Docker - DockerFile

Docker - DockerFile

DockerFile 描述

dockerfile 是用来构建docker镜像的文件！命令参数脚本！

构建步骤：

1. 编写一个dockerfile 文件
2. docker build 构建成为一个镜像
3. docker run 运行脚本
4. docker push 发布镜像（dockerhub，阿里云镜像仓库！）

通过 Docker Hub 查看Centos，可以跳转到github查看构建代码

DockerFIle 构建

基础知识

1. 每个保留关键字（指令）都是必须是大写字母

2. 执行从上到下顺序执行

3. #表示注释

4. 每一个指令都会创建提交一个新的镜像层，并提交！

   

dockerfile是面向开发的，我们以后要发布项目，做镜像，就需要编写dockerfile文件。

docker镜像逐渐成为企业交付的标准，必须掌握！

步骤：开发，部署，运维

Dockerfile：构建文件，定义了一切的步骤，源代码

DockerImages：通过DockerFile构建生成的镜像，最终发布和运行的产品！

Docke容器：容器就是镜像运行起来提供服务器

DockerFile 指令

FROM			# 基础镜像，一切从这里开始构建
MAINTAINER		# 镜像是谁写的，姓名+邮箱
RUN				# 镜像构建的时候需要运行的命令
ADD				# 步骤：tomcat镜像，这个tomcat压缩包！添加内容
WORKDIR			# 镜像的工作目录
VOLUME			# 挂载目录
EXPOSE			# 保留端口配置
CMD				# 指定这个容器启动的时候要运行的命令，只有最后一个会生效，可被替代
ENTRYPOINT		# 指定这个容器启动的时候要运行的命令，可以追加命令
ONBUILD			# 当构建一个被继承 Dockerfile 这个时候就会运行 ONBUILD 的指定。触发指令
COPY			# 类似ADD，将我们文件拷贝到镜像中
ENV				# 构建的时候设置环境变量

DockerFile 测试

# 1 编写Dockerfile文件
[root@iZ2zeg7mctvft5renx1qvbZ dockerfiles]# cat mycentos                                                                                                                                                    
FROM centos:7                                                                                                                                                                                               
MAINTAINER wys<199@163.com>

ENV MYPATH /usr/local
WORKDIR $MYPATH

RUN yum -y install vim
RUN yum -y install net-tools

EXPOSE 80

CMD echo $MYPATH
CMD echo "----end----"
CMD /bin/bash

# 2 构建 Docker 镜像
[root@iZ2zeg7mctvft5renx1qvbZ dockerfiles]# docker build -f mycentos -t mycentos:0.1 .
[+] Building 67.7s (8/8) FINISHED                                                                                                                                                            docker:default
 => [internal] load build definition from mycentos                                                                                                                                                     0.0s
 => => transferring dockerfile: 237B                                                                                                                                                                   0.0s
 => [internal] load .dockerignore                                                                                                                                                                      0.0s
 => => transferring context: 2B                                                                                                                                                                        0.0s
 => [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/centos:7                                                                                                                                            3.0s
 => [1/4] FROM docker.io/library/centos:7@sha256:be65f488b7764ad3638f236b7b515b3678369a5124c47b8d32916d6487418ea4                                                                                     39.5s
 => => resolve docker.io/library/centos:7@sha256:be65f488b7764ad3638f236b7b515b3678369a5124c47b8d32916d6487418ea4                                                                                      0.0s
 => => sha256:be65f488b7764ad3638f236b7b515b3678369a5124c47b8d32916d6487418ea4 1.20kB / 1.20kB                                                                                                         0.0s
 => => sha256:dead07b4d8ed7e29e98de0f4504d87e8880d4347859d839686a31da35a3b532f 529B / 529B                                                                                                             0.0s
 => => sha256:eeb6ee3f44bd0b5103bb561b4c16bcb82328cfe5809ab675bb17ab3a16c517c9 2.75kB / 2.75kB                                                                                                         0.0s
 => => sha256:2d473b07cdd5f0912cd6f1a703352c82b512407db6b05b43f2553732b55df3bc 76.10MB / 76.10MB                                                                                                      35.8s
 => => extracting sha256:2d473b07cdd5f0912cd6f1a703352c82b512407db6b05b43f2553732b55df3bc                                                                                                              3.3s
 => [2/4] WORKDIR /usr/local                                                                                                                                                                           0.9s
 => [3/4] RUN yum -y install vim                                                                                                                                                                      19.9s
 => [4/4] RUN yum -y install net-tools                                                                                                                                                                 2.0s
 => exporting to image                                                                                                                                                                                 2.3s 
 => => exporting layers                                                                                                                                                                                2.2s 
 => => writing image sha256:afbe5424adac09891eefa5feabf9584f01638e7475eaca1789535fbe499c5ebd                                                                                                           0.0s 
 => => naming to docker.io/library/mycentos:0.1
 
