近来复习数据结构,自己动手实现了栈。栈是一种限制插入和删除只能在一个位置上的表。最基本的操作是进栈和出栈,因此,又被叫作“先进后出”表。
首先了解下栈的概念:
栈是限定仅在表头进行插入和删除操作的线性表。有时又叫LIFO(后进先出表)。要搞清楚这个概念,首先要明白”栈“原来的意思,如此才能把握本质。
"栈“者,存储货物或供旅客住宿的地方,可引申为仓库、中转站,所以引入到计算机领域里,就是指数据暂时存储的地方,所以才有进栈、出栈的说法。
实现方式是这样的:首先定义了一个接口,然后通过这个接口实现了线性栈和链式栈,代码比较简单,如下:
package com.peter.java.dsa.interfaces;
/**
* 栈操作定义
*
* @author Peter Pan
*/
public interface Stack {
/* 判空 */
Boolean isEmpty();
/* 清空栈 */
void clear();
/* 弹栈 */
T pop();
/* 入栈 */
Boolean push(T data);
/* 栈的长度 */
int length();
/* 查看栈顶的元素,但不移除它 */
T peek();
/* 返回对象在栈中的位置 */
int search(T data);
}
线性栈:以数组的方式实现。
package com.peter.java.dsa.common;
import com.peter.java.dsa.interfaces.Stack;
/**
* 线性栈
*
* @author Peter Pan
*/
public class LinearStack implements Stack {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
private T[] t = (T[]) new Object[16];
private int size = 0;
@Override
public Boolean isEmpty() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return size == 0;
}
@Override
public void clear() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
for (int i = 0; i < t.length; i++) {
t[i] = null;
}
size = 0;
}
@Override
public T pop() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if (size == 0) {
return null;
}
T tmp = t[size - 1];
t[size - 1] = null;
size--;
return tmp;
}
@Override
public Boolean push(T data) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if (size >= t.length) {
resize();
}
t[size++] = data;
return true;
}
@Override
public int length() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return size;
}
@Override
public T peek() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if (size == 0) {
return null;
} else {
return t[size - 1];
}
}
/* return index of data, return -1 if no data */
@Override
public int search(T data) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
int index = -1;
for (int i = 0; i < t.length; i++) {
if (t[i].equals(data)) {
index = i;
break;
}
}
return index;
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
private void resize() {
T[] tmp = (T[]) new Object[t.length * 2];
for (int i = 0; i < t.length; i++) {
tmp[i] = t[i];
t[i] = null;
}
t = tmp;
tmp = null;
}
/* from the left to the right is from the top to the bottom of the stack */
@Override
public String toString() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
buffer.append("Linear Stack Content:[");
for (int i = t.length - 1; i > -1; i--) {
buffer.append(t[i].toString() + ",");
}
buffer.append("]");
buffer.replace(buffer.lastIndexOf(","), buffer.lastIndexOf(",") + 1, "");
return buffer.toString();
}
}
链式栈:通过单链表进行实现。
package com.peter.java.dsa.common;
import com.peter.java.dsa.interfaces.Stack;
public class LinkedStack implements Stack {
private Node top;
private int size;
@Override
public Boolean isEmpty() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return size == 0;
}
@Override
public void clear() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
top = null;
size = 0;
}
@Override
public T pop() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
T topValue = null;
if (top != null) {
topValue = top.data;
Node oldTop = top;
top = top.prev;
oldTop.prev = null;
size--;
}
return topValue;
}
@Override
public Boolean push(T data) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Node oldTop = top;
top = new Node(data);
top.prev = oldTop;
size++;
return true;
}
@Override
public int length() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return size;
}
@Override
public T peek() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
T topValue = null;
if (top != null) {
topValue = top.data;
}
return topValue;
}
@Override
public int search(T data) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
int index = -1;
Node tmp = top;
for (int i = size - 1; i > -1; i--) {
if (tmp.data.equals(data)) {
index = i;
break;
} else {
tmp = tmp.prev;
}
}
tmp = null;
return index;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
buffer.append("Linked Stack Content:[");
Node tmp = top;
for (int i = 0; i < size - 1; i++) {
buffer.append(tmp.toString() + ",");
tmp = tmp.prev;
}
tmp = null;
buffer.append("]");
buffer.replace(buffer.lastIndexOf(","), buffer.lastIndexOf(",") + 1, "");
return super.toString();
}
private class Node {
T data;
Node prev;
public Node(T data) {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
this.data = data;
}
}
}
学习还在进行中,以后会继续更新代码。
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