CocoaPods安装失败 ERROR: Error installing cocoapods: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension

使用 Alamofire 需要基于 CocoaPods，但是在尝试安装 CocoaPods 的过程中遇到了很多问题，捣鼓了很久都失败了，最后经群里大佬的点播才安装成功，其实有的时候问题的解决方案很简单，希望这篇博文可以帮到你。

完整报错

yusael@air ~ % sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin cocoapods
Fetching cocoapods-trunk-1.6.0.gem
Fetching cocoapods-search-1.0.1.gem
Fetching cocoapods-plugins-1.0.0.gem
Fetching cocoapods-try-1.2.0.gem
Fetching cocoapods-downloader-1.5.1.gem
Fetching cocoapods-deintegrate-1.0.5.gem
Successfully installed cocoapods-try-1.2.0
Successfully installed cocoapods-trunk-1.6.0
Successfully installed cocoapods-search-1.0.1
Successfully installed cocoapods-plugins-1.0.0
Successfully installed cocoapods-downloader-1.5.1
Successfully installed cocoapods-deintegrate-1.0.5
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
ERROR:  Error installing cocoapods:
	ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
 
    current directory: /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/ffi-1.15.4/ext/ffi_c
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/bin/ruby -I /Library/Ruby/Site/2.6.0 -r ./siteconf20211110-79554-472vcj.rb extconf.rb
checking for ffi.h... *** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more details.  You may
need configuration options.
 
Provided configuration options:
	--with-opt-dir
	--without-opt-dir
	--with-opt-include
	--without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
	--with-opt-lib
	--without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
	--with-make-prog
	--without-make-prog
	--srcdir=.
	--curdir
	--ruby=/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
	--with-ffi_c-dir
	--without-ffi_c-dir
	--with-ffi_c-include
	--without-ffi_c-include=${ffi_c-dir}/include
	--with-ffi_c-lib
	--without-ffi_c-lib=${ffi_c-dir}/lib
	--enable-system-libffi
	--disable-system-libffi
	--with-libffi-config
	--without-libffi-config
	--with-pkg-config
	--without-pkg-config
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:467:in `try_do': The compiler failed to generate an executable file. (RuntimeError)
You have to install development tools first.
	from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:585:in `block in try_compile'
	from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:534:in `with_werror'
	from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:585:in `try_compile'
	from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:1109:in `block in have_header'
	from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:959:in `block in checking_for'
	from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:361:in `block (2 levels) in postpone'
	from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:331:in `open'
	from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:361:in `block in postpone'
	from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:331:in `open'
	from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:357:in `postpone'
	from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:958:in `checking_for'
	from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:1108:in `have_header'
	from extconf.rb:10:in `system_libffi_usable?'
	from extconf.rb:42:in `
'
To see why this extension failed to compile, please check the mkmf.log which can be found here:
  /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/extensions/universal-darwin-20/2.6.0/ffi-1.15.4/mkmf.log
extconf failed, exit code 1
Gem files will remain installed in /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/ffi-1.15.4 for inspection.
Results logged to /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/extensions/universal-darwin-20/2.6.0/ffi-1.15.4/gem_make.out

尝试安装

步骤：先安装homebrew，再更新Ruby，再安装CocoaPods。

注：很多网上博客要求安装rvm，其实rvm并非必须，只是更新Ruby的一种方式。

这里直接引用大佬的博客，参考如下：

1.macOS 系统安装 Homebrew

2.macOS 系统更新 Ruby

3.macOS 系统重新 CocoaPods

我的问题

一般来说按照上面的流程，基本都可以完成安装。这里说一下我的问题，我的问题是 Ruby 版本过低，安装成功前我的版本是 2.6.3p62，在我将 Ruby 版本更新到 3.0.2_1 后，再执行：sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin cocoapods 就安装成功啦！
这里主要一个问题是：通过 Homebrew 更新了最新的 Ruby，但是使用的时候不一定是最新的，所以导致安装失败。

（其实在上面引用的大佬的文章中有写配置最新的 Ruby 的环境变量，只是一开始没仔细看）

这里列出两个配置 Ruby 环境变量方法：

方法1：

echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/ruby/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc

方法2：

echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/ruby/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile
source ~/.bash_profile

通过 ruby -v 查看 Ruby 版本是否更新，更新成最新的以后再去尝试安装一下吧。