 
 # 查看镜像的生成过程
 [root@iZ2zeg7mctvft5renx1qvbZ dockerfiles]# docker history afbe5424adac
IMAGE          CREATED         CREATED BY                                      SIZE      COMMENT
afbe5424adac   6 minutes ago   CMD ["/bin/sh" "-c" "/bin/bash"]                0B        buildkit.dockerfile.v0
<missing>      6 minutes ago   CMD ["/bin/sh" "-c" "echo \"----end----\""]     0B        buildkit.dockerfile.v0
<missing>      6 minutes ago   CMD ["/bin/sh" "-c" "echo $MYPATH"]             0B        buildkit.dockerfile.v0
<missing>      6 minutes ago   EXPOSE map[80/tcp:{}]                           0B        buildkit.dockerfile.v0
<missing>      6 minutes ago   RUN /bin/sh -c yum -y install net-tools # bu…   198MB     buildkit.dockerfile.v0
<missing>      6 minutes ago   RUN /bin/sh -c yum -y install vim # buildkit    284MB     buildkit.dockerfile.v0
<missing>      6 minutes ago   WORKDIR /usr/local                              0B        buildkit.dockerfile.v0
<missing>      6 minutes ago   ENV MYPATH=/usr/local                           0B        buildkit.dockerfile.v0
<missing>      6 minutes ago   MAINTAINER wys<199@163.com>                     0B        buildkit.dockerfile.v0
<missing>      2 years ago     /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/bash"]            0B        
<missing>      2 years ago     /bin/sh -c #(nop)  LABEL org.label-schema.sc…   0B        
<missing>      2 years ago     /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:b3ebbe8bd304723d4…   204MB

ENTRYPOINT & CMD 区别

【ENTRYPOINT】：追加执行 【CMD】：替换执行

CMD				# 指定这个容器启动的时候要运行的命令，只有最后一个会生效，可被替代
ENTRYPOINT		# 指定这个容器启动的时候要运行的命令，可以追加命令

# CMD 测试
[root@iZ2zeg7mctvft5renx1qvbZ dockerfiles]# cat mycentoscmd 
FROM centos
CMD ["ls","-a"]
[root@iZ2zeg7mctvft5renx1qvbZ dockerfiles]# docker run mycentoscmd
.
..
.dockerenv
bin
dev
etc
home
lib
lib64
lost+found
media
mnt
opt
proc
root
run
sbin
srv
sys
tmp
usr
var
[root@iZ2zeg7mctvft5renx1qvbZ dockerfiles]# docker run mycentoscmd -l
docker: Error response from daemon: failed to create task for container: failed to create shim task: OCI runtime create failed: runc create failed: unable to start container process: exec: "-l": executable file not found in $PATH: unknown.
ERRO[0000] error waiting for container:

