k8s 对外服务之 Ingress

LB + ingress
//Ingress 简介
service的作用体现在两个方面,对集群内部,它不断跟踪pod的变化,更新endpoint中对应pod的对象,提供了ip不断变化的pod的服务发现机制;对集群外部,他类似负载均衡器,可以在集群内外部对pod进行访问。

在Kubernetes中,Pod的IP地址和service的ClusterIP仅可以在集群网络内部使用,对于集群外的应用是不可见的。为了使外部的应用能够访问集群内的服务,Kubernetes目前提供了以下几种方案:
●NodePort:将service暴露在节点网络上,NodePort背后就是Kube-Proxy,Kube-Proxy是沟通service网络、Pod网络和节点网络的桥梁。
测试环境使用还行,当有几十上百的服务在集群中运行时,NodePort的端口管理就是个灾难。因为每个端口只能是一种服务,端口范围只能是 30000-32767。

●LoadBalancer:通过设置LoadBalancer映射到云服务商提供的LoadBalancer地址。这种用法仅用于在公有云服务提供商的云平台上设置 Service 的场景。受限于云平台,且通常在云平台部署LoadBalancer还需要额外的费用。
在service提交后,Kubernetes就会调用CloudProvider在公有云上为你创建一个负载均衡服务,并且把被代理的Pod的IP地址配置给负载均衡服务做后端。

●externalIPs:service允许为其分配外部IP,如果外部IP路由到集群中一个或多个Node上,Service会被暴露给这些externalIPs。通过外部IP进入到集群的流量,将会被路由到Service的Endpoint上。

●Ingress:只需一个或者少量的公网IP和LB,即可同时将多个HTTP服务暴露到外网,七层反向代理。
可以简单理解为service的service,它其实就是一组基于域名和URL路径,把用户的请求转发到一个或多个service的规则。

//Ingress 组成
●ingress: nginx配置文件
ingress是一个API对象,通过yaml文件来配置,ingress对象的作用是定义请求如何转发到service的规则,可以理解为配置模板。
ingress通过http或https暴露集群内部service,给service提供外部URL、负载均衡、SSL/TLS以及基于域名的反向代理。ingress要依靠 ingress-controller 来具体实现以上功能。

●ingress-controller: 当做反向代理或者说是转发器
ingress-controller是具体实现反向代理及负载均衡的程序,对ingress定义的规则进行解析,根据配置的规则来实现请求转发。
ingress-controller并不是k8s自带的组件,实际上ingress-controller只是一个统称,用户可以选择不同的ingress-controller实现,目前,由k8s维护的ingress-controller只有google云的GCE与ingress-nginx两个,其他还有很多第三方维护的ingress-controller,具体可以参考官方文档。但是不管哪一种ingress-controller,实现的机制都大同小异,只是在具体配置上有差异。
一般来说,ingress-controller的形式都是一个pod,里面跑着daemon程序和反向代理程序。daemon负责不断监控集群的变化,根据 ingress对象生成配置并应用新配置到反向代理,比如ingress-nginx就是动态生成nginx配置,动态更新upstream,并在需要的时候reload程序应用新配置。为了方便,后面的例子都以k8s官方维护的ingress-nginx为例。

Ingress-Nginx github 地址:https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx
Ingress-Nginx 官方网站:https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx/

总结:

ingress-controller才是负责具体转发的组件,通过各种方式将它暴露在集群入口,外部对集群的请求流量会先到 ingress-controller, 而ingress对象是用来告诉ingress-controller该如何转发请求,比如哪些域名、哪些URL要转发到哪些service等等。

Ingress 工作原理

1)ingress-controller通过和 kubernetes APIServer 交互,动态的去感知集群中ingress规则变化,
(2)然后读取它,按照自定义的规则,规则就是写明了哪个域名对应哪个service,生成一段nginx配置,
(3)再写到nginx-ingress-controller的pod里,这个ingress-controller的pod里运行着一个Nginx服务,控制器会把生成的 nginx配置写入 /etc/nginx.conf文件中,
(4)然后reload一下使配置生效。以此达到域名区分配置和动态更新的作用。

部署 nginx-ingress-controller
1、部署ingress-controller pod及相关资源

mkdir /opt/ingress
cd /opt/ingress

官方下载地址:

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/nginx-0.25.0/deploy/static/mandatory.yaml

