nhibernate学习之三级联(Ternary Associations)篇

1) 学习目标
通过进一步学习Nhibernate基础知识，掌握用Nhiberate实现对级联的支持，通过一个简单的用户角色权限系统来体验nhibernate对级联的强大支持。
 
2）开发环境和必要准备 
  开发环境为:windows 2003,Visual studio .Net 2005,Sql server 2005 developer edition
  必要准备：学习前三篇nhibernate学习系列 Nhibernate学习之起步篇-1  , Nhibernate学习起步之many-to-one篇 , Nhibernate学习之many-to-many篇

3)示例
  业务需求：实现一个用户角色权限系统，一个用户只有一个角色，一个角色下有多个用户，一个角色下有多个权限，一个权限也对应多个角色
                      要求: (1).创建一个角色 (2)在该角色上创建两个个用户3)创建两个权限4)指定该角色上的权限列表5)获得一个用户的权限列表
  首先看关系数据库关系图:
  
4)实现步骤:
  1.User.cs

using  System;
using  System.Collections.Generic;
using  System.Text;

namespace  NhibernateSample1
{
    public class User
    {
        private int _id;
        private string _name;
        private string _pwd;
        private Role _role;
        /**//// <summary>
        /// 编号
        /// </summary>
        public virtual int Id
        {
            get
            {
                return _id;
            }
            set
            {
                _id = value;
            }
        }

        /**//// <summary>
        /// 名称
        /// </summary>
        public virtual string Name
        {
            get
            {
                return _name;
            }
            set
            {
                _name = value;
            }
        }

        /**//// <summary>
        /// 密码
        /// </summary>
        public virtual string Pwd
        {
            get
            {
                return _pwd;
            }
            set
            {
                _pwd = value;
            }
        }
        public virtual Role Role
        {
            get
            {
                return _role;
            }
            set
            {
                _role = value;
            }
        }
    }
}

 User.hbm.xml

<? xml version = " 1.0 "  encoding = " utf-8 "   ?>
< hibernate - mapping xmlns = " urn:nhibernate-mapping-2.2 " >
   < class  name = " NhibernateSample1.User,NhibernateSample1 "  table = " Users "  lazy = " false " >
     < id name = " Id "  column = " Id "  unsaved - value = " 0 " >
       < generator  class = " native "   />
     </ id >
     < property name = " Name "  column = " Name "  type = " string "  length = " 64 "  not - null = " true "  unique = " true " ></ property >
     < property name = " Pwd "   column = " Pwd "   type = " string "  length = " 64 "  not - null = " true " ></ property >
     < many - to - one name = " Role "    class = " NhibernateSample1.Role,NhibernateSample1 "  column = " RoleID " ></ many - to - one >
    </ class >
</ hibernate - mapping >

2.Role.cs

using  System;
using  System.Collections.Generic;
using  System.Text;
using  System.Collections;

namespace  NhibernateSample1
{
    public class Role
    {
        int _roleID;
        string _roleName;
        IList _list = new  ArrayList();
        IList _permissionList = new ArrayList();
        public virtual IList PermissionList
        {
            get
            {
                return _permissionList;
            }
            set
            {
                _permissionList = value;
            }
        }
        public virtual int RoleID
        {
            get
            {
                return _roleID;
            }
            set
            {
                _roleID = value;
            }
        }
        public virtual IList UserList
        {
            get
            {
                return _list;
            }
            set
            {
                _list = value;
            }
        }
        public virtual string RoleName
        {
            get
            {
                return _roleName;
            }
            set
            {
                _roleName = value;
            }
        }
    }
}

Role.hbm.xml

<? xml version = " 1.0 "  encoding = " utf-8 "   ?>
< hibernate - mapping xmlns = " urn:nhibernate-mapping-2.2 " >
   < class  name = " NhibernateSample1.Role,NhibernateSample1 "  table = " Roles "  lazy = " false " >
     < id name = " RoleID "  column = " RoleID "  unsaved - value = " 0 " >
       < generator  class = " native "   />
     </ id >
     < property name = " RoleName "   column = " RoleName "   type = " string "  length = " 64 "  not - null = " true " ></ property >
     < bag name = " PermissionList "  table = " Role_Permissions "  inverse = " true "  lazy = " false "  cascade = " all " >
       < key column = " RoleID " />
       < many - to - many  class = " NhibernateSample1.Permission,NhibernateSample1 "  column = " PermissionID " ></ many - to - many >
     </ bag >
     < bag name = " UserList "  table = " Users "  inverse = " true "  lazy = " false "  cascade = " all " >
       < key column = " RoleID " />
       < one - to - many  class = " NhibernateSample1.User,NhibernateSample1 " ></ one - to - many >
     </ bag >
   </ class >
</ hibernate - mapping >

3.Permission.cs

using  System;
using  System.Collections.Generic;
using  System.Text;
using  System.Collections;

namespace  NhibernateSample1
{
    public class Permission
    {
        int _permissionID;
        string _permissionName;
        IList _roleList = new ArrayList();
        public virtual int PermissionID
        {
            get
            {
                return _permissionID;
            }
            set
            {
                _permissionID = value;
            }
        }
        public virtual string PermissionName
        {
            get
            {
                return _permissionName;
            }
            set
            {
                _permissionName=value;
            }
        }
        public virtual IList RoleList
        {
            get
            {
                return _roleList;
            }
            set
            {
                _roleList = value;
            }
        }
    }
}

