Gray Code
The gray code is a binary numeral system where two successive values differ in only one bit.
Given a non-negative integer n representing the total number of bits in the code, print the sequence of gray code. A gray code sequence must begin with 0.
For example, given n = 2, return [0,1,3,2]
. Its gray code sequence is:
00 - 0 01 - 1 11 - 3 10 - 2
Note:
For a given n, a gray code sequence is not uniquely defined.
For example, [0,2,3,1]
is also a valid gray code sequence according to the above definition.
For now, the judge is able to judge based on one instance of gray code sequence. Sorry about that.
解法一:
列出前几个格雷码观察规律:
n=3
0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 1
0 1 0
1 1 0
1 1 1
1 0 1
1 0 0
可以发现,最右边第0位是以0110循环,第1位是以00111100循环……
由此可知,第j位在[2j, 2j+2j+1)是1,其余为0进行循环。每个循环段包含的格雷码总数为2j+2。
因此对于第i个格雷码的第j位,需要根据i判断落在第j循环段的0位还是1位。
将i从左往右扫一遍,确定0/1后左移,即可。
class Solution { public: vector<int> grayCode(int n) { vector<int> result; for(int i = 0; i < pow(2.0,n); i ++) {//2^n numbers int value = 0; for(int j = n-1; j >= 0; j --) {//jth digit from right to left int divisor = pow(2.0, j+2); int r = i%divisor; if(r >= pow(2.0, j) && r < pow(2.0, j)+pow(2.0, j+1)) value += 1; if(j == 0) break; value <<= 1; } result.push_back(value); } return result; } };
解法二:
n=0时,result={0}
n=1时,result={0,1}。1可以看做对0的第1位置1后再次加入。
n=2时,result={00,01,11,10}。11可以看做对01的第2位置1,10可以看做对00的第2位置1后再次加入。
……
即对result已有的中间结果,逆序处理,对每个成员的相应位置1。
class Solution { public: vector<int> grayCode(int n) { vector<int> ret(1, 0); for(int i = 0; i < n; i ++) { int size = ret.size(); for(int j = size-1; j >= 0; j --) { int num = ret[j]; num += 1<<i; ret.push_back(num); } } return ret; } };