HCIA——静态综合实验讲解

静态综合实验

  • HCIA所有内容:
  • 静态综合实验
    • 一:实验要求:
    • 二、实验分析:
    • 三、实验步骤:
      • 一、划分网段,环回IP以及接口IP
      • 二、给每个接口以及路由器配置IP
        • 1、R1配置代码以及结果:
        • 2、R2配置代码以及结果:
        • 3、R3配置代码以及结果:
        • 4、R4配置代码以及结果:
        • 5、R5配置代码以及结果:
      • 三、配静态路由
        • 1、R1配置以及路由表:
        • 2、R2配置以及路由表:
        • 3、R3配置以及路由表:
        • 4、R4配置以及路由表:
        • 5、R5配置以及路由表:
      • 四、配置缺省路由
        • 1、R1配置以及路由表:
        • 2、R2配置以及路由表:
        • 3、R3配置以及路由表:
        • 4、R4配置以及路由表:
      • 五、配置空接口
        • 1、R1配置以及路由表:
        • 2、R2配置以及路由表:
        • 3、R3配置以及路由表:
        • 4、R4配置以及路由表:
    • 四、实验结果

HCIA所有内容:

1、七层参考模型及IP讲解
2、TCP三次握手讲解
3、TCP四次挥手讲解及抓包分析
4、DHCP协议讲解及抓包分析
5、静态综合实验讲解
7、静态路由讲解
8、RIP路由信息协议讲解
9、动态路由协议讲解
10、抓包进行分析RIP以及OSPF的包
11、动态路由OSPF配置综合实验讲解
12、Vlan虚拟局域网技术讲解
13、ACL访问控制列表讲解
14、NAT技术讲解
15、网络综合实验讲解

静态综合实验

HCIA——静态综合实验讲解_第1张图片

一:实验要求:

1、除R5的环回地址固定以外,整个其他所有网段基于192.168.1.0/24进行合理的ip地址划分。
2、R1-R4每个路由器存在两个环回接口,用于模拟连接pc网段;地址也在192.168.1.0/24这个网络范围内。
3、R1-R4上不能直接编写到达5.5.5.0/24的静态路由,但依然可以访问。
4、全网可达,尽量减少每台路由器,路由表条目数量,避免环路出现。

二、实验分析:

1、R5的环回地址固定为5.5.5.1。
2、由题目可知,这个拓扑图共有6个链路网段以及题目要求的R1-R4每个两个回环接口,则一共是6+8=14个需要划分的网段。
3、R1-R4上不能直接编写到达5.5.5.0/24的静态路由,但依然可以访问,所以要使用缺省路由。
4、解决避免环路出现,采用空接口路由的方法解决,空接口是在黑洞路由器上配置

三、实验步骤:

一、划分网段,环回IP以及接口IP

首先,我们知道IP子网划分:
192.168.1.00000000/24
我们需要得到14个网段,从题可知必须都在192.168.1.0/24这个范围里;
那我们想,如果向后借一位,我们可以得到两个子网网段;
向后借两位便可以得到四个子网网段;

······
按这个规律可知,向后借n位我们可以得到2的n次方个子网。
但同时,我们将得到2的n次方减二个IP地址,因为其中包含了0和255

那么我们现在向后借4位即:192.168.1.0000 0000
我们将可以得到16个子网网段。
划分过程如下:

192.168.1.00000000/24             总网络范围---192.168.1.0/24
这时我们向后借四位:
192.168.1.0000 0000/28					    ---192.168.1.0/28
192.168.1.0001 0000/28						---192.168.1.16/28
192.168.1.0010 0000/28						---192.168.1.32/28
192.168.1.0011 0000/28						---192.168.1.48/28
192.168.1.0100 0000/28						---192.168.1.64/28
192.168.1.0101 0000/28						---192.168.1.80/28
192.168.1.0110 0000/28						---192.168.1.96/28
192.168.1.0111 0000/28						---192.168.1.112/28
192.168.1.1000 0000/28						---192.168.1.128/28
192.168.1.1001 0000/28						---192.168.1.144/28
192.168.1.1010 0000/28						---192.168.1.160/28
192.168.1.1011 0000/28						---192.168.1.176/28
192.168.1.1100 0000/28						---192.168.1.192/28
192.168.1.1101 0000/28						---192.168.1.208/28
192.168.1.1110 0000/28						---192.168.1.224/28
192.168.1.1111 0000/28						---192.168.1.240/28

