C+帮助文档:链接: Set的文档介绍
#include
#include
#include
#include
template<typename Map>
void print_map(Map& m)
{
std::cout << '{';
for(auto& p: m)
std::cout << p.first << ':' << p.second << ' ';
std::cout << "}\n";
}
struct Point { double x, y; };
struct PointCmp {
bool operator()(const Point& lhs, const Point& rhs) const {
return lhs.x < rhs.x; // NB 。有意忽略 y
}
};
int main()
{
// (1) 默认构造函数
std::map<std::string, int> map1;
map1["something"] = 69;
map1["anything"] = 199;
map1["that thing"] = 50;
std::cout << "map1 = "; print_map(map1);
// (2) 范围构造函数
std::map<std::string, int> iter(map1.find("anything"), map1.end());
std::cout << "\niter = "; print_map(iter);
std::cout << "map1 = "; print_map(map1);
// (3) 复制构造函数
std::map<std::string, int> copied(map1);
std::cout << "\ncopied = "; print_map(copied);
std::cout << "map1 = "; print_map(map1);
// (4) 移动构造函数
std::map<std::string, int> moved(std::move(map1));
std::cout << "\nmoved = "; print_map(moved);
std::cout << "map1 = "; print_map(map1);
// (5) initializer_list 构造函数
const std::map<std::string, int> init {
{"this", 100},
{"can", 100},
{"be", 100},
{"const", 100},
};
std::cout << "\ninit = "; print_map(init);
// 定制关键类选项 1 :
// 使用比较 struct
std::map<Point, double, PointCmp> mag = {
{ {5, -12}, 13 },
{ {3, 4}, 5 },
{ {-8, -15}, 17 }
};
for(auto p : mag)
std::cout << "The magnitude of (" << p.first.x
<< ", " << p.first.y << ") is "
<< p.second << '\n';
// 定制关键类选项 2 :
// 使用比较 lambda
// 此 lambda 按照其模比较点,注意其中模取自局部变量 mag
auto cmpLambda = [&mag](const Point &lhs, const Point &rhs) { return mag[lhs] < mag[rhs]; };
// 你亦可使用不依赖局部变量的 lambda ,像这样:
// auto cmpLambda = [](const Point &lhs, const Point &rhs) { return lhs.y < rhs.y; };
std::map<Point, double, decltype(cmpLambda)> magy(cmpLambda);
// 各种插入元素的方式:
magy.insert(std::pair<Point, double>({5, -12}, 13));
magy.insert({ {3, 4}, 5});
magy.insert({Point{-8.0, -15.0}, 17});
std::cout << '\n';
for(auto p : magy)
std::cout << "The magnitude of (" << p.first.x
<< ", " << p.first.y << ") is "
<< p.second << '\n';
}
输出:
map1 = {anything:199 something:69 that thing:50 }
iter = {anything:199 something:69 that thing:50 }
map1 = {anything:199 something:69 that thing:50 }
copied = {anything:199 something:69 that thing:50 }
map1 = {anything:199 something:69 that thing:50 }
moved = {anything:199 something:69 that thing:50 }
map1 = {}
init = {be:100 can:100 const:100 this:100 }
The magnitude of (-8, -15) is 17
The magnitude of (3, 4) is 5
The magnitude of (5, -12) is 13
The magnitude of (3, 4) is 5
The magnitude of (5, -12) is 13
The magnitude of (-8, -15) is 17
需要注意的是,set容器的特点是,插入元素会自动进行排序,且不允许重复的元素插入。
有两种查找的方式,一种是set库里给的find函数,时间复杂度是logN,另一种是用暴力查找的算法 复杂度是O(N);
lower_bound确定的范围是大于key的,相当于数学里的闭区间[ 。
例如:
// set::lower_bound/upper_bound
#include
#include
int main ()
{
std::set<int> myset;
std::set<int>::iterator itlow,itup;
for (int i=1; i<10; i++) myset.insert(i*10); // 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
itlow=myset.lower_bound (30); // ^
itup=myset.upper_bound (60); // ^
myset.erase(itlow,itup); // 10 20 70 80 90
std::cout << "myset contains:";
for (std::set<int>::iterator it=myset.begin(); it!=myset.end(); ++it)
std::cout << ' ' << *it;
std::cout << '\n';
return 0;
}
运行结果:
myset contains: 10 20 70 80 90
确定范围比key大的,不包括key,相当于数学里的开区间(key
例如:
// set::lower_bound/upper_bound
#include
#include
int main ()
{
std::set<int> myset;
std::set<int>::iterator itlow,itup;
for (int i=1; i<10; i++) myset.insert(i*10); // 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
itlow=myset.lower_bound (30); // ^
itup=myset.upper_bound (60); // ^
myset.erase(itlow,itup); // 10 20 70 80 90
std::cout << "myset contains:";
for (std::set<int>::iterator it=myset.begin(); it!=myset.end(); ++it)
std::cout << ' ' << *it;
std::cout << '\n';
return 0;
}
运行结果:
myset contains: 10 20 70 80 90
删除有两种方式,一种是查找删除,一种是直接删除。
查找删除:
查找删除,如果查找的数不存在set中就会报错!
直接删除:
直接删除,有就删,没有就不删,不会报错!
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