k8s、二进制安装
二进制搭建 Kubernetes v1.20
k8s集群
master01：192.168.86.11 kube-apiserver 、kube-controller-manager 、kube-scheduler 、etcd
master02：192.168.86.33
node01：192.168.86.22 kubelet、 kube-proxy 、docker
node02：192.168.86.55 kubelet、 kube-proxy 、docker
etcd集群节点1：192.168.86.11 etcd
etcd集群节点2：192.168.86.22 etcd
etcd集群节点3：192.168.86.55 etcd
操作系统初始化配置
#关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
iptables -F && iptables -t nat -F && iptables -t mangle -F && iptables -X
#关闭selinux
setenforce 0
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
#关闭swap
swapoff -a
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab
#根据规划设置主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname master01
hostnamectl set-hostname master02
hostnamectl set-hostname node01
hostnamectl set-hostname node02
#在master添加hosts
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.86.11 master01
192.168.86.33 master02
192.168.86.22 node01
192.168.86.55 node02
EOF
#调整内核参数
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
#开启网桥模式，可将网桥的流量传递给iptables链
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
#关闭ipv6协议
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
EOF
sysctl --system
#时间同步
yum install ntpdate -y
ntpdate time.windows.com在 master01 节点上操作
#准备cfssl证书生成工具
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64 -O /usr/local/bin/cfssl
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64 -O /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 -O /usr/local/bin/cfssl-certinfo
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/cfssl*
生成Etcd证书 ###
mkdir /opt/k8s
cd /opt/k8s/
#上传 etcd-cert.sh 和 etcd.sh 到 /opt/k8s/ 目录中
chmod +x etcd-cert.sh etcd.sh
#创建用于生成CA证书、etcd 服务器证书以及私钥的目录
mkdir /opt/k8s/etcd-cert
mv etcd-cert.sh etcd-cert/
cd /opt/k8s/etcd-cert/
./etcd-cert.sh #生成CA证书、etcd 服务器证书以及私钥
ls
ca-config.json ca-csr.json ca.pem server.csr server-key.pem
ca.csr ca-key.pem etcd-cert.sh server-csr.json server.pem
#上传 etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz 到 /opt/k8s 目录中，启动etcd服务
https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.4.9/etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd /opt/k8s/
tar zxvf etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz
ls etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64
Documentation etcd etcdctl README-etcdctl.md README.md READMEv2-etcdctl.md
#创建用于存放 etcd 配置文件，命令文件，证书的目录
mkdir -p /opt/etcd/{cfg,bin,ssl}
cd /opt/k8s/etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64/
mv etcd etcdctl /opt/etcd/bin/
cp /opt/k8s/etcd-cert/*.pem /opt/etcd/ssl/
cd /opt/k8s/
./etcd.sh etcd01 192.168.86.11 etcd02=https://192.168.86.22:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.86.55:2380
#进入卡住状态等待其他节点加入，这里需要三台etcd服务同时启动，如果只启动其中一台后，服务会卡在那里，直到集群中所有etcd节点都已启动，可忽略这个情况
#可另外打开一个窗口查看etcd进程是否正常
ps -ef | grep etcd
#把etcd相关证书文件、命令文件和服务管理文件全部拷贝到另外两个etcd集群节点
scp -r /opt/etcd/ [email protected]:/opt/
scp -r /opt/etcd/ [email protected]:/opt/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service [email protected]:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service [email protected]:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
在 node01 节点上操作
vim /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd02" #修改
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.86.22:2380" #修改
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.86.22:2379" #修改
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.86.22:2380" #修改
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.86.22:2379" #修改
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=https://192.168.86.11:2380,etcd02=https://192.168.86.22:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.86.55:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
#启动etcd服务
systemctl start etcd
systemctl enable etcd ##systemctl enable --now etcd
systemctl status etcd
systemctl在enable、disable、mask子命令里面增加了--now选项，可以激活同时启动服务，激活同时停止服务等。
#部署 docker引擎
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
systemctl start docker.service
systemctl enable docker.service在 node02 节点上操作
vim /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd03" #修改
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.86.55:2380" #修改
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.86.55:2379" #修改
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.86.55:2380" #修改
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.86.55:2379" #修改
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=https://192.168.86.11:2380,etcd02=https://192.168.86.22:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.86.55:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
#启动etcd服务
