linux parted给磁盘分区
概述
通常我们用的比较多的分区工具是
fdisk命令，但由于fdisk只支持MBR分区，MBR分区表最大支撑2T的磁盘，所以无法划分大于2T的分区。而parted工具可以划分单个分区大于2T的GPT格式的分区，也可以划分普通的MBR分区。
1.查看磁盘大小
因磁盘大小超过2T，用fdisk划分磁盘时，最多只划出2T的磁盘。所以，改用parted命令划分
# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 447.1G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 5G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 442.1G 0 part
├─rootvg-root 253:0 0 100G 0 lvm /
├─rootvg-swap 253:1 0 32G 0 lvm [SWAP]
├─rootvg-bomc 253:2 0 130.1G 0 lvm /bomc
├─rootvg-home 253:3 0 80G 0 lvm /home
└─rootvg-var 253:4 0 100G 0 lvm /var
sdb 8:16 0 80.1T 0 disk
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom 1.1parted常用命令及说明
check NUMBER 做一次简单的文件系统检测
cp [FROM-DEVICE] FROM-NUMBER TO-NUMBER 复制文件系统到另一个分区
help [COMMAND] 显示所有的命令帮助
mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE 创建新的磁盘卷标（分区表）
mkfs NUMBER FS-TYPE 在分区上建立文件系统
mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END 创建一个分区
mkpartfs PART-TYPE FS-TYPE START END 创建分区，并建立文件系统
move NUMBER START END 移动分区
name NUMBER NAME 给分区命名
print [devices|free|list,all|NUMBER] 显示分区表、活动设备、空闲空间、所有分区
quit 退出
rescue START END 修复丢失的分区
resize NUMBER START END 修改分区大小
rm NUMBER 删除分区
select DEVICE 选择需要编辑的设备
set NUMBER FLAG STATE 改变分区标记
toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]] 切换分区表的状态
unit UNIT 设置默认的单位
Version 显示版本
1.2 parted常用的选项
-h –help 显示此求助信息
-l –list 列出所有设别的分区信息
-i –interactive 在必要时，提示用户
-s –script 从不提示用户
-v -version 显示版本2.划分磁盘
2.1 选择分区
# parted /dev/sdb
GNU Parted 3.2
Using /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted)2.2 创建分区
# mklabel
New disk label type? gpt
Warning: The existing disk label on /dev/sdb will be destroyed and all data on this disk will be lost. Do you want to continue?
Yes/No? yes
(parted) 2.3 完成分区操作
# mkpart
Partition name? []? sdb1
File system type? [ext2]? xfs
Start? 0
End? 20%
Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance: 34s % 5632s != 0s
Ignore/Cancel? Ignore
(parted)
(parted) print
Model: ZTE LOGICAL VOLUME (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 88.0TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 17.4kB 17.6TB 17.6TB xfs sdb12.4 分区错误，删除分区
# mkpart
Partition name? []? sdb1
File system type? [ext2]? xfs
Start? 20%
End?
End? 30%
(parted) rm sdb1
Error: Expecting a partition number.
(parted) rm 1
(parted)
(parted) print
Model: ZTE LOGICAL VOLUME (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 88.0TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags2.5 验证分区
print出信息，看是否符合预期
# print
Model: ZTE LOGICAL VOLUME (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 88.0TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 17.4kB 17.6TB 17.6TB xfs sdb1
2.6 再依次划分其他盘
# mkpart
Partition name? []? sdb2
File system type? [ext2]? xfs
Start? 20%
End? 40%
(parted)
(parted) priint
Model: ZTE LOGICAL VOLUME (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 88.0TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 17.4kB 17.6TB 17.6TB xfs sdb1
2 17.6TB 35.2TB 17.6TB xfs sdb2
# mkpart
Partition name? []? sdb3
File system type? [ext2]? xfs
Start? 40%
End? 60%
(parted)
(parted) mkpart
Partition name? []? sdb4
File system type? [ext2]? xfs
Start? 60%
End? 80%
(parted)
(parted) mkpart
Partition name? []? sdb5
File system type? [ext2]? xfs
Start? 80%
End? 100%
(parted)
(parted) print
Model: ZTE LOGICAL VOLUME (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 88.0TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 17.4kB 17.6TB 17.6TB xfs sdb1
2 17.6TB 35.2TB 17.6TB xfs sdb2
3 35.2TB 52.8TB 17.6TB xfs sdb3
4 52.8TB 70.4TB 17.6TB xfs sdb4
5 70.4TB 88.0TB 17.6TB xfs sdb5
(parted) quit
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.2.7 格式化分区
quit退出parted交互，使用mkfs给新建的分区格式化
2.7.1 lsblk查看磁盘结构
# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 447.1G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 5G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 442.1G 0 part
├─rootvg-root 253:0 0 100G 0 lvm /
├─rootvg-swap 253:1 0 32G 0 lvm [SWAP]
├─rootvg-bomc 253:2 0 130.1G 0 lvm /bomc
├─rootvg-home 253:3 0 80G 0 lvm /home
└─rootvg-var 253:4 0 100G 0 lvm /var
sdb 8:16 0 80.1T 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 16T 0 part
├─sdb2 8:18 0 16T 0 part
├─sdb3 8:19 0 16T 0 part
├─sdb4 8:20 0 16T 0 part
└─sdb5 8:21 0 16T 0 part
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
[root@hkcrmlog08 ~]# 2.7.2 fdisk -l 查看磁盘
# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 447.1 GiB, 480068075520 bytes, 937632960 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 262144 bytes / 262144 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x604ee21e
