置客户端认证参数
[root@k8s-master work]# kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-controller-manager --client-certificate=kube-controller-manager.pem --client-key=kube-controller-manager-key.pem --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
设置上下文参数
[root@k8s-master work]# kubectl config set-context system:kube-controller-manager --cluster=kubernetes --user=system:kube-controller-manager --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
设置默认上下文
[root@k8s-master work]# kubectl config use-context system:kube-controller-manager --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig

#创建配置文件
[root@k8s-master work]# vim kube-controller-manager.conf
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--port=0 \
  --secure-port=10252 \
  --bind-address=127.0.0.1 \
  --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig \
  --service-cluster-ip-range=10.255.0.0/16 \
  --cluster-name=kubernetes \
  --cluster-signing-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --cluster-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
  --allocate-node-cidrs=true \
  --cluster-cidr=10.0.0.0/16 \
  --experimental-cluster-signing-duration=87600h \
  --root-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --service-account-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
  --leader-elect=true \
  --feature-gates=RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true \
  --controllers=*,bootstrapsigner,tokencleaner \
  --horizontal-pod-autoscaler-use-rest-clients=true \
  --horizontal-pod-autoscaler-sync-period=10s \
  --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager.pem \
  --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager-key.pem \
  --use-service-account-credentials=true \
  --alsologtostderr=true \
  --logtostderr=false \
  --log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \
  --v=2"
  
#创建启动文件
[root@k8s-master work]# vim kube-controller-manager.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-controller-manager $KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

#同步文件
[root@k8s-master work]# cp kube-controller-manager*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
[root@k8s-master work]# cp kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig /etc/kubernetes/
[root@k8s-master work]# cp kube-controller-manager.conf /etc/kubernetes/
[root@k8s-master work]# cp kube-controller-manager.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/

#启动服务
[root@k8s-master work]# systemctl daemon-reload 
[root@k8s-master work]# systemctl enable kube-controller-manager
[root@k8s-master work]# systemctl start kube-controller-manager
[root@k8s-master work]# systemctl status kube-controller-manager

部署kube-scheduler

#创建csr请求文件
[root@k8s-master work]# vim kube-scheduler-csr.json
{
    "CN": "system:kube-scheduler",
    "hosts": [
      "127.0.0.1",
      "192.168.1.104",
      "192.168.1.107",
      "192.168.1.108"
    ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
      {
        "C": "CN",
        "ST": "Shanghai",
        "L": "Shanghai",
        "O": "system:kube-scheduler",
        "OU": "system"
      }
    ]
}
注：
hosts 列表包含所有 kube-scheduler 节点 IP；
CN 为 system:kube-scheduler、O 为 system:kube-scheduler，kubernetes 内置的 ClusterRoleBindings system:kube-scheduler 将赋予 kube-scheduler 工作所需的权限

#生成证书
[root@k8s-master work]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-scheduler-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-scheduler
[root@k8s-master work]# ls kube-scheduler*.pem

#创建kube-scheduler的kubeconfig
设置集群参数
[root@k8s-master work]# kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://192.168.1.104:6443 --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
设置客户端认证参数
[root@k8s-master work]# kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-scheduler --client-certificate=kube-scheduler.pem --client-key=kube-scheduler-key.pem --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
设置上下文参数
[root@k8s-master work]# kubectl config set-context system:kube-scheduler --cluster=kubernetes --user=system:kube-scheduler --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
设置默认上下文
[root@k8s-master work]# kubectl config use-context system:kube-scheduler --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig

#创建配置文件
[root@k8s-master work]# vim kube-scheduler.conf
KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--address=127.0.0.1 \
--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig \
--leader-elect=true \
--alsologtostderr=true \
--logtostderr=false \
--log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \
--v=2"

#创建服务启动文件
[root@k8s-master work]# vim kube-scheduler.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/kube-scheduler.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-scheduler $KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

#同步文件
[root@k8s-master work]# cp kube-scheduler*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
[root@k8s-master work]# cp kube-scheduler.kubeconfig /etc/kubernetes/
[root@k8s-master work]# cp kube-scheduler.conf /etc/kubernetes/
[root@k8s-master work]# cp kube-scheduler.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/

#启动服务
[root@k8s-master work]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@k8s-master work]# systemctl enable kube-scheduler
[root@k8s-master work]# systemctl start kube-scheduler
[root@k8s-master work]# systemctl status kube-scheduler

下载依赖镜像(三个节点)

[root ~]# docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.2
[root ~]# docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.2 k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.2
[root ~]# docker rmi registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.2

[root ~]# docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:1.7.0
[root ~]# docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:1.7.0 k8s.gcr.io/coredns:1.7.0
[root ~]# docker rmi registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:1.7.0