上面可能无法下载,可用国内的 gitee

wget https://gitee.com/mirrors/ingress-nginx/raw/nginx-0.25.0/deploy/static/mandatory.yaml
wget https://gitee.com/mirrors/ingress-nginx/raw/nginx-0.30.0/deploy/static/mandatory.yaml

#mandatory.yaml文件中包含了很多资源的创建,包括namespace、ConfigMap、role,ServiceAccount等等所有部署ingress-controller需要的资源。

2、修改 ClusterRole 资源配置

vim mandatory.yaml
......
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
#RBAC相关资源从1.17版本开始改用rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1,rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1在1.22版本即将弃用
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-clusterrole
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - configmaps
      - endpoints
      - nodes
      - pods
      - secrets
    verbs:
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - nodes
    verbs:
      - get
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - services
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - "extensions"
      - "networking.k8s.io"    # (0.25版本)增加 networking.k8s.io Ingress 资源的 api 
    resources:
      - ingresses
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - events
    verbs:
      - create
      - patch
  - apiGroups:
      - "extensions"
      - "networking.k8s.io"   # (0.25版本)增加 networking.k8s.io/v1 Ingress 资源的 api 
    resources:
      - ingresses/status
    verbs:
      - update

//ingress 暴露服务的方式

●方式一:Deployment+LoadBalancer 模式的 Service
如果要把ingress部署在公有云,那用这种方式比较合适。用Deployment部署ingress-controller,创建一个 type为 LoadBalancer 的 service 关联这组 pod。大部分公有云,都会为 LoadBalancer 的 service 自动创建一个负载均衡器,通常还绑定了公网地址。 只要把域名解析指向该地址,就实现了集群服务的对外暴露

●方式二:DaemonSet+HostNetwork+nodeSelector
用DaemonSet结合nodeselector来部署ingress-controller到特定的node上,然后使用HostNetwork直接把该pod与宿主机node的网络打通,直接使用宿主机的80/433端口就能访问服务。这时,ingress-controller所在的node机器就很类似传统架构的边缘节点,比如机房入口的nginx服务器。该方式整个请求链路最简单,性能相对NodePort模式更好。缺点是由于直接利用宿主机节点的网络和端口,一个node只能部署一个ingress-controller pod。 比较适合大并发的生产环境使用。

●方式三:Deployment+NodePort模式的Service
同样用deployment模式部署ingress-controller,并创建对应的service,但是type为NodePort。这样,ingress就会暴露在集群节点ip的特定端口上。由于nodeport暴露的端口是随机端口,一般会在前面再搭建一套负载均衡器来转发请求。该方式一般用于宿主机是相对固定的环境ip地址不变的场景。
NodePort方式暴露ingress虽然简单方便,但是NodePort多了一层NAT,在请求量级很大时可能对性能会有一定影响。

//采用方式二:DaemonSet+HostNetwork+nodeSelector
3、指定 nginx-ingress-controller 运行在 node02 节点

kubectl label node node02 ingress=true

kubectl get nodes --show-labels

4、修改 Deployment 为 DaemonSet ,指定节点运行,并开启 hostNetwork 网络

vim mandatory.yaml
...
apiVersion: apps/v1
# 修改 kind
# kind: Deployment
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-controller
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
spec:
# 删除Replicas
# replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
      app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
      annotations:
        prometheus.io/port: "10254"
        prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
    spec:
      # 使用主机网络
      hostNetwork: true
      # 选择节点运行
      nodeSelector:
        ingress: "true"
      serviceAccountName: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount
......

5、在所有 node 节点上传 nginx-ingress-controller 镜像压缩包 ingree.contro.tar.gz 到 /opt/ingress 目录,并解压和加载镜像

cd /opt/ingress
tar zxvf ingree.contro.tar.gz
docker load -i ingree.contro.tar

6、启动 nginx-ingress-controller

//nginx-ingress-controller 已经运行 node02 节点

kubectl get pod -n ingress-nginx -o wide
NAME                             READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP              NODE     NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
nginx-ingress-controller-99h72   1/1     Running   0          93s   192.168.10.21   node02   <none>           <none>
kubectl get cm,daemonset -n ingress-nginx -o wide
NAME                                        DATA   AGE
configmap/ingress-controller-leader-nginx   0      100s
configmap/nginx-configuration               0      102s
configmap/tcp-services                      0      102s
configmap/udp-services                      0      102s

