linux调用堆栈函数,使用 backtrace 获得 Linux 函数调用栈

一、源码

使用 backtrace 获得 Linux 函数调用栈

源码来自:man backtrace

#include

#include

#include

#include

void myfunc3(void)

{

int j, nptrs;

#define SIZE 100

void *buffer[100];

char **strings;

nptrs = backtrace(buffer, SIZE);

printf("backtrace() returned %d addresses\n", nptrs);

/* The call backtrace_symbols_fd(buffer, nptrs, STDOUT_FILENO)

would produce similar output to the following: */

strings = backtrace_symbols(buffer, nptrs);

if (strings == NULL) {

perror("backtrace_symbols");

exit(EXIT_FAILURE);

}

for (j = 0; j < nptrs; j++)

printf("%s\n", strings[j]);

free(strings);

}

/* "static" means don't export the symbol... */

static void myfunc2(void)

{

myfunc3();

}

void myfunc(int ncalls)

{

if (ncalls > 1)

myfunc(ncalls - 1);

else

myfunc2();

}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])

{

if (argc != 2) {

fprintf(stderr, "%s num-calls\n", argv[0]);

exit(EXIT_FAILURE);

}

myfunc(atoi(argv[1]));

exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);

}

二、函数地址

编译并运行,只能看得函数地址:

$ gcc main.c

$ ./a.out 3

backtrace() returned 8 addresses

./a.out() [0x400844]

./a.out() [0x400912]

./a.out() [0x40093a]

./a.out() [0x400933]

./a.out() [0x400933]

./a.out() [0x400996]

/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xf0) [0x7f1eee52f830]

./a.out() [0x400749]

三、函数名称

尝试修改编译参数,然后运行,可以看得函数名称,但看不到行号:

$ gcc -rdynamic main.c

$ ./a.out 3

backtrace() returned 8 addresses

./a.out(myfunc3+0x2e) [0x400af4]

./a.out() [0x400bc2]

./a.out(myfunc+0x25) [0x400bea]

./a.out(myfunc+0x1e) [0x400be3]

./a.out(myfunc+0x1e) [0x400be3]

./a.out(main+0x59) [0x400c46]

/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xf0) [0x7fbfad119830]

./a.out(_start+0x29) [0x4009f9]

四、函数源文件和行号

尝试通过 addr2line 试图源文件名和行号,但依旧看不到:

$ addr2line 0x400af4 -e ./a.out -f

myfunc3

??:?

修改编译参数,添加调试信息,再次尝试,可以看到:

$ gcc -rdynamic main.c -g

$ ./a.out 3

backtrace() returned 8 addresses

./a.out(myfunc3+0x2e) [0x400af4]

./a.out() [0x400bc2]

./a.out(myfunc+0x25) [0x400bea]

./a.out(myfunc+0x1e) [0x400be3]

./a.out(myfunc+0x1e) [0x400be3]

./a.out(main+0x59) [0x400c46]

/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xf0) [0x7f7ce2c62830]

./a.out(_start+0x29) [0x4009f9]

likui@likui:~/dev/demo/trace$ addr2line 0x400af4 -e ./a.out -f

myfunc3

/home/likui/dev/demo/trace/main.c:13

五、例外:static 函数

但如果执行如下命令,会发现看不到 myfunc2 的信息。因为没有导出该函数符号。

$ ./a.out 2

backtrace() returned 7 addresses

./a.out(myfunc3+0x2e) [0x400af4]

./a.out() [0x400bc2]

./a.out(myfunc+0x25) [0x400bea]

./a.out(myfunc+0x1e) [0x400be3]

./a.out(main+0x59) [0x400c46]

/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xf0) [0x7f745daea830]

./a.out(_start+0x29) [0x4009f9]

参考

1. 利用backtrace和backtrace_symbols打印函数的调用关系:http://blog.csdn.net/wind19/article/details/6105617

2. 栈调用关系跟踪:http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-24774106-id-3457205.html

3. 高效获得Linux函数调用栈/backtrace的方法:http://blog.csdn.net/littlefang/article/details/42295803

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