上面就是16个借四位所生成的子网网段。
当然,我们只需要14个网段,所以,最后两个网段我们用作保留。
192.168.1.224/28
192.168.1.240/28
在进行配置路由表时,应进行合理的手工汇总,使得路由器上面的路由条目数量减少,提升对应路由器的传输性能,对于传输开销相同的路由地址,应进行合理的负载均衡,增加信息传输速率。所以,我将每个路由器的两个回环都可进行子网汇总。
所以,我现在列出每个路由器的回环网段以及其汇总网段:
R1路由器:
loopback 0:192.168.1.0/28 其IP为192.168.1.1/28
loopback 1:192.168.1.16/28 其IP为192.1681.17/28
汇总网段:192.168.1.0/27

R2路由器:
loopback 0:192.168.1.32/28 其IP为192.168.1.33/28
loopback 1:192.168.1.48/28 其IP为192.168.1.49/28
汇总网段:192.168.1.32/27

R3路由器:
loopback 0:192.168.1.64/28 其IP为192.168.1.65/28
loopback 1:192.168.1.80/28 其IP为192.168.1.81/28
汇总网段:192.168.1.64/27

R4路由器:
loopback 0:192.168.1.96/28 其IP为192.168.1.97/28
loopback 1:192.168.1.112/28 其IP为192.168.1.113/28
汇总网段:192.168.1.96/27

剩下接口配置的IP将如下图所示:
HCIA——静态综合实验讲解_第2张图片

二、给每个接口以及路由器配置IP

1、R1配置代码以及结果:

HCIA——静态综合实验讲解_第3张图片

ensp代码:

[Huawei]sysname r1
[r1]interface LoopBack 0
[r1-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.1 28
[r1-LoopBack0]quit
[r1]interface LoopBack 1
[r1-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.17 28
[r1-LoopBack1]interface g0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.129 28
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]interface g0/0/1
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.161 28. 
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[r1]

R1路由器接口IP地址表:

[r1]display ip interface brief 
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 1
Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              192.168.1.129/28     up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              192.168.1.161/28     up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
LoopBack0                         192.168.1.1/28       up         up(s)     
LoopBack1                         192.168.1.17/28      up         up(s)     
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)     
2、R2配置代码以及结果:

ensp代码:

[Huawei]sysname r2
[r2]user-interface console 0	
[r2-ui-console0]idle-timeout 0 0 
[r2-ui-console0]quit
[r2]interface LoopBack 0
[r2-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.33 28
[r2-LoopBack0]quit
[r2]interface LoopBack 1
[r2-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.49 28
[r2-LoopBack1]interface g0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.130 28 
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]interface g0/0/1
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.145 28
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[r2]

R2路由器接口IP地址表:

[r2]display ip interface brief 
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 1
Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              192.168.1.130/28     up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              192.168.1.145/28     up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
LoopBack0                         192.168.1.33/28      up         up(s)     
LoopBack1                         192.168.1.49/28      up         up(s)     
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)     
3、R3配置代码以及结果:

ensp代码:

[r3]user-interface console 0
[r3-ui-console0]idle-timeout 0 0
[r3-ui-console0]quit
[r3]interface LoopBack 0
[r3-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.65 28
[r3-LoopBack0]quit
[r3]interface LoopBack 1
[r3-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.81 28
[r3-LoopBack1]interface g0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.162 28
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]interface g0/0/1
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.177 28
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[r3]