部署kubelet

#创建kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
[root@k8s-master work]# BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=$(awk -F "," '{print $1}' /etc/kubernetes/token.csv)
设置集群参数
[root@k8s-master work]# kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://192.168.1.104:6443 --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
设置客户端认证参数
[root@k8s-master work]# kubectl config set-credentials kubelet-bootstrap --token=${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN} --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
设置上下文参数
[root@k8s-master work]# kubectl config set-context default --cluster=kubernetes --user=kubelet-bootstrap --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
设置默认上下文
[root@k8s-master work]# kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
创建角色绑定
[root@k8s-master work]# kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap --clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper --user=kubelet-bootstrap

创建配置文件

[root@k8s-master work]#  vim kubelet.json
{
  "kind": "KubeletConfiguration",
  "apiVersion": "kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1",
  "authentication": {
    "x509": {
      "clientCAFile": "/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem"
    },
    "webhook": {
      "enabled": true,
      "cacheTTL": "2m0s"
    },
    "anonymous": {
      "enabled": false
    }
  },
  "authorization": {
    "mode": "Webhook",
    "webhook": {
      "cacheAuthorizedTTL": "5m0s",
      "cacheUnauthorizedTTL": "30s"
    }
  },
  "address": "192.168.1.104",
  "port": 10250,
  "readOnlyPort": 10255,
  "cgroupDriver": "systemd",                  # 如果docker的驱动为systemd，处修改为systemd。此处设置很重要，否则后面node节点无法加入到集群
  "hairpinMode": "promiscuous-bridge",
  "serializeImagePulls": false,
  "featureGates": {
    "RotateKubeletClientCertificate": true,
    "RotateKubeletServerCertificate": true
  },
  "clusterDomain": "cluster.local.",
  "clusterDNS": ["10.255.0.2"]
}

创建启动文件

[root@k8s-master work]# vim kubelet.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=docker.service
Requires=docker.service

[Service]
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/kubelet
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kubelet \
  --bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig \
  --cert-dir=/etc/kubernetes/ssl \
  --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig \
  --config=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.json \
  --network-plugin=cni \
  --pod-infra-container-image=k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.2 \
  --alsologtostderr=true \
  --logtostderr=false \
  --log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \
  --v=2
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

注：
–hostname-override：显示名称，集群中唯一
–network-plugin：启用CNI
–kubeconfig：空路径，会自动生成，后面用于连接apiserver
–bootstrap-kubeconfig：首次启动向apiserver申请证书
–config：配置参数文件
–cert-dir：kubelet证书生成目录
–pod-infra-container-image：管理Pod网络容器的镜像

同步相关文件

[root@k8s-master work]# cp kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig /etc/kubernetes/
[root@k8s-master work]# cp kubelet.json /etc/kubernetes/
[root@k8s-master work]# cp kubelet.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/

[root@k8s-master work]# for i in k8s-node01 k8s-node02;do scp kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig kubelet.json $i:/etc/kubernetes/;done
[root@k8s-master work]# for i in k8s-node01 k8s-node02;do scp ca.pem $i:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/;done
[root@k8s-master work]# for i in k8s-node01 k8s-node02;do scp kubelet.service $i:/usr/lib/systemd/system/;done
注:
kubelet.json配置文件address改为各个节点的ip地址

启动服务

各个node节点上操作
[root@node1 ~]# mkdir /var/lib/kubelet
[root@node1 ~]# mkdir /var/log/kubernetes
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl enable kubelet
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl start kubelet
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl status kubelet

接着到master上Approve一下bootstrap请求

kubectl get csr
kubectl certificate approve node-csr-8lqeDx2tBKM2brxNYoz8pvyhLj_Lt2_u0n7_XcNzsOE
kubectl certificate approve node-csr-Ia8DBM1Fjdjp73GeGv4ccZIV2doRn8M5xF1kzhy7H-o

kubectl get node

部署kube-proxy

#创建csr请求文件
[root@k8s-master work]# vim kube-proxy-csr.json
{
  "CN": "system:kube-proxy",
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Shanghai",
      "L": "Shanghai",
      "O": "k8s",
      "OU": "system"
    }
  ]
}

#生成证书
[root@k8s-master work]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy
[root@k8s-master work]# ls kube-proxy*.pem

#创建kubeconfig文件
[root@k8s-master work]# kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://192.168.1.104:6443 --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
[root@k8s-master work]# kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy --client-certificate=kube-proxy.pem --client-key=kube-proxy-key.pem --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
[root@k8s-master work]# kubectl config set-context default --cluster=kubernetes --user=kube-proxy --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
[root@k8s-master work]# kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

#创建kube-proxy配置文件
[root@k8s-master work]# vim kube-proxy.yaml
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
bindAddress: 192.168.1.104
clientConnection:
  kubeconfig: /etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
clusterCIDR: 192.168.0.0/16                           # 此处网段必须与网络组件网段保持一致，否则部署网络组件时会报错
healthzBindAddress: 192.168.1.104:10256
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
metricsBindAddress: 192.168.1.104:10249
mode: "ipvs"

#创建服务启动文件
[root@k8s-master work]# vim kube-proxy.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kube-Proxy Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=network.target

[Service]
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/kube-proxy
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-proxy \
  --config=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.yaml \
  --alsologtostderr=true \
  --logtostderr=false \
  --log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \
  --v=2
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