Permission.hbm.xml

<? xml version = " 1.0 "  encoding = " utf-8 "   ?>
< hibernate - mapping xmlns = " urn:nhibernate-mapping-2.2 " >
   < class  name = " NhibernateSample1.Permission,NhibernateSample1 "  table = " Permissions "  lazy = " false " >
     < id name = " PermissionID "  column = " PermissionID "  unsaved - value = " 0 " >
       < generator  class = " native "   />
     </ id >
     < property name = " PermissionName "  column = " PermissionName "  type = " string "  length = " 64 "  not - null = " true "  unique = " true " ></ property >
     < bag name = " RoleList "  table = " Role_Permissions "   lazy = " true " >
       < key column = " PermissionID " />
       < many - to - many  class = " NhibernateSample1.Role,NhibernateSample1 "  column = " RoleID " ></ many - to - many >
     </ bag >
   </ class >
</ hibernate - mapping >

4。数据操作类

UserRolePermissionFixure
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Collections;
using NHibernate;
using NHibernate.Cfg;
using NHibernate.Tool.hbm2ddl;

namespace NhibernateSample1
{
    public  class UserRolePermissionFixure
    {
        private ISessionFactory _sessions; 
        public void Configure()
        {
            Configuration cfg = GetConfiguration();      
            _sessions = cfg.BuildSessionFactory();
        }
        Configuration GetConfiguration()
        {
            string cfgPath = @"E:\my project\nhibernate study\simle 1\NHibernateStudy1\NhibernateSample1\hibernate.cfg.xml";
            Configuration cfg = new Configuration().Configure(cfgPath);
            return cfg;
        }
        public void ExportTables()
        {
            Configuration cfg = GetConfiguration();           
            new SchemaExport(cfg).Create(true, true);
        }
        public Role CreateRole(string roleName)
        {
            Role r = new Role();
            r.RoleName = roleName;
            ISession session = _sessions.OpenSession();            
            ITransaction tx = null;
            try
            {
                tx = session.BeginTransaction();
                session.Save(r);
                tx.Commit();
            }
            catch(Exception e)
            {
                if (tx != null) tx.Rollback();
                throw e;
            }
            finally
            {
                session.Close();
            }
            return r;

        }

        public User CreateUser(String name,string pwd,Role r)
        {
            User u = new User();
            u.Name = name;
            u.Pwd = pwd;
            u.Role = r;
            //r.UserList.Add(u);
            ISession session = _sessions.OpenSession();

            ITransaction tx = null;

            try
            {
                tx = session.BeginTransaction();
                session.Save(u);
                tx.Commit();
            }
            catch (HibernateException e)
            {
                if (tx != null) tx.Rollback();
                throw e;
            }
            finally
            {
                session.Close();
            }

            return u;
        }
        public Permission CreatePermission(Role r,string name)
        {
            Permission p = new Permission();
            p.PermissionName = name;
            r.PermissionList.Add(p);
            p.RoleList.Add(r);
            ISession session = _sessions.OpenSession();
            ITransaction tx = null;

            try
            {
                tx = session.BeginTransaction();
                session.Save(p);
                tx.Commit();
            }
            catch (HibernateException e)
            {
                if (tx != null) tx.Rollback();
                throw e;
            }
            finally
            {
                session.Close();
            }
            return p;
        }
        public void DeleteRole(int rid)
        {
            ISession session = _sessions.OpenSession();
            ITransaction tx = null;
            try
            {
                tx = session.BeginTransaction();
                Role item = session.Load(typeof(Role), rid) as Role;
                session.Delete(item);
                tx.Commit();
            }
            catch (HibernateException e)
            {
                if (tx != null) tx.Rollback();
                throw e;
            }
            finally
            {
                session.Close();
            }
        }

    }
}

5。单元测试类

UnitTest1.cs
using System;
using System.Text;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
using NhibernateSample1;

namespace TestProject1
{
    /**//// <summary>
    /// UnitTest1 的摘要说明
    /// </summary>
    [TestClass]
    public class UnitTest1
    {
        public UnitTest1()
        {
            //
            // TODO: 在此处添加构造函数逻辑
            //
        }
        NhibernateSample1.UserRolePermissionFixure usf = new UserRolePermissionFixure();
        其他测试属性#region 其他测试属性
        //
        // 您可以在编写测试时使用下列其他属性:
        //
        // 在运行类中的第一个测试之前使用 ClassInitialize 运行代码
        // [ClassInitialize()]
        // public static void MyClassInitialize(TestContext testContext) { }
        //
        // 在类中的所有测试都已运行之后使用 ClassCleanup 运行代码
        // [ClassCleanup()]
        // public static void MyClassCleanup() { }
        //
        // 在运行每个测试之前使用 TestInitialize 运行代码 
        // [TestInitialize()]
        // public void MyTestInitialize() { }
        //
        // 在运行每个测试之后使用 TestCleanup 运行代码
        // [TestCleanup()]
        // public void MyTestCleanup() { }
        //
        #endregion

        [TestMethod]
        public void Test1()
        {
            usf.Configure();
            usf.ExportTables();
            Role r = usf.CreateRole("test");
            Assert.IsTrue(r.RoleID > 0);
            User u = usf.CreateUser(Guid.NewGuid().ToString(), "ds", r);            
            Assert.IsTrue(u.Id > 0);
            Permission p = usf.CreatePermission(r, "查询");
            Assert.IsTrue(p.PermissionID > 0);         
        }

    }
}

   通过本篇的学习，将充分理解到nhibernate对级联支持的强大。另外除了支持三级联之外，他还支持异类关联(Heterogeneous Associations) .给开发带来了更多的灵活性和实用性。而且考虑到性能的问题，还添加了lazy这样的延迟加载的功能，加载父亲不必要一定要加载他的儿子集合。通过集合类映射，nhinernate轻松实现级联，这相比较代码生成来说，无疑是一个优点。