# CMD 测试
[root@iZ2zeg7mctvft5renx1qvbZ dockerfiles]# cat mycentos-entrypoint
FROM centos
ENTRYPOINT ["ls","-a"]
[root@iZ2zeg7mctvft5renx1qvbZ dockerfiles]# docker run  mycentos-entrypoint 
.
..
.dockerenv
bin
dev
etc
home
lib
lib64
lost+found
media
mnt
opt
proc
root
run
sbin
srv
sys
tmp
usr
var
[root@iZ2zeg7mctvft5renx1qvbZ dockerfiles]# docker run  mycentos-entrypoint -l
total 0
drwxr-xr-x   1 root root   6 Nov 10 08:06 .
drwxr-xr-x   1 root root   6 Nov 10 08:06 ..
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root root   0 Nov 10 08:06 .dockerenv
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root   7 Nov  3  2020 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x   5 root root 340 Nov 10 08:06 dev
drwxr-xr-x   1 root root  66 Nov 10 08:06 etc
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root   6 Nov  3  2020 home
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root   7 Nov  3  2020 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root   9 Nov  3  2020 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwx------   2 root root   6 Sep 15  2021 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root   6 Nov  3  2020 media
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root   6 Nov  3  2020 mnt
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root   6 Nov  3  2020 opt
dr-xr-xr-x 132 root root   0 Nov 10 08:06 proc
dr-xr-x---   2 root root 162 Sep 15  2021 root
drwxr-xr-x  11 root root 163 Sep 15  2021 run
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root   8 Nov  3  2020 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root   6 Nov  3  2020 srv
dr-xr-xr-x  13 root root   0 Nov 10 08:06 sys
drwxrwxrwt   7 root root 171 Sep 15  2021 tmp
drwxr-xr-x  12 root root 144 Sep 15  2021 usr
drwxr-xr-x  20 root root 262 Sep 15  2021 var

构建 - tomcat

1. 准备镜像文件 tomcat 压缩包，jdk 压缩包
2. 编写dockerfile文件

[root@iZ2zeg7mctvft5renx1qvbZ tomcat]wget https://downloads.apache.org/tomcat/tomcat-9/v9.0.82/bin/apache-tomcat-9.0.82.tar.gz

[root@iZ2zeg7mctvft5renx1qvbZ tomcat]wget --no-check-certificate --no-cookies --header "Cookie:oraclelicense=accept-securebackup-cookie" http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u131-b11/d54c1d3a095b4ff2b6607d096fa80163/jdk-8u131-linux-x64.rpm
[root@iZ2zeg7mctvft5renx1qvbZ tomcat]wget --no-check-certificate --no-cookies --header "Cookie:oraclelicense=accept-securebackup-cookie" http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u131-b11/d54c1d3a095b4ff2b6607d096fa80163/jdk-8u131-linux-x64.tar.gz


[root@iZ2zeg7mctvft5renx1qvbZ tomcat]# pwd
/root/dockerfiles/tomcat
[root@iZ2zeg7mctvft5renx1qvbZ tomcat]# ls
apache-tomcat-9.0.82.tar.gz  jdk-8u131-linux-x64.tar.gz  readme.txt


# 编写dockerfile文件，官方命名 `Dockerfile`, build会自动寻找这个文件，就不需要-f 指定了
FROM centos:7
MAINTAINER maomao<1213213@qq.com>

# 复制文件
COPY readme.txt /usr/local/readme.txt

# 将压缩包复制到镜像
ADD jdk-8u131-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local/
ADD apache-tomcat-9.0.82.tar.gz /usr/local/

# 安装vim
RUN yum -y install vim

# 设置工具目录
ENV MYPATH /usr/local
WORKDIR $MYPATH

# 设置环境变量
ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_131
ENV CLASSPATH $JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
ENV CATALINA_HOME /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.82
ENV CATALINA_BASH /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.82
ENV PATH $PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$CATALINA_HOME/lib:$CATALINA_HOME/bin

# 暴露端口
EXPOSE 8080

# 执行tomcat
CMD /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.82/bin/startup.sh && tail -F /url/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.82/bin/logs/catalina.out


# 执行 build docker镜像
[root@iZ2zeg7mctvft5renx1qvbZ tomcat]# docker build -t tomcat .
[+] Building 26.1s (11/11) FINISHED                                                                                                                                                             docker:default
 => [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile                                                                                                                                                      0.0s
 => => transferring dockerfile: 804B                                                                                                                                                                      0.0s
 => [internal] load .dockerignore                                                                                                                                                                         0.0s
 => => transferring context: 2B                                                                                                                                                                           0.0s
 => [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/centos:7                                                                                                                                               0.7s
 => CACHED [1/6] FROM docker.io/library/centos:7@sha256:be65f488b7764ad3638f236b7b515b3678369a5124c47b8d32916d6487418ea4                                                                                  0.0s
 => [internal] load build context                                                                                                                                                                         0.0s
 => => transferring context: 126B                                                                                                                                                                         0.0s
 => [2/6] COPY readme.txt /usr/local/readme.txt                                                                                                                                                           0.0s
 => [3/6] ADD jdk-8u131-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local/                                                                                                                                                      5.3s
 => [4/6] ADD apache-tomcat-9.0.82.tar.gz /usr/local/                                                                                                                                                     0.3s
 => [5/6] RUN yum -y install vim                                                                                                                                                                         15.6s
 => [6/6] WORKDIR /usr/local                                                                                                                                                                              0.1s
 => exporting to image                                                                                                                                                                                    3.9s
 => => exporting layers                                                                                                                                                                                   3.9s
 => => writing image sha256:b1ef32328c3c25f035586a53f3ee10778892a593780232e2c6cf139e9ca8659e                                                                                                              0.0s
 => => naming to docker.io/library/tomcat                                                                                                                                                                 0.0s
[root@iZ2zeg7mctvft5renx1qvbZ tomcat]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
tomcat       latest    b1ef32328c3c   10 seconds ago   881MB