NAME                       DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   NODE SELECTOR   AGE
nginx-ingress-controller   1         1         1       1            1           ingress=true    16m

//到 node02 节点查看

netstat -lntp | grep nginx
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      7131/nginx: master  
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:8181            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      7131/nginx: master  
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:443             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      7131/nginx: master  
tcp6       0      0 :::10254                :::*                    LISTEN      7098/nginx-ingress- 

由于配置了 hostnetwork,nginx 已经在 node 主机本地监听 80/443/8181 端口。其中 8181 是 nginx-controller 默认配置的一个 default backend(Ingress 资源没有匹配的 rule 对象时,流量就会被导向这个 default backend)。
这样,只要访问 node 主机有公网 IP,就可以直接映射域名来对外网暴露服务了。如果要 nginx 高可用的话,可以在多个 node
上部署,并在前面再搭建一套 LVS+keepalived 做负载均衡。

7、创建 ingress 规则
//创建一个 deploy 和 svc

vim service-nginx.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-app
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: nginx
          image: nginx
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
          ports:
            - containerPort: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: nginx-app-svc
spec:
  type: ClusterIP
  ports:
  - protocol: TCP
    port: 80
    targetPort: 80
  selector:
    app: nginx

创建 ingress
#方法一:(extensions/v1beta1 Ingress 在1.22版本即将弃用)

vim ingress-app.yaml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: nginx-app-ingress
spec:
  rules:
  - host: www.xiaoma.com
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        backend:
          serviceName: nginx-app-svc
          servicePort: 80

#方法二:

vim ingress-app.yaml	  
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: nginx-app-ingress
spec:
  rules:
  - host: www.xiaoma.com
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        pathType: Prefix     
        backend:
          service:
            name: nginx-app-svc
            port:
              number: 80
kubectl apply -f service-nginx.yaml
kubectl apply -f ingress-app.yaml
kubectl get pods
NAME                         READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-app-7bffc778db-sw2hl   1/1     Running   0          42s
nginx-app-7bffc778db-xsd5q   1/1     Running   0          42s
kubectl get ingress
NAME                HOSTS         ADDRESS   PORTS   AGE
nginx-app-ingress   www.xiaoma.com             80      39s

8、测试访问
//本地 host 添加域名解析

vim /etc/hosts
192.168.10.19 master
192.168.10.20 node01
192.168.10.21 node02
192.168.10.21 www.xiaoma.com
curl www.xiaoma.com

9、查看 nginx-ingress-controller

kubectl get pod -n ingress-nginx -o wide
NAME                             READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP              NODE     NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
nginx-ingress-controller-99h72   1/1     Running   0          93s   192.168.10.21   node02   <none>           <none>

kubectl exec -it nginx-ingress-controller-99h72 -n ingress-nginx /bin/bash
 # more /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
//可以看到从 start server www.xiaoma.com 到 end server www.xiaoma.com 之间包含了此域名用于反向代理的配置

//采用方式三:Deployment+NodePort模式的Service
1、下载 nginx-ingress-controller 和 ingress-nginx 暴露端口配置文件

mkdir /opt/ingress-nodeport
cd /opt/ingress-nodeport

官方下载地址:

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/nginx-0.30.0/deploy/static/mandatory.yaml
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/nginx-0.30.0/deploy/static/provider/baremetal/service-nodeport.yaml

国内 gitee 资源地址:

wget https://gitee.com/mirrors/ingress-nginx/raw/nginx-0.30.0/deploy/static/mandatory.yaml
wget https://gitee.com/mirrors/ingress-nginx/raw/nginx-0.30.0/deploy/static/provider/baremetal/service-nodeport.yaml

2、在所有 node 节点上传镜像包 ingress-controller-0.30.0.tar 到 /opt/ingress-nodeport 目录,并加载镜像

docker load -i ingress-controller-0.30.0.tar

3、启动 nginx-ingress-controller

kubectl apply -f mandatory.yaml
kubectl apply -f service-nodeport.yaml
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

//如果K8S Pod 调度失败,在 kubectl describe pod资源时显示:

Warning  FailedScheduling  18s (x2 over 18s)  default-scheduler  0/2 nodes are available: 2 node(s) didn't match node selector

解决方案:

