包地址:go get -u github.com/spf13/cobra/cobra
go mod init blog
go get -u github.com/spf13/cobra/cobra
具体写一个例子, 设计一个命令叫 blog, 有四个子命令
blog new [post-name] :创建一篇新的blog
blog list :列出当前有哪些文章
blog delete [post-name]: 删除某一篇文章
blog edit [post-name]:编辑某一篇文章
> cobra init -h
Initialize (cobra init) will create a new application, with a license
and the appropriate structure for a Cobra-based CLI application.
* If a name is provided, a directory with that name will be created in the current directory;
* If no name is provided, the current directory will be assumed;
Usage:
cobra init [name] [flags]
Aliases:
init, initialize, initialise, create
Flags:
-h, --help help for init
--pkg-name string fully qualified pkg name
Global Flags:
-a, --author string author name for copyright attribution (default "YOUR NAME")
--config string config file (default is $HOME/.cobra.yaml)
-l, --license string name of license for the project
--viper use Viper for configuration (default true)
创建应用
> cobra init --pkg-name blog -a raoxiaoya -l mit
Your Cobra application is ready at
D:\dev\php\magook\trunk\server\golang\project\blog
会生成目录
./cmd
./cmd/root.go
./go.mod
./go.sum
./LICENSE
./main.go
编译运行
> go build main.go
> main.exe -h
A longer description that spans multiple lines and likely contains
examples and usage of using your application. For example:
Cobra is a CLI library for Go that empowers applications.
This application is a tool to generate the needed files
to quickly create a Cobra application.
有三个概念,command
、flag
和args
,例如:
go get -u test.com/a/b
这里 get 就是 commond(这里比较特殊), -u 就是 flag, test.com/a/b 就是 args
那么命令行就是有三部分构成,所以需要定义好这个
命令自身的一些基本信息,用command表示,具体对象是 cobra.Command
命令的一些标致或者选项,用flag表示,具体对象是 flag.FlagSet
最后的参数,用args表示,通常是[]string
还有一个概念是子命令,比如get就是go的子命令,这是一个树状结构的关系。
我可以使用go命令,也可以使用 go get命令
例如: root.go,定义了root命令,另外在init里面 定义了flag,如果它本身有具体执行,就填充Run字段。
如果需要子命令,就需要在init 里,给 rootCmd.AddCommand()
其他的 command,其他的子命令通常也会单独用一个文件编写,并且有一个全局变量,让 rootCmd 可以 add 它
cobra add new
cobra add delete
cobra add list
cobra add edit
cmd 目录下增加了 new.go, delete.go,list.go,edit.go
添加逻辑代码
new.go
var newCmd = &cobra.Command{
Use: "new",
Short: "create new post",
Long: `create new post.
Usage:
blog new [filename]
Args:
filename your new filename`,
Args: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
// 参数校验,如果返回 errror则不会执行Run方法
if len(args) != 1 {
return errors.New("requires an argument")
}
return nil
},
Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
floder := "posts/"
fileName := floder + args[0]
if _, err := os.Stat(floder); os.IsNotExist(err) {
err := os.Mkdir(floder, 644)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
}
_, err := os.Stat(fileName)
if os.IsNotExist(err) {
file, err := os.Create(fileName)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
log.Printf("create file %s", fileName)
defer file.Close()
} else {
}
},
}
func init() {
rootCmd.AddCommand(newCmd)
// 自定义 Usage 说明,此处将模版设置为空(需要有个空格),那么只会展示 Long 中的定义
newCmd.SetUsageTemplate(" ")
}
list.go
var listCmd = &cobra.Command{
Use: "list",
Short: "list all blog in posts",
Long: `list all blog in posts `,
Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
_, err := os.Stat("posts")
if os.IsNotExist(err) {
log.Fatal("posts dir is not exits")
}
dirs, err := ioutil.ReadDir("posts")
if err != nil {
log.Fatal("read posts dir fail")
}
fmt.Println("------------------")
for _, dir := range dirs {
fmt.Printf(" %s\n", dir.Name() )
}
fmt.Println("------------------")
fmt.Printf("total: %d blog\n", len(dirs))
},
}
delete.go
var deleteCmd = &cobra.Command{
Use: "delete",
Short: "delete a post",
Long: `delete a post`,
Args: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
if len(args) != 1 {
return errors.New("requires a color argument")
}
if strings.Contains(args[0],"/") || strings.Contains(args[0],"..") {
return errors.New("posts name should not contain / or .. ")
}
return nil
},
Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
fileName := "./posts/" + args[0]
stat, err := os.Stat(fileName)
if os.IsNotExist(err) {
log.Fatalf("post %s is not exist", fileName)
}
if stat.IsDir() {
log.Fatalf("%s is dir ,can not be deleted", fileName)
}
err = os.Remove(fileName)
if err != nil {
log.Fatalf("delete %s fail, err %v", fileName, err)
} else {
log.Printf("delete post %s success", fileName)
}
},
}
在 rootCmd
中设置
SilenceUsage: true,
SilenceErrors: true,
CompletionOptions: cobra.CompletionOptions{HiddenDefaultCmd: true},
测试
go build main.go
main.exe list
main.exe new blog1.md
main.exe new blog2.md
main.exe new blog3.md
main.exe list
main.exe delete blog1.md
main.exe list