Java中使用DigestUtils工具类对数据进行MD5加密

引言:MD5算法的全称是“消息摘要算法”(Message-Digest Algorithm version.5),它是当前公认的强度最高的加密算法。出现在MD5之前的是MD2和MD4,间隔分别只有一年。虽然三者的算法结构多少有点相似,但是由于MD2诞生于8位计算机的时代,因此它的设计与后来出现的MD4、MD5完全不同,因此不能进行简单的替代。然而,无论是MD2、MD4还是MD5,它们都是在获得一个随机长度信息的基础上产生一个128位信息摘要的算法。MD5将任意长度的"字节串"变换成一个128bit的大整数,并且它是一个不可逆的字符串变换算法,换句话说就是,即使你看到源程序和算法描述,也无法将一个MD5的值变换回原始的字符串,从数学原理上说,是因为原始的字符串有无穷多个,这有点象不存在反函数的数学函数。

一。spring自带的DigestUtils工具类

spring为我们提供了一个工具类,我们可以利用该工具类来对数据进行加密,其源码如下:

//
// Source code recreated from a .class file by IntelliJ IDEA
// (powered by Fernflower decompiler)
//

package org.springframework.util;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;

public abstract class DigestUtils {
    private static final String MD5_ALGORITHM_NAME = "MD5";
    private static final char[] HEX_CHARS = new char[]{'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'};

    public DigestUtils() {
    }

    public static byte[] md5Digest(byte[] bytes) {
        return digest("MD5", bytes);
    }

    public static byte[] md5Digest(InputStream inputStream) throws IOException {
        return digest("MD5", inputStream);
    }

    public static String md5DigestAsHex(byte[] bytes) {
        return digestAsHexString("MD5", bytes);
    }

    public static String md5DigestAsHex(InputStream inputStream) throws IOException {
        return digestAsHexString("MD5", inputStream);
    }

    public static StringBuilder appendMd5DigestAsHex(byte[] bytes, StringBuilder builder) {
        return appendDigestAsHex("MD5", bytes, builder);
    }

    public static StringBuilder appendMd5DigestAsHex(InputStream inputStream, StringBuilder builder) throws IOException {
        return appendDigestAsHex("MD5", inputStream, builder);
    }

    private static MessageDigest getDigest(String algorithm) {
        try {
            return MessageDigest.getInstance(algorithm);
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException var2) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Could not find MessageDigest with algorithm \"" + algorithm + "\"", var2);
        }
    }

    private static byte[] digest(String algorithm, byte[] bytes) {
        return getDigest(algorithm).digest(bytes);
    }

    private static byte[] digest(String algorithm, InputStream inputStream) throws IOException {
        MessageDigest messageDigest = getDigest(algorithm);
        if (inputStream instanceof UpdateMessageDigestInputStream) {
            ((UpdateMessageDigestInputStream)inputStream).updateMessageDigest(messageDigest);
            return messageDigest.digest();
        } else {
            byte[] buffer = new byte[4096];
            boolean var4 = true;

            int bytesRead;
            while((bytesRead = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                messageDigest.update(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
            }

            return messageDigest.digest();
        }
    }

    private static String digestAsHexString(String algorithm, byte[] bytes) {
        char[] hexDigest = digestAsHexChars(algorithm, bytes);
        return new String(hexDigest);
    }

    private static String digestAsHexString(String algorithm, InputStream inputStream) throws IOException {
        char[] hexDigest = digestAsHexChars(algorithm, inputStream);
        return new String(hexDigest);
    }

    private static StringBuilder appendDigestAsHex(String algorithm, byte[] bytes, StringBuilder builder) {
        char[] hexDigest = digestAsHexChars(algorithm, bytes);
        return builder.append(hexDigest);
    }

    private static StringBuilder appendDigestAsHex(String algorithm, InputStream inputStream, StringBuilder builder) throws IOException {
        char[] hexDigest = digestAsHexChars(algorithm, inputStream);
        return builder.append(hexDigest);
    }

    private static char[] digestAsHexChars(String algorithm, byte[] bytes) {
        byte[] digest = digest(algorithm, bytes);
        return encodeHex(digest);
    }

    private static char[] digestAsHexChars(String algorithm, InputStream inputStream) throws IOException {
        byte[] digest = digest(algorithm, inputStream);
        return encodeHex(digest);
    }

    private static char[] encodeHex(byte[] bytes) {
        char[] chars = new char[32];

        for(int i = 0; i < chars.length; i += 2) {
            byte b = bytes[i / 2];
            chars[i] = HEX_CHARS[b >>> 4 & 15];
            chars[i + 1] = HEX_CHARS[b & 15];
        }

        return chars;
    }
}

二。应用场景

其最经典的应用场景就是用户密码的加密,在很多操作系统中,用户的密码是以MD5值(或类似的其它算法)的方式保存的,用户Login的时候,系统是把用户输入的密码计算成MD5值,然后再去和数据库中保存的MD5值进行比较,而系统并不"知道"用户的密码是什么,大大提高了密码的安全性

三。加密方式

  //字符串密码md5加密
  String md5Pass = DigestUtils.md5DigestAsHex(password.getBytes());

四。数据库存值

在这里插入图片描述

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