1. 给需要调度的node加上对应标签
# 相对上面这个Yaml文件的例子
kubectl label nodes node_name kubernetes.io/os=linux
  1. 删除Yaml文件中的nodeSelector,如果对节点没有要求的话,直接删除节点选择器即可
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

kubectl get pod,svc -n ingress-nginx
NAME                                            READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod/nginx-ingress-controller-7fcf8df75d-x47l8   1/1     Running   0          21m

NAME                    TYPE       CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                      AGE
service/ingress-nginx   NodePort   10.96.67.119   <none>        80:32383/TCP,443:32133/TCP   2s

//Ingress HTTP 代理访问

cd /opt/ingress-nodeport

#创建 deployment、Service、Ingress Yaml 资源

vim ingress-nginx.yaml 
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-app
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      name: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        name: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: nginx
          image: nginx
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
          ports:
            - containerPort: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: nginx-svc
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 80
      targetPort: 80
      protocol: TCP
  selector:
    name: nginx
---
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: nginx-test
spec:
  rules:
  - host: www.my.com
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        pathType: Prefix
        backend:
          service: 
            name: nginx-svc
            port:
              number: 80
kubectl apply -f ingress-nginx.yaml
kubectl get svc,pods -o wide
NAME                 TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE   SELECTOR
service/kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.96.0.1       <none>        443/TCP   8h    <none>
service/nginx-svc    ClusterIP   10.96.212.214   <none>        80/TCP    65s   name=nginx

NAME                             READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP           NODE     NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
pod/nginx-app-65d7b99f6b-l4g65   1/1     Running   0          65s   10.244.1.8   node01   <none>           <none>
pod/nginx-app-65d7b99f6b-zcqgp   1/1     Running   0          65s   10.244.2.8   node02   <none>           <none>
kubectl exec -it pod/nginx-app-65d7b99f6b-l4g65 bash
 # cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
 # echo 'this is web1' >> index.html 

kubectl exec -it pod/nginx-app-65d7b99f6b-zcqgp bash
 # cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
 # echo 'this is web2' >> index.html

#测试访问

curl 10.96.212.214
kubectl get svc -n ingress-nginx
NAME            TYPE       CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                      AGE
ingress-nginx   NodePort   10.96.67.119   <none>        80:32383/TCP,443:32133/TCP   59m

#本地 host 添加域名解析

vim /etc/hosts
192.168.10.19 master
192.168.10.20 node01
192.168.10.21 node02
192.168.80.21 www.xiaoma.com www.my.com

#外部访问

curl http://www.my.com:32383

//Ingress HTTP 代理访问虚拟主机

mkdir /opt/ingress-nodeport/vhost
cd /opt/ingress-nodeport/vhost

#创建虚拟主机1资源

vim deployment1.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: deployment1
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      name: nginx1
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        name: nginx1
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: nginx1
          image: soscscs/myapp:v1
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
          ports:
            - containerPort: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: svc-1
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 80
      targetPort: 80
      protocol: TCP
  selector:
    name: nginx1
	
kubectl apply -f deployment1.yaml

#创建虚拟主机2资源

vim deployment2.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: deployment2
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      name: nginx2
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        name: nginx2
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: nginx2
          image: soscscs/myapp:v2
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
          ports:
            - containerPort: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: svc-2
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 80
      targetPort: 80
      protocol: TCP
  selector:
    name: nginx2
	
	
kubectl apply -f deployment2.yaml

#创建ingress资源

vim ingress-nginx.yaml
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: ingress1
spec:
  rules:
    - host: www1.xiaoma.com
      http:
        paths:
        - path: /
          pathType: Prefix
          backend:
            service: 
              name: svc-1
              port:
                number: 80
---
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: ingress2
spec:
  rules:
    - host: www2.xiaoma.com
      http:
        paths:
        - path: /
          pathType: Prefix
          backend:
            service: 
              name: svc-2
              port:
                number: 80


kubectl apply -f ingress-nginx.yaml

#测试访问

kubectl get svc -n ingress-nginx
NAME            TYPE       CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                      AGE
ingress-nginx   NodePort   10.96.67.119   <none>        80:32383/TCP,443:32133/TCP   176m
curl www1.xiaoma.com:32383
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
curl www2.xiaoma.com:32383
Hello MyApp | Version: v2 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>

//Ingress HTTPS 代理访问

mkdir /opt/ingress-nodeport/https
cd /opt/ingress-nodeport/https

#创建ssl证书

openssl req -x509 -sha256 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout tls.key -out tls.crt -subj "/CN=nginxsvc/O=nginxsvc"

