python学习笔记-centos8更新pip3源

一、问题

centos8安装好python3.10之后，在安装软件时经常出现下载一半的现象，提示pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions.ReadTimeoutError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Read timed out.现象

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/base_command.py", line 164, in exc_logging_wrapper
    status = run_func(*args)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/req_command.py", line 205, in wrapper
    return func(self, options, args)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/install.py", line 339, in run
    reqs, check_supported_wheels=not options.target_dir
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/resolver.py", line 93, in resolve
    collected.requirements, max_rounds=try_to_avoid_resolution_too_deep
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/resolvers.py", line 482, in resolve
    state = resolution.resolve(requirements, max_rounds=max_rounds)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/resolvers.py", line 374, in resolve
    failure_causes = self._attempt_to_pin_criterion(name)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/resolvers.py", line 214, in _attempt_to_pin_criterion
    criteria = self._get_updated_criteria(candidate)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/resolvers.py", line 205, in _get_updated_criteria
    self._add_to_criteria(criteria, requirement, parent=candidate)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/resolvers.py", line 173, in _add_to_criteria
    if not criterion.candidates:
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/structs.py", line 151, in __bool__
    return bool(self._sequence)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/found_candidates.py", line 155, in __bool__
    return any(self)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/found_candidates.py", line 143, in 
    return (c for c in iterator if id(c) not in self._incompatible_ids)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/found_candidates.py", line 47, in _iter_built
    candidate = func()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/factory.py", line 206, in _make_candidate_from_link
    version=version,
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/candidates.py", line 287, in __init__
    version=version,
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/candidates.py", line 156, in __init__
    self.dist = self._prepare()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/candidates.py", line 225, in _prepare
    dist = self._prepare_distribution()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/candidates.py", line 292, in _prepare_distribution
    return preparer.prepare_linked_requirement(self._ireq, parallel_builds=True)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/prepare.py", line 482, in prepare_linked_requirement
    return self._prepare_linked_requirement(req, parallel_builds)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/prepare.py", line 528, in _prepare_l[global]
inked_requirement
    link, req.source_dir, self._download, self.download_dir, hashes
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/prepare.py", line 217, in unpack_url
    hashes=hashes,
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/prepare.py", line 94, in get_http_url
    from_path, content_type = download(link, temp_dir.path)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/download.py", line 145, in __call__
    for chunk in chunks:
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/progress_bars.py", line 144, in iter
    for x in it:
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/utils.py", line 87, in response_chunks
    decode_content=False,
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py", line 576, in stream
    data = self.read(amt=amt, decode_content=decode_content)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py", line 541, in read
    raise IncompleteRead(self._fp_bytes_read, self.length_remaining)
  File "/usr/lib64/python3.6/contextlib.py", line 99, in __exit__
    self.gen.throw(type, value, traceback)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py", line 443, in _error_catcher
    raise ReadTimeoutError(self._pool, None, "Read timed out.")
pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions.ReadTimeoutError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Read timed out.

二、解决办法 

解决方法：替换国内的pip3源

执行命令：

vi /etc/pip.conf

插入内容：

[global]
index-url=https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

保存退出后，安装速度很快。