R3路由器接口IP地址表:

[r3]display ip interface brief 
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 1
Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              192.168.1.162/28     up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              192.168.1.177/28     up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
LoopBack0                         192.168.1.65/28      up         up(s)     
LoopBack1                         192.168.1.81/28      up         up(s)     
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)   
4、R4配置代码以及结果:

ensp代码:

[Huawei]sysname r4
[r4]user-interface console 0
[r4-ui-console0]idle-timeout 0 0 
[r4-ui-console0]quit
[r4]interface LoopBack 0
[r4-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.97 28
[r4-LoopBack0]interface LoopBack 1
[r4-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.113 28
[r4-LoopBack1]interface g0/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.146 28 
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.178 28 
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.1.193 28
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g4/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.209 28
[r4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]quit
[r4]

R4路由器接口IP地址表:

[r4]display ip interface brief 
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 7
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 0
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 7
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 0
Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              192.168.1.146/28     up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              192.168.1.178/28     up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              192.168.1.193/28     up         up        
GigabitEthernet4/0/0              192.168.1.209/28     up         up        
LoopBack0                         192.168.1.97/28      up         up(s)     
LoopBack1                         192.168.1.113/28     up         up(s)     
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)     
5、R5配置代码以及结果:

ensp代码:

[Huawei]sysname r5
[r5]user-interface console 0
[r5-ui-console0]idle-timeout 0 0
[r5-ui-console0]quit
[r5]interface LoopBack 0
[r5-LoopBack0]ip address 5.5.5.1 24
[r5-LoopBack0]interface g0/0/0
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.194 28
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]interface g0/0/1
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.210 28
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[r5]

R5路由器接口IP地址表:

[r5]display ip interface brief 
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 4
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 4
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 1
Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              192.168.1.194/28     up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              192.168.1.210/28     up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
LoopBack0                         5.5.5.1/24           up         up(s)  

三、配静态路由

HCIA——静态综合实验讲解_第4张图片

1、R1配置以及路由表:

ensp代码:

[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.128
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.144 28 192.168.1.128
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.128
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.160
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.160
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.176 28 192.168.1.160
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.192 28 192.168.1.130
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.208 28 192.168.1.130
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.208 28 192.168.1.162
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.192 28 192.168.1.162

R1路由表:

[r1]display ip routing-table 
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 23       Routes : 26       

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
    192.168.1.0/28  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.1.1     LoopBack0
    192.168.1.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack0
   192.168.1.15/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack0
   192.168.1.16/28  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.1.17    LoopBack1
   192.168.1.17/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack1
   192.168.1.31/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack1
   192.168.1.32/27  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.128   GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
   192.168.1.64/27  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.160   GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
   192.168.1.96/27  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.128   GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
                    Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.160   GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
  192.168.1.128/28  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.1.129   GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
  192.168.1.129/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
  192.168.1.143/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
  192.168.1.144/28  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.128   GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
  192.168.1.160/28  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.1.161   GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
  192.168.1.161/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
  192.168.1.175/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
  192.168.1.176/28  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.160   GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
  192.168.1.192/28  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.130   GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
                    Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.162   GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
  192.168.1.208/28  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.130   GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
                    Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.162   GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
255.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
2、R2配置以及路由表:

ensp代码:

[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.192 28 192.168.1.146
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.208 28 192.168.1.146
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.146
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.146
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.176 28 192.168.1.146
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 28 192.168.1.129
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 27 192.168.1.129
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.129

R2路由表:

