centos安装mysql8.0.20、tar包安装方式

基础环境centos7.5，mysql版本8.0.20，通过tar包安装，安装路径/usr/local。

mysql官网：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

卸载centos7中自带的mariadb

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64

上传并解压安装包mysql-8.0.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz。注意压缩包是.tar.xz格式的，需要先解压、再解包。

[root@CentOS7-1 tools]# xz -d mysql-8.0.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz 
[root@CentOS7-1 tools]# tar xf mysql-8.0.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar -C /usr/local/

在安装包下创建数据文件路径data

[root@CentOS7-1 tools]# cd /usr/local/
[root@CentOS7-1 local]# mv mysql-8.0.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql
[mysql@CentOS7-1 local]$ cd mysql
[mysql@CentOS7-1 mysql]$ mkdir data

创建mysql用户

[root@CentOS7-1 mysql]# useradd mysql
[root@CentOS7-1 mysql]# passwd mysql

重命名解压后的安装包目录，并修改目录的属主属组，

[root@localhost mysql]# cd ..
[root@localhost local]# chown -R mysql.mysql mysql
[root@localhost local]# ll
总用量 0
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root  root    6 4月  11 2018 bin
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root  root    6 4月  11 2018 etc
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root  root    6 4月  11 2018 games
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root  root    6 4月  11 2018 include
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root  root    6 4月  11 2018 lib
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root  root    6 4月  11 2018 lib64
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root  root    6 4月  11 2018 libexec
drwxr-xr-x  10 mysql mysql 141 12月  8 14:12 mysql
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root  root    6 4月  11 2018 sbin
drwxr-xr-x.  5 root  root   49 12月 13 2020 share
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root  root    6 4月  11 2018 src

编辑配置文件/etc/my.cnf

[root@localhost local]# cat /etc/my.cnf 
[mysqld]
port=3306   #3306端口
basedir=/usr/local/mysql   # mysql的安装目录
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data   # mysql数据库的数据的存放目录
max_connections=10000   # 允许最大连接数
max_connect_errors=10   # 允许连接失败的次数，防止有人从该主机试图攻击数据库系统
character-set-server=utf8   # 服务端使用的字符集
default-storage-engine=INNODB   # 默认存储引擎

[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8   # 设置mysql客户端默认字符集

到bin目录下初始化数据库，记录初始密码

[mysql@CentOS7-1 local]$ cd mysql/bin 
[mysql@CentOS7-1 bin]$ ./mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --initialize
2021-12-07T16:29:25.936536Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010139] [Server] Changed limits: max_open_files: 1024 (requested 8161)
2021-12-07T16:29:25.936549Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010142] [Server] Changed limits: table_open_cache: 431 (requested 4000)
2021-12-07T16:29:25.937104Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011070] [Server] 'Disabling symbolic links using --skip-symbolic-links (or equivalent) is the default. Consider not using this option as it' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
2021-12-07T16:29:25.937260Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.20) initializing of server in progress as process 111611
2021-12-07T16:29:25.954467Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2021-12-07T16:29:27.128120Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2021-12-07T16:29:28.520117Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: I<-VCdcL2kZb

 将mysql添加到服务

[root@CentOS7-1 bin]# cd ../support-files/
[root@CentOS7-1 support-files]# cp -a mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@CentOS7-1 support-files]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld 
[root@CentOS7-1 support-files]# chkconfig --add mysqld

配置环境变量/etc/profile

[root@localhost bin]# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >>/etc/profile
[root@localhost bin]# source /etc/profile

启动mysql

[root@localhost bin]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/localhost.localdomain.err'.
.... SUCCESS! 
[root@localhost bin]# service mysqld status
 SUCCESS! MySQL running (70760)

登录mysql

（如遇到下面问题请参考底部问题一方法解决）

[root@ecs-656621649-001 /usr/local/mysql/support-files]#  mysql -uroot -p
mysql: error while loading shared libraries: libtinfo.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

[root@localhost bin]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 输入初始化时生成的密码
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.20

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

 修改root用户密码即相关权限。

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'Cslc@pass123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> update user set host='%' where user = 'root';   ---设置root用户可在任意主机登录，即可远程登录
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> flush privileges;   ---刷新权限
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

问题一解决办法:

根据报错内容可以看出，是因为在启动mysql的时候加载了libtinfo.so.5库文件。此时我们可以查看redhat9系统中是否存在改库文件。

[root@server bin]# find / -name 'libncurses*'
/usr/lib64/libncurses.so.6
/usr/lib64/libncursesw.so.6
/usr/lib64/libncurses.so.6.2
/usr/lib64/libncursesw.so.6.2

从上面的查询结果中可以看到，我现在使用的系统中并没有安装对应5版本的库文件，这个时候可以将高版本创建软连接到5版本。

[root@server bin]# ln -s /usr/lib64/libncurses.so.6 /usr/lib64/libncurses.so.5

再次启动时，发现还缺一个库文件。

./mysql: error while loading shared libraries: libtinfo.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

我们继续查找库文件。

[root@server bin]# find / -name libtinfo.so*
/usr/lib64/libtinfo.so.6
/usr/lib64/libtinfo.so.6.2

发现也是缺少一个对应的5版本的文件，同样的道理，将对应的高版本创建一个低版本的软连接。

[root@server bin]# ln -s /usr/lib64/libtinfo.so.6 /usr/lib64/libtinfo.so.5