# 启动该镜像的窗口
[root@iZ2zeg7mctvft5renx1qvbZ ~]# docker run -d -p 8080:8080 --name tomcat -v /home/build/tomcat/test/:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.82/webapps/test -v /home/build/tomcat/tomcatlogs/:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.82/logs tomcat
06f1d3e98ec482bbba48e57d96c11867bbdbe61474d0674e81556da0ffc9d226

# 编写 test/WEB-INF/web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
         id="WebApp_ID"
         version="2.5">

</web-app>

# 编写 test/index.jsp 进行测试
<% System.out.println("----"); %>

发布镜像 －待注册账号

b站地址：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1og4y1q7M4?p=31&vd_source=1909d91dc66b390476f77def15c24fba

1. 地址：https://hub.docker.com/ 注册自己的账号！
2. 确定这个账号可以登录
3. 在服务器上提交自己的镜像

[root@iZ2zeg7mctvft5renx1qvbZ tomcatlogs]# docker login --help

Usage:  docker login [OPTIONS] [SERVER]

Log in to a registry.
If no server is specified, the default is defined by the daemon.

Options:
  -p, --password string   Password
      --password-stdin    Take the password from stdin
  -u, --username string   Username

4. 登录完毕后就可以提交镜像了，就是一步 docker push

阿里云发布

1. 登录阿里云

2. 进入【容器镜像服务】并 开启个人实例 【创建命名空间，创建镜像仓库】

3. 按操作指南进行操作即可

   镜像仓库名好比于当前你发布的容器名

# 登录
[root@iZ2zeg7mctvft5renx1qvbZ ~]# docker login --username=*** registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com
Password:
WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store

Login Succeeded
[root@iZ2zeg7mctvft5renx1qvbZ ~]#

# 拉取镜像
[root@iZ2zeg7mctvft5renx1qvbZ ~]# docker pull registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/am98/tomcat:1.0
1.0: Pulling from am98/tomcat
2d473b07cdd5: Already exists
2045650e548c: Already exists
ca2b114dc7e9: Already exists
fa427a442e19: Already exists
1e0f8f1a4b3d: Already exists
4f4fb700ef54: Already exists
Digest: sha256:c7011cb830a34e26902ae7ac1c5f6c379088d9fde276f7c93942328a85f9f3b7
Status: Downloaded newer image for registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/am98/tomcat:1.0
registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/am98/tomcat:1.0
[root@iZ2zeg7mctvft5renx1qvbZ ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY                                     TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/am98/tomcat   1.0       b1ef32328c3c   2 hours ago   881MB

# 修改镜像名:版本号
[root@iZ2zeg7mctvft5renx1qvbZ ~]# docker tag b1ef32328c3c  registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/am98/tomcat:1.0

# 提交镜像
[root@iZ2zeg7mctvft5renx1qvbZ ~]# docker push registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/am98/tomcat:1.0
The push refers to repository [registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/am98/tomcat]
5f70bf18a086: Pushed
bb6cd3e44e82: Pushed
801a43a0316f: Pushed
b3f9f3df333b: Pushed
1d2219e9e671: Pushed
174f56854903: Pushed
1.0: digest: sha256:c7011cb830a34e26902ae7ac1c5f6c379088d9fde276f7c93942328a85f9f3b7 size: 1579