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 * 2048 10487807 10485760 5G 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 10487808 937631743 927143936 442.1G 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sdb: 80.1 TiB, 88016821370880 bytes, 171907854240 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 262144 bytes / 2883584 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 72F44DFD-4B36-4ADD-8A51-40308B207C55
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sdb1 34 34381570847 34381570814 16T Linux filesystem
/dev/sdb2 34381574656 68763143679 34381569024 16T Linux filesystem
/dev/sdb3 68763143680 103144712703 34381569024 16T Linux filesystem
/dev/sdb4 103144712704 137526281727 34381569024 16T Linux filesystem
/dev/sdb5 137526281728 171907850751 34381569024 16T Linux filesystem
Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.2.7.3 对盘进行格式化
# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1
warning: device is not properly aligned /dev/sdb1
Use -f to force usage of a misaligned device
[root@hkcrmlog08 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb2
meta-data=/dev/sdb2 isize=512 agcount=32, agsize=134303040 blks
= sectsz=4096 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
= reflink=1 bigtime=0 inobtcount=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=4297696128, imaxpct=5
= sunit=64 swidth=704 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=521728, version=2
= sectsz=4096 sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@hkcrmlog08 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb3
meta-data=/dev/sdb3 isize=512 agcount=32, agsize=134303040 blks
= sectsz=4096 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
= reflink=1 bigtime=0 inobtcount=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=4297696128, imaxpct=5
= sunit=64 swidth=704 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=521728, version=2
= sectsz=4096 sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@hkcrmlog08 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb4
meta-data=/dev/sdb4 isize=512 agcount=32, agsize=134303040 blks
= sectsz=4096 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
= reflink=1 bigtime=0 inobtcount=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=4297696128, imaxpct=5
= sunit=64 swidth=704 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=521728, version=2
= sectsz=4096 sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@hkcrmlog08 ~]#
[root@hkcrmlog08 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb5
meta-data=/dev/sdb5 isize=512 agcount=32, agsize=134303040 blks
= sectsz=4096 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
= reflink=1 bigtime=0 inobtcount=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=4297696128, imaxpct=5
= sunit=64 swidth=704 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=521728, version=2
= sectsz=4096 sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@hkcrmlog08 ~]# mkfs.xfs -f /dev/sdb1
warning: device is not properly aligned /dev/sdb1
meta-data=/dev/sdb1 isize=512 agcount=32, agsize=134303040 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
= reflink=1 bigtime=0 inobtcount=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=4297696351, imaxpct=5
= sunit=64 swidth=704 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=521728, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=64 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=02.8挂载磁盘
2.8.1 新建目录
mkdir /data01 /data02 /data03 /data042.8.2 修改/etc/fstab文件
/dev/sdb1 /data xfs defaults 0 0
/dev/sdb2 /data01 xfs defaults 0 0
/dev/sdb3 /data02 xfs defaults 0 0
/dev/sdb4 /data03 xfs defaults 0 0
/dev/sdb5 /data03 xfs defaults 0 02.8.3 挂载
# mount /dev/sdb1 /data
[root@hkcrmlog08 ~]# mount /dev/sdb2 /data01
[root@hkcrmlog08 ~]# mount /dev/sdb3 /data02
[root@hkcrmlog08 ~]# mount /dev/sdb4 /data03
[root@hkcrmlog08 ~]# mount /dev/sdb5 /data04
[root@hkcrmlog08 ~]#
[root@hkcrmlog08 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 94G 0 94G 0% /dev
tmpfs 94G 0 94G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 94G 42M 94G 1% /run
tmpfs 94G 0 94G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rootvg-root 98G 1.6G 92G 2% /
/dev/sda1 4.9G 245M 4.4G 6% /boot
/dev/mapper/rootvg-bomc 127G 28K 121G 1% /bomc
/dev/mapper/rootvg-home 79G 44K 75G 1% /home
/dev/mapper/rootvg-var 98G 610M 93G 1% /var
tmpfs 19G 0 19G 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1 17T 115G 16T 1% /data
/dev/sdb2 17T 115G 16T 1% /data01
/dev/sdb3 17T 115G 16T 1% /data02
/dev/sdb4 17T 115G 16T 1% /data03
/dev/sdb5 17T 115G 16T 1% /data04原因为哈，刚格式化后，磁盘就被占用100多G。应该是有地方能将此步骤节省出来，我没有找到。