3分钟学会ubuntu中安装docker

网上安装docker教程很多，但是年代久远，现在提供docker官方最佳、最简安装教程。

一、系统要求

以下系统环境被测试过

• Ubuntu Lunar 23.04
• Ubuntu Kinetic 22.10
• Ubuntu Jammy 22.04 (LTS)
• Ubuntu Focal 20.04 (LTS)

二、卸载老版本docker

一些发行版本的linux系统可能存在非官方发布的docker相关组件，这里把它们卸载干净，
不然出现版本冲突会很麻烦。

for pkg in docker.io docker-doc docker-compose podman-docker containerd runc; do sudo apt-get remove $pkg; done

三、命令行安装docker

3.1、设置docker软件源

# Add Docker's official GPG key:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ca-certificates curl gnupg
sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
sudo chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg

# Add the repository to Apt sources:
echo \
  "deb [arch="$(dpkg --print-architecture)" signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
  "$(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME")" stable" | \
  sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
sudo apt-get update

3.2、安装最新版

执行下面明令安装就OK

sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin

静静等他安装玩就行。安装过程打印信息如下：

root@DESKTOP-UDK350B:~# sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  dbus-user-session docker-ce-rootless-extras libltdl7 libslirp0 pigz slirp4netns
Suggested packages:
  aufs-tools cgroupfs-mount | cgroup-lite
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  containerd.io dbus-user-session docker-buildx-plugin docker-ce docker-ce-cli
  docker-ce-rootless-extras docker-compose-plugin libltdl7 libslirp0 pigz slirp4netns
0 upgraded, 11 newly installed, 0 to remove and 102 not upgraded.
Need to get 114 MB of archives.
After this operation, 409 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 pigz amd64 2.6-1 [63.6 kB]    
Get:2 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu jammy/stable amd64 containerd.io amd64 1.6.24-1 [28.6 MB]
Get:3 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu jammy/stable amd64 docker-buildx-plugin amd64 0.11.2-1~ubuntu.22.04~jammy [28.2 MB]
Get:4 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu jammy/stable amd64 docker-ce-cli amd64 5:24.0.7-1~ubuntu.22.04~jammy [13.3 MB]                                                                 
Ign:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 pigz amd64 2.6-1                                                                                                                  
Get:5 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 dbus-user-session amd64 1.12.20-2ubuntu4.1 [9442 B]                                                                           
Get:6 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 libltdl7 amd64 2.4.6-15build2 [39.6 kB]                                                                                               
Get:7 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 libslirp0 amd64 4.6.1-1build1 [61.5 kB]                                                                                               
Get:8 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu jammy/stable amd64 docker-ce amd64 5:24.0.7-1~ubuntu.22.04~jammy [22.6 MB]                                                                     
Get:9 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 slirp4netns amd64 1.0.1-2 [28.2 kB]                                                                                               
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service → /lib/systemd/system/docker.service.
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/docker.socket → /lib/systemd/system/docker.socket.
Processing triggers for man-db (2.10.2-1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.35-0ubuntu3.1) ...
/sbin/ldconfig.real: /usr/lib/wsl/lib/libcuda.so.1 is not a symbolic link

3.3、验证

sudo docker run hello-world

以上命令下载测试镜像，并生成容器。 当容器运行时，它会成功打印消息并退出，表明安装OK，bash终端打印信息如下：

root@DESKTOP-UDK350B:~# sudo docker run hello-world

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
    (amd64)
 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
 https://hub.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

四、参考

[0] https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/ubuntu/