Github:https://github.com/spf13/cobra
Star:26.5K
Cobra是一个用Go语言实现的命令行工具。并且现在正在被很多项目使用,例如:Kubernetes、Hugo和Github CLI等。通过使用Cobra,我们可以快速的创建命令行工具,特别适合写 测试脚本
,各种服务的 Admin CLI
等。
比如 Mattermost
项目,就写了很多 Admin CLI:
我们看一个简单的demo
package main
import (
"flag"
"fmt"
)
func main() {
flag.Parse()
args := flag.Args()
if len(args) <= 0 {
fmt.Println("Usage: admin-cli [command]")
return
}
switch args[0] {
case "help":
// ...
case "export":
//...
if len(args) == 3 { // 导出到文件
// todo
} else if len(args) == 2 { // 导出...
// todo
}
default:
//...
}
}
package main
import (
"fmt"
"github.com/spf13/cobra"
"os"
)
// rootCmd represents the base command when called without any subcommands
var rootCmd = &cobra.Command{
Use: "api",
Short: "A brief description of your application",
Long: `A longer description `,
}
// 命令一
var mockMsgCmd = &cobra.Command{
Use: "mockMsg",
Short: "批量发送测试文本消息",
Long: ``,
Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
fmt.Println("mockMsg called")
},
}
// 命令二
var exportCmd = &cobra.Command{
Use: "export",
Short: "导出数据",
Long: ``,
Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
fmt.Println("export called")
},
}
func Execute() {
err := rootCmd.Execute()
if err != nil {
os.Exit(1)
}
}
func init() {
rootCmd.Flags().BoolP("toggle", "t", false, "Help message for toggle")
rootCmd.AddCommand(mockMsgCmd)
rootCmd.AddCommand(exportCmd)
exportCmd.Flags().StringP("out", "k", "./backup", "导出路径")
}
func main() {
Execute()
}
运行:
$ go run main.go
A longer description
Usage:
api [command]
Available Commands:
completion Generate the autocompletion script for the specified shell
export 导出数据
help Help about any command
mockMsg 批量发送测试文本消息
Flags:
-h, --help help for api
-t, --toggle Help message for toggle
Use "api [command] --help" for more information about a command.
发现了吗?你不用再处理各种参数组合了,从此释放了出来,只需要写自己的业务逻辑即可!
Cobra由三部分组成:
官方推荐命令格式为:
$ ./appName command args --Flag
如 hugo server --port=1313
:
appName
: hugocommand
: serverflag
: port添加依赖
$ go get -u github.com/spf13/cobra@latest
导入即可:
import "github.com/spf13/cobra"
建议安装命令行工具 cobra-cli
,以方便快速创建cobra项目,增加command等。
$ go install github.com/spf13/cobra-cli@latest
安装完成之后,执行 cobra-cli --help
(请确保GOBIN已配置),输出下列信息则代表成功:
$ cobra-cli --help
Cobra is a CLI library for Go that empowers applications.
This application is a tool to generate the needed files
to quickly create a Cobra application.
Usage:
cobra-cli [command]
Available Commands:
add Add a command to a Cobra Application
completion Generate the autocompletion script for the specified shell
help Help about any command
init Initialize a Cobra Application
Flags:
-a, --author string author name for copyright attribution (default "YOUR NAME")
--config string config file (default is $HOME/.cobra.yaml)
-h, --help help for cobra-cli
-l, --license string name of license for the project
--viper use Viper for configuration
Use "cobra-cli [command] --help" for more information about a command.
安装了cobra-cli工具之后,执行init
初始化创建项目:
$ cobra-cli init
此时,在当前目录自动生成如下文件:
├── LICENSE
├── cmd
│ └── root.go
└── main.go
main.go
:
package main
import "tools/api/cmd"
func main() {
cmd.Execute()
}
root.go
(有删减):
// rootCmd represents the base command when called without any subcommands
var rootCmd = &cobra.Command{
Use: "api",
Short: "A brief description of your application",
Long: `A longer description `,
//Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
// fmt.Println("api called")
//},
}
// Execute adds all child commands to the root command and sets flags appropriately.