systemctl start etcd
systemctl enable etcd
systemctl status etcd
#部署 docker引擎
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
systemctl start docker.service
systemctl enable docker.service#检查etcd群集状态
ETCDCTL_API=3 /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.86.11:2379,https://192.168.86.22:2379,https://192.168.86.55:2379" endpoint health --write-out=table
ETCDCTL_API=3 /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.86.11:2379,https://192.168.86.22:2379,https://192.168.86.55:2379" endpoint status --write-out=table#查看etcd集群成员列表
ETCDCTL_API=3 /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.86.11:2379,https://192.168.86.22:2379,https://192.168.86.55:2379" --write-out=table member list部署 Master 组件
在 master01 节点上操作
#上传 master.zip 和 k8s-cert.sh 到 /opt/k8s 目录中，解压 master.zip 压缩包
cd /opt/k8s/
unzip master.zip
chmod +x *.sh
#创建kubernetes工作目录
mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}
#创建用于生成CA证书、相关组件的证书和私钥的目录
mkdir /opt/k8s/k8s-cert
mv /opt/k8s/k8s-cert.sh /opt/k8s/k8s-cert
cd /opt/k8s/k8s-cert/
./k8s-cert.sh #生成CA证书、相关组件的证书和私钥
ls *pem
admin-key.pem apiserver-key.pem ca-key.pem kube-proxy-key.pem
admin.pem apiserver.pem ca.pem kube-proxy.pem
#复制CA证书、apiserver相关证书和私钥到 kubernetes工作目录的 ssl 子目录中
cp ca*pem apiserver*pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/
#上传 kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz 到 /opt/k8s/ 目录中，解压 kubernetes 压缩包
cd /opt/k8s/
tar zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
#复制master组件的关键命令文件到 kubernetes工作目录的 bin 子目录中
cd /opt/k8s/kubernetes/server/bin
cp kube-apiserver kubectl kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler /opt/kubernetes/bin/
ln -s /opt/kubernetes/bin/* /usr/local/bin/
#创建 bootstrap token 认证文件，apiserver 启动时会调用，然后就相当于在集群内创建了一个这个用户，接下来就可以用 RBAC 给他授权
cd /opt/k8s/
vim token.sh
#!/bin/bash
#获取随机数前16个字节内容，以十六进制格式输出，并删除其中空格
BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=$(head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' ')
#生成 token.csv 文件，按照 Token序列号,用户名,UID,用户组 的格式生成
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv <部署 CoreDNS
CoreDNS：可以为集群中的 service 资源创建一个域名 与 IP 的对应关系解析
在所有 node 节点上操作
#上传 coredns.tar 到 /opt 目录中
cd /opt
docker load -i coredns.tar在 master01 节点上操作
#上传 coredns.yaml 文件到 /opt/k8s 目录中，部署 CoreDNS
cd /opt/k8s
kubectl apply -f coredns.yaml
kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
coredns-5ffbfd976d-j6shb 1/1 Running 0 32s
#DNS 解析测试
kubectl run -it --rm dns-test --image=busybox:1.28.4 sh
If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter.
/ # nslookup kubernetes
Server: 10.0.0.2
Address 1: 10.0.0.2 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local
Name: kubernetes
Address 1: 10.0.0.1 kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local
注：
如果出现以下报错
[root@master01 k8s]# kubectl run -it --image=busybox:1.28.4 sh
If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter.
Error attaching, falling back to logs: unable to upgrade connection: Forbidden (user=system:anonymous, verb=create, resource=nodes, subresource=proxy)
Error from server (Forbidden): Forbidden (user=system:anonymous, verb=get, resource=nodes, subresource=proxy) ( pods/log sh)
需要添加 rbac的权限 直接使用kubectl绑定 clusteradmin 管理员集群角色 授权操作权限
[root@master01 k8s]# kubectl create clusterrolebinding cluster-system-anonymous --clusterrole=cluster-admin --user=system:anonymous
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/cluster-system-anonymous created
master02 节点部署
#从 master01 节点上拷贝证书文件、各master组件的配置文件和服务管理文件到 master02 节点
scp -r /opt/etcd/ [email protected]:/opt/
scp -r /opt/kubernetes/ [email protected]:/opt
scp -r /root/.kube [email protected]:/root
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/{kube-apiserver,kube-controller-manager,kube-scheduler}.service [email protected]:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
#修改配置文件kube-apiserver中的IP
vim /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--etcd-servers=https://192.168.86.11:2379,https://192.168.86.22:2379,https://192.168.86.55:2379 \
--bind-address=192.168.86.33 \ #修改
--secure-port=6443 \
--advertise-address=192.168.86.33 \ #修改
......
#在 master02 节点上启动各服务并设置开机自启
systemctl start kube-apiserver.service
systemctl enable kube-apiserver.service
systemctl start kube-controller-manager.service
systemctl enable kube-controller-manager.service
systemctl start kube-scheduler.service
systemctl enable kube-scheduler.service
#查看node节点状态
ln -s /opt/kubernetes/bin/* /usr/local/bin/
kubectl get nodes
kubectl get nodes -o wide #-o=wide：输出额外信息；对于Pod，将输出Pod所在的Node名
//此时在master02节点查到的node节点状态仅是从etcd查询到的信息，而此时node节点实际上并未与master02节点建立通信连接，因此需要使用一个VIP把node节点与master节点都关联起来