#创建 secret 资源进行存储

kubectl create secret tls tls-secret --key tls.key --cert tls.crt
kubectl get secret
NAME                  TYPE                                  DATA   AGE
tls-secret            kubernetes.io/tls                     2      2m22s


kubectl describe secret tls-secret
------
Name:         tls-secret
Namespace:    default
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  <none>

Type:  kubernetes.io/tls

Data
====
tls.crt:  1143 bytes
tls.key:  1704 bytes

#创建 deployment、Service、Ingress Yaml 资源

vim ingress-https.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-app
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      name: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        name: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: nginx
          image: nginx
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
          ports:
            - containerPort: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: nginx-svc
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 80
      targetPort: 80
      protocol: TCP
  selector:
    name: nginx
---
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: nginx-https
spec:
  tls:
    - hosts:
      - www3.xiaoma.com
      secretName: tls-secret
  rules:
    - host: www3.xiaoma.com
      http:
        paths:
        - path: /
          pathType: Prefix
          backend:
            service: 
              name: nginx-svc
              port:
                number: 80


kubectl apply -f ingress-https.yaml
kubectl get svc -n ingress-nginx
NAME            TYPE       CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                      AGE
ingress-nginx   NodePort   10.96.67.119   <none>        80:32383/TCP,443:32133/TCP   3h41m

#访问测试

在宿主机的 C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts 文件中添加 192.168.80.10 www3.xiaoma.com 记录。
使用谷歌浏览器访问 https://www3.xiaoma.com:32133

//Nginx 进行 BasicAuth

mkdir /opt/ingress-nodeport/basic-auth
cd /opt/ingress-nodeport/basic-auth

#生成用户密码认证文件,创建 secret 资源进行存储

yum -y install httpd
htpasswd -c auth zhangsan			#认证文件名必须为 auth
kubectl create secret generic basic-auth --from-file=auth

#创建 ingress 资源

vim ingress-auth.yaml
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: ingress-auth
  annotations:
    #设置认证类型basic
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-type: basic
	#设置secret资源名称basic-auth
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-secret: basic-auth
	#设置认证窗口提示信息
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-realm: 'Authentication Required - zhangsan'
spec:
  rules:
  - host: auth.kgc.com
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        pathType: Prefix
        backend:
          service: 
            name: nginx-svc
            port:
              number: 80
//具体详细设置方法可参考官网https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx/examples/auth/basic/

kubectl apply -f ingress-auth.yaml

#访问测试

kubectl get svc -n ingress-nginx
NAME            TYPE       CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                      AGE
ingress-nginx   NodePort   10.96.67.119   <none>        80:32383/TCP,443:32133/TCP   8h

echo ‘192.168.10.19 auth.xiaoma.com’ >> /etc/hosts

浏览器访问:http://auth.kgc.com:32383

//Nginx 进行重写
#metadata.annotations 配置说明

●nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: <字符串> #必须重定向流量的目标URI
●nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-redirect: <布尔值> #指示位置部分是否仅可访问SSL(当Ingress包含证书时,默认为true)
●nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/force-ssl-redirect: <布尔值> #即使Ingress未启用TLS,也强制重定向到HTTPS
●nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/app-root: <字符串> #定义Controller必须重定向的应用程序根,如果它在'/'上下文中
●nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/use-regex: <布尔值> #指示Ingress上定义的路径是否使用正则表达式
vim ingress-rewrite.yaml
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: nginx-rewrite
  annotations:
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: http://www1.xiaoma.com:32383
spec:
  rules:
  - host: re.xiaoma.com
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        pathType: Prefix
        backend:
		  #由于re.xiaoma.com只是用于跳转不需要真实站点存在,因此svc资源名称可随意定义
          service: 
            name: nginx-svc
            port:
              number: 80


kubectl apply -f ingress-rewrite.yaml
echo '192.168.10.21 re.xiaoma.com' >> /etc/hosts
浏览器访问:http://re.xiaoma.com:32383

//总结

ingress是k8s集群的请求入口,可以理解为对多个service的再次抽象
通常说的ingress一般包括ingress资源对象及ingress-controller两部分组成
ingress-controller有多种实现,社区原生的是ingress-nginx,根据具体需求选择
ingress自身的暴露有多种方式,需要根据基础环境及业务类型选择合适的方式

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