有时候用 file_get_contents() 函数抓取网页会发生乱码现象。有两个原因会导致乱码,一个是编码问题,一个是目标页面开了Gzip。
编码问题好办,把抓取到的内容转下编码即可(content=iconv(“GBK”,“UTF−8//IGNORE”,content)。
或者发送UA,在使用file_get_contents函数前加上这一句:
ini_set(‘user_agent’,‘Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30; GreenBrowser)’)。
我们这里讨论的是如何抓取开了Gzip的页面。怎么判断呢?获取的头部当中有Content-Encoding: gzip说明内容是GZIP压缩的。用FireBug看一下就知道页面开了gzip没有。下面是用firebug查看我的博客的头信息,Gzip是开了的。
下面介绍一些解决方案:
如果服务器已经装了zlib库,用下面的代码可以轻易解决乱码问题。
$data = file_get_contents("compress.zlib://".$url);
function curl_get($url, $gzip=false){
$curl = curl_init($url);
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT, 10);
if($gzip) curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_ENCODING, "gzip"); // 关键在这里
$content = curl_exec($curl);
curl_close($curl);
return $content;
}
function gzdecode($data) {
$len = strlen($data);
if ($len < 18 || strcmp(substr($data,0,2),"\x1f\x8b")) {
return null; // Not GZIP format (See RFC 1952)
}
$method = ord(substr($data,2,1)); // Compression method
$flags = ord(substr($data,3,1)); // Flags
if ($flags & 31 != $flags) {
// Reserved bits are set -- NOT ALLOWED by RFC 1952
return null;
}
// NOTE: $mtime may be negative (PHP integer limitations)
$mtime = unpack("V", substr($data,4,4));
$mtime = $mtime[1];
$xfl = substr($data,8,1);
$os = substr($data,8,1);
$headerlen = 10;
$extralen = 0;
$extra = "";
if ($flags & 4) {
// 2-byte length prefixed EXTRA data in header
if ($len - $headerlen - 2 < 8) {
return false; // Invalid format
}
$extralen = unpack("v",substr($data,8,2));
$extralen = $extralen[1];
if ($len - $headerlen - 2 - $extralen < 8) {
return false; // Invalid format
}
$extra = substr($data,10,$extralen);
$headerlen += 2 + $extralen;
}
$filenamelen = 0;
$filename = "";
if ($flags & 8) {
// C-style string file NAME data in header
if ($len - $headerlen - 1 < 8) {
return false; // Invalid format
}
$filenamelen = strpos(substr($data,8+$extralen),chr(0));
if ($filenamelen === false || $len - $headerlen - $filenamelen - 1 < 8) {
return false; // Invalid format
}
$filename = substr($data,$headerlen,$filenamelen);
$headerlen += $filenamelen + 1;
}
$commentlen = 0;
$comment = "";
if ($flags & 16) {
// C-style string COMMENT data in header
if ($len - $headerlen - 1 < 8) {
return false; // Invalid format
}
$commentlen = strpos(substr($data,8+$extralen+$filenamelen),chr(0));
if ($commentlen === false || $len - $headerlen - $commentlen - 1 < 8) {
return false; // Invalid header format
}
$comment = substr($data,$headerlen,$commentlen);
$headerlen += $commentlen + 1;
}
$headercrc = "";
if ($flags & 1) {
// 2-bytes (lowest order) of CRC32 on header present
if ($len - $headerlen - 2 < 8) {
return false; // Invalid format
}
$calccrc = crc32(substr($data,0,$headerlen)) & 0xffff;
$headercrc = unpack("v", substr($data,$headerlen,2));
$headercrc = $headercrc[1];
if ($headercrc != $calccrc) {
return false; // Bad header CRC
}
$headerlen += 2;
}
// GZIP FOOTER - These be negative due to PHP's limitations
$datacrc = unpack("V",substr($data,-8,4));
$datacrc = $datacrc[1];
$isize = unpack("V",substr($data,-4));
$isize = $isize[1];
// Perform the decompression:
$bodylen = $len-$headerlen-8;
if ($bodylen & 0) {
switch ($method) {
case 8:
// Currently the only supported compression method:
$data = gzinflate