[r2]display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 23       Routes : 24       
Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface
      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
    192.168.1.0/27  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.129   GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
   192.168.1.32/28  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.1.33    LoopBack0
   192.168.1.33/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack0
   192.168.1.47/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack0
   192.168.1.48/28  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.1.49    LoopBack1
   192.168.1.49/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack1
   192.168.1.63/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack1
   192.168.1.64/27  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.146   GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
                    Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.129   GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
   192.168.1.96/27  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.146   GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
  192.168.1.128/28  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.1.130   GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
  192.168.1.130/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
  192.168.1.143/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
  192.168.1.144/28  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.1.145   GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
  192.168.1.145/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
  192.168.1.159/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
  192.168.1.160/28  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.129   GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
  192.168.1.176/28  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.146   GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
  192.168.1.192/28  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.146   GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
  192.168.1.208/28  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.146   GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
255.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
3、R3配置以及路由表:

ensp代码:

[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 27 192.168.1.161
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 28 192.168.1.161
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.161
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.178
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.178
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.144 28 192.168.1.178
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.192 28 192.168.1.178
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.208 28 192.168.1.178

R3路由表:

[r3]display ip routing-table 
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 23       Routes : 24       

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
    192.168.1.0/27  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.161   GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
   192.168.1.32/27  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.161   GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
                    Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.178   GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
   192.168.1.64/28  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.1.65    LoopBack0
   192.168.1.65/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack0
   192.168.1.79/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack0
   192.168.1.80/28  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.1.81    LoopBack1
   192.168.1.81/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack1
   192.168.1.95/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack1
   192.168.1.96/27  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.178   GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
  192.168.1.128/28  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.161   GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
  192.168.1.144/28  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.178   GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
  192.168.1.160/28  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.1.162   GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
  192.168.1.162/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
  192.168.1.175/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
  192.168.1.176/28  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.1.177   GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
  192.168.1.177/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
  192.168.1.191/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
  192.168.1.192/28  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.178   GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
  192.168.1.208/28  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.178   GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
255.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
4、R4配置以及路由表:

ensp代码:

[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.145
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 27 192.168.1.145
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 28 192.168.1.145
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 28 192.168.1.177
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 27 192.168.1.177
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.177

R4路由表:

[r4]display ip routing-table 
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 27       Routes : 28       
Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface
      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
    192.168.1.0/27  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.145   GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
                    Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.177   GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
   192.168.1.32/27  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.145   GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
   192.168.1.64/27  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.177   GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
   192.168.1.96/28  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.1.97    LoopBack0
   192.168.1.97/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack0
  192.168.1.111/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack0
  192.168.1.112/28  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.1.113   LoopBack1
  192.168.1.113/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack1
  192.168.1.127/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack1
  192.168.1.128/28  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.145   GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
  192.168.1.144/28  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.1.146   GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
  192.168.1.146/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
  192.168.1.159/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
  192.168.1.160/28  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.177   GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
  192.168.1.176/28  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.1.178   GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
  192.168.1.178/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
  192.168.1.191/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
  192.168.1.192/28  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.1.193   GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
  192.168.1.193/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
  192.168.1.207/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
  192.168.1.208/28  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.1.209   GigabitEthernet 4/0/0
  192.168.1.209/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet 4/0/0
  192.168.1.223/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet 4/0/0
255.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

5、R5配置以及路由表:

ensp代码:

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.193
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.193
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.193
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.209
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.209
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.396 27 192.168.1.209
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.209
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.144 28 192.168.1.209
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.176 28 192.168.1.209
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 28 192.168.1.209
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 28 192.168.1.209
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 27 192.168.1.209
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 27 192.168.1.193
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.144 28 192.168.1.193
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.176 28 192.168.1.193
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 28 192.168.1.193
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 28 192.168.1.193

R5路由表:

