Stanford NLP 在Mac OS 的 Python 环境中安装、介绍及使用
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Stanford NLP 介绍
Stanford NLP提供了一系列自然语言分析工具。它能够给出基本的 词形，词性，不管是公司名还是人名等，格式化的日期，时间，量词， 并且能够标记句子的结构，语法形式和字词依赖，指明那些名字指向同 样的实体，指明情绪，提取发言中的开放关系等。
Stanford CoreNLP包含了中文模型，可以直接用于处理中文， 但CoreNLP使用Java开发，python调用稍微麻烦一点。
- 1.一个集成的语言分析工具集;
- 2.进行快速，可靠的任意文本分析;
- 3.整体的高质量的文本分析;
- 4.支持多种主流语言;
- 5.多种编程语言的易用接口;
- 6.方便的简单的部署web服务。
可参考官网链接：
https://stanfordnlp.github.io/CoreNLP/index.html
https://nlp.stanford.edu/nlp/javadoc/javanlp/
https://github.com/stanfordnlp/CoreNLP
Python 版本stanford nlp 安装
首先需要配置JDK，安装JDK 1.8及以上版本。
- 1.安装stanford nlp自然语言处理包:
pip install stanfordcorenlp
- 2.下载Stanford CoreNLP文件
- 3.下载中文模型jar包
- 4.把jar包放在解压后的Stanford CoreNLP文件夹下(注意：一定要在同一目录下，否则执行会报错)
- 5.在Python中引用模型:
from stanfordcorenlp import StanfordCoreNLP
nlp = StanfordCoreNLP(path_or_host=r'stanford-corenlp-full-2018-10-05', port=9999, lang='zh')
注意：stanford-corenlp-full-2018-10-05为模型的目录，jar包也放在此目录中，如果官网下载慢，也可以在我的网盘中下载https://pan.baidu.com/s/1ep_33yssV_6wwl3SSoXxiw
Python 版本stanford nlp 用法展示
from stanfordcorenlp import StanfordCoreNLP
if __name__=='__main__':
# 设置jar包和模型的路径
nlp = StanfordCoreNLP(path_or_host=r'stanford-corenlp-full-2018-10-05', port=9999, lang='zh')
fin = open('news.txt', 'r', encoding='utf8')
fner = open('ner.txt', 'w', encoding='utf8')
ftag = open('pos_tag.txt', 'w', encoding='utf8')
for line in fin:
line = line.strip()
if len(line) < 1:
continue
fner.write(" ".join([each[0] + "/" + each[1] for each in nlp.ner(line) if len(each) == 2]) + "\n")
ftag.write(" ".join([each[0] + "/" + each[1] for each in nlp.pos_tag(line) if len(each) == 2]) + "\n")
fner.close()
ftag.close()
错误解决
错误1：运行StanfordCoreNLP时，报错psutil.AccessDenied: psutil.AccessDenied (pid=14621)错误解决办法
- 抛出异常的堆栈：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/xiaoyuan/.virtualenvs/learningNLP/lib/python3.6/site-packages/psutil/_psosx.py", line 339, in wrapper
return fun(self, *args, **kwargs)
File "/Users/xiaoyuan/.virtualenvs/learningNLP/lib/python3.6/site-packages/psutil/_psosx.py", line 528, in connections
rawlist = cext.proc_connections(self.pid, families, types)
PermissionError: [Errno 1] Operation not permitted
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Applications/PyCharm.app/Contents/helpers/pydev/pydevd.py", line 1580, in
globals = debugger.run(setup['file'], None, None, is_module)
File "/Applications/PyCharm.app/Contents/helpers/pydev/pydevd.py", line 964, in run
pydev_imports.execfile(file, globals, locals) # execute the script
File "/Applications/PyCharm.app/Contents/helpers/pydev/_pydev_imps/_pydev_execfile.py", line 18, in execfile
exec(compile(contents+"\n", file, 'exec'), glob, loc)
File "/Users/xiaoyuan/Documents/GitHub/learningNLP/02/04_stanfordnlp/ner.py", line 15, in
nlp = StanfordCoreNLP(path_or_host=r'stanford-corenlp-full-2018-10-05', lang='zh')
File "/Users/xiaoyuan/.virtualenvs/learningNLP/lib/python3.6/site-packages/stanfordcorenlp/corenlp.py", line 79, in __init__
if port_candidate not in [conn.laddr[1] for conn in psutil.net_connections()]:
File "/Users/xiaoyuan/.virtualenvs/learningNLP/lib/python3.6/site-packages/psutil/__init__.py", line 2263, in net_connections
return _psplatform.net_connections(kind)
File "/Users/xiaoyuan/.virtualenvs/learningNLP/lib/python3.6/site-packages/psutil/_psosx.py", line 252, in net_connections
cons = Process(pid).connections(kind)
File "/Users/xiaoyuan/.virtualenvs/learningNLP/lib/python3.6/site-packages/psutil/_psosx.py", line 344, in wrapper
raise AccessDenied(self.pid, self._name)
psutil.AccessDenied: psutil.AccessDenied (pid=14621)
- 解决方法：此方法适用于mac os平台
找到stanfordcorenlp这个package的corenlp.py（如果是通过pip安装的stanfordcorenlp，那么corenlp.py在site-packages/stanfordcorenlp目录下），将第84和85行代码注释或删除即可，就是下面两行
if self.port in [conn.laddr[1] for conn in psutil.net_connections()]:
raise IOError('Port ' + str(self.port) + ' is already in use.')
并在初始化StanfordCoreNLP时，指定port端口，然后重新执行即可。