#同步文件
[root@k8s-master work]# cp kube-proxy*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
[root@k8s-master work]# cp kube-proxy.kubeconfig kube-proxy.yaml /etc/kubernetes/
[root@k8s-master work]# cp kube-proxy.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
master节点不安装kube-proxy，则以上步骤不用执行
[root@k8s-master work]# for i in k8s-node01 k8s-node02;do scp kube-proxy.kubeconfig kube-proxy.yaml $i:/etc/kubernetes/;done
[root@k8s-master work]# for i in k8s-node01 k8s-node02;do scp kube-proxy.service $i:/usr/lib/systemd/system/;done

注：配置文件kube-proxy.yaml中address修改为各节点的实际IP

#启动服务
[root@node1 ~]# mkdir -p /var/lib/kube-proxy
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl enable kube-proxy
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl restart kube-proxy
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl status kube-proxy

配置网络组件

[root@k8s-master work]# wget https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.14/manifests/calico.yaml
[root@k8s-master work]# kubectl apply -f calico.yaml 

此时再来查看各个节点，均为Ready状态
kubectl get nodes 
kubectl get pods -A

部署coredns

#下载yaml文件
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coredns/deployment/master/kubernetes/coredns.yaml.sed

clusterIP为：10.255.0.2（kubelet配置文件中的clusterDNS）
[root@master1 work]# cat coredns.yaml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
  name: system:coredns
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - endpoints
  - services
  - pods
  - namespaces
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  annotations:
    rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
  name: system:coredns
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:coredns
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
data:
  Corefile: |
    .:53 {
        errors
        health {
          lameduck 5s
        }
        ready
        kubernetes cluster.local  in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa {
          fallthrough in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa
        }
        prometheus :9153
        forward . /etc/resolv.conf {
          max_concurrent 1000
        }
        cache 30
        loop
        reload
        loadbalance
    }
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
    kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
spec:
  # replicas: not specified here:
  # 1. Default is 1.
  # 2. Will be tuned in real time if DNS horizontal auto-scaling is turned on.
  strategy:
    type: RollingUpdate
    rollingUpdate:
      maxUnavailable: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kube-dns
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kube-dns
    spec:
      priorityClassName: system-cluster-critical
      serviceAccountName: coredns
      tolerations:
        - key: "CriticalAddonsOnly"
          operator: "Exists"
      nodeSelector:
        kubernetes.io/os: linux
      affinity:
         podAntiAffinity:
           preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
           - weight: 100
             podAffinityTerm:
               labelSelector:
                 matchExpressions:
                   - key: k8s-app
                     operator: In
                     values: ["kube-dns"]
               topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname
      containers:
      - name: coredns
        image: coredns/coredns:1.8.0
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        resources:
          limits:
            memory: 170Mi
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 70Mi
        args: [ "-conf", "/etc/coredns/Corefile" ]
        volumeMounts:
        - name: config-volume
          mountPath: /etc/coredns
          readOnly: true
        ports:
        - containerPort: 53
          name: dns
          protocol: UDP
        - containerPort: 53
          name: dns-tcp
          protocol: TCP
        - containerPort: 9153
          name: metrics
          protocol: TCP
        securityContext:
          allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
          capabilities:
            add:
            - NET_BIND_SERVICE
            drop:
            - all
          readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /health
            port: 8080
            scheme: HTTP
          initialDelaySeconds: 60
          timeoutSeconds: 5
          successThreshold: 1
          failureThreshold: 5
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /ready
            port: 8181
            scheme: HTTP
      dnsPolicy: Default
      volumes:
        - name: config-volume
          configMap:
            name: coredns
            items:
            - key: Corefile
              path: Corefile
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: kube-dns
  namespace: kube-system
  annotations:
    prometheus.io/port: "9153"
    prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
  labels:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
spec:
  selector:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
  clusterIP: 10.255.0.2
  ports:
  - name: dns
    port: 53
    protocol: UDP
  - name: dns-tcp
    port: 53
    protocol: TCP
  - name: metrics
    port: 9153
    protocol: TCP
[root@master1 work]# kubectl apply -f coredns.yaml 

 验证

#部署nginx
[root@k8s-master ~]# vim nginx.yaml 
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ReplicationController
metadata:
  name: nginx-controller
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    name: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        name: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: nginx
          image: nginx:1.19.6
          ports:
            - containerPort: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: nginx-service-nodeport
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 80
      targetPort: 80
      nodePort: 30001
      protocol: TCP
  type: NodePort
  selector:
    name: nginx
[root@master1 ~]# kubectl apply -f nginx.yaml
[root@master1 ~]# kubectl get svc
[root@master1 ~]# kubectl get pods

#访问nginx
http://192.168.1.107:30001/

#测试dns
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl exec -it nginx-controller-5rrjs -- /bin/bash
root@nginx-controller-5rrjs:/# apt-get update
root@nginx-controller-5rrjs:/# apt-get install inetutils-ping
root@nginx-controller-5rrjs:/# ping nginx-service-nodeport