[r5]display IP routing-table 
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 21       Routes : 29       
Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface
        5.5.5.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   5.5.5.1         LoopBack0
        5.5.5.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack0
      5.5.5.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack0
      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
    192.168.1.0/27  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.209   GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
                    Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.193   GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
   192.168.1.32/27  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.193   GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
                    Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.209   GigabitEthernet\ 0/0/1
   192.168.1.64/27  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.193   GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
                    Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.209   GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
   192.168.1.96/27  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.193   GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
                    Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.209   GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
  192.168.1.128/28  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.209   GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
                    Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.193   GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
  192.168.1.144/28  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.209   GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
                    Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.193   GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
  192.168.1.160/28  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.209   GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
                    Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.193   GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
  192.168.1.176/28  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.209   GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
                    Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.193   GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
  192.168.1.192/28  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.1.194   GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
  192.168.1.194/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
  192.168.1.207/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
  192.168.1.208/28  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.1.210   GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
  192.168.1.210/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
  192.168.1.223/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
255.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

四、配置缺省路由

HCIA——静态综合实验讲解_第5张图片

1、R1配置以及路由表:

ensp代码:

[r1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.130
[r1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.162

R1路由表:

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface
        0.0.0.0/0   Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.130   GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
                    Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.162   GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
2、R2配置以及路由表:

ensp代码:

[r2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.146

R2路由表:

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface
        0.0.0.0/0   Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.146   GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
3、R3配置以及路由表:

ensp代码:

[r3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.178

R3路由表:

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface
        0.0.0.0/0   Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.178   GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

4、R4配置以及路由表:

ensp代码:

[r4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.194
[r4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.210

R4路由表:

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface
        0.0.0.0/0   Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.194   GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
                    Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.210   GigabitEthernet 4/0/0

五、配置空接口

HCIA——静态综合实验讲解_第6张图片

1、R1配置以及路由表:

ensp代码:

[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 27 NULL 0
2、R2配置以及路由表:

ensp代码:

[r2]IP route-static 192.168.1.32 27 NULL 0
3、R3配置以及路由表:

ensp代码:

[r3]IP route-static 192.168.1.64 27 NULL 0
4、R4配置以及路由表:

ensp代码:

[r4]IP route-static 192.168.1.96 27 NULL 0

四、实验结果

测试全网可达:
测试代码:

<r1>ping 5.5.5.1
<r1>ping 192.168.1.64
<r1>ping 192.168.1.146
<r1>ping 192.168.1.178
<r1>ping 192.168.1.96

展示:

<r1>ping 5.5.5.1
  PING 5.5.5.1: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Request time out
    Request time out
    Reply from 5.5.5.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=253 time=130 ms
    Reply from 5.5.5.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=253 time=30 ms
    Reply from 5.5.5.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=253 time=40 ms

  --- 5.5.5.1 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    3 packet(s) received
    40.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 30/66/130 ms

<r1>ping 192.168.1.64
  PING 192.168.1.64: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 192.168.1.65: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=100 ms
    Reply from 192.168.1.65: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=20 ms
    Reply from 192.168.1.65: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=20 ms
    Reply from 192.168.1.65: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=20 ms
    Reply from 192.168.1.65: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=10 ms

  --- 192.168.1.64 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 10/34/100 ms

<r1>ping 192.168.1.146
  PING 192.168.1.146: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 192.168.1.146: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=40 ms
    Reply from 192.168.1.146: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=20 ms
    Reply from 192.168.1.146: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=50 ms
    Reply from 192.168.1.146: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=30 ms
    Reply from 192.168.1.146: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=30 ms

  --- 192.168.1.146 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 20/34/50 ms

<r1>ping 192.168.1.178
  PING 192.168.1.178: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Request time out
    Reply from 192.168.1.178: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=20 ms
    Reply from 192.168.1.178: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=20 ms
    Reply from 192.168.1.178: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=30 ms
    Reply from 192.168.1.178: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=40 ms

  --- 192.168.1.178 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    4 packet(s) received
    20.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 20/27/40 ms

<r1>ping 192.168.1.96
  PING 192.168.1.96: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 192.168.1.97: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=80 ms
    Reply from 192.168.1.97: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=30 ms
    Reply from 192.168.1.97: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=30 ms
    Reply from 192.168.1.97: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=40 ms
    Reply from 192.168.1.97: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=40 ms

  --- 192.168.1.96 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 30/44/80 ms

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