// This is called by main.main(). It only needs to happen once to the rootCmd.
func Execute() {
err := rootCmd.Execute()
if err != nil {
os.Exit(1)
}
}
func init() {
// 全局flag
// rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&cfgFile, "config", "", "config file (default is $HOME/.api.yaml)")
// local flag
rootCmd.Flags().BoolP("toggle", "t", false, "Help message for toggle")
}
此时运行,不用指定参数,会执行rootCmd,打印使用说明:
$ go build
$ ./api
输出:
A longer description
Usage:
api [command]
Available Commands:
completion Generate the autocompletion script for the specified shell
help Help about any command
Flags:
-h, --help help for api
-t, --toggle Help message for toggle
Use "api [command] --help" for more information about a command.
分析上面的默认输出:
Available Commands
:代表可以执行的命令。比如./api connectFlags
:是参数。比如./api connect --ip=127.0.0.1:6379,–ip就是flag,127.0.0.1:6379就是flag的值。我们来新增一个命令试试,这也是命令行程序的魅力,通过不同的参数执行不同的动作。
语法:
$ cobra-cli add [command]
比如:
$ cobra-cli add mock-msg
mockMsg created at /Users/xxx/repo/tools/api
此时,在cmd下会多一个文件(mock_msg.go
),内容如下:
package cmd
import (
"fmt"
"github.com/spf13/cobra"
)
var mockMsgCmd = &cobra.Command{
Use: "mockMsg",
Short: "A brief description of your command",
Long: `mock msg command`,
Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
fmt.Println("mockMsg called")
},
}
func init() {
rootCmd.AddCommand(mockMsgCmd)
}
再执行rootCmd:
$ go build
$ ./api
会发现,多了一个命令:
// ...
Available Commands:
completion Generate the autocompletion script for the specified shell
help Help about any command
mockMsg A brief description of your command
// ...
执行mocMsg命令:
$ ./api mockMsg
mockMsg called
此时,就可以在生成的 mock_msg.go: Run()
函数中,放你自己的业务逻辑代码了。
上面新增了一个命令mockMsg,通过 ./api help 打印了命令和help,但是 Use
里面指定的内容打印到哪里去了呢?
这个时候,需要针对Command在指定help,此时就能打印这个命令的具体用法了。
./api mockMsg help
批量生产mq消息
Usage:
benchmark mockmsg [flags]
Flags:
-g, --goroutine int32 并发routine数量 (default 1)
-h, --help help for mockmsg
-p, --packet int32 每个routine一秒写入mq的数量 (default 20)
-g
和-p
是新增的2个flag:
func init() {
mockmsgCmd.Flags().Int32P("goroutine", "g", 1, "并发routine数量")
mockmsgCmd.Flags().Int32P("packet", "p", 20, "每个routine一秒写入mq的数量")
rootCmd.AddCommand(mockmsgCmd)
}
获取这2个值:
// mockmsgCmd represents the mockmsg command
var mockmsgCmd = &cobra.Command{
Use: "mockmsg",
Short: "批量生产mq消息",
Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
// 这里要写全名
g, _ := cmd.Flags().GetInt32("goroutine")
p, _ := cmd.Flags().GetInt32("packet")
fmt.Println("mockmsg called,flags:g=", g, ",p=", p, ",args:", args)
},
}
``
执行:
```go
$ go run main.go mockmsg -p 322 -g 5 args1 args2
mockmsg called,flags:g= 5 ,p= 322 ,args: [args1 args2]
我们通过一个例子,介绍了使用cobra带来的好处。通过一个完整的入门实践,演示了创建项目、添加命令和使用的一些示例,希望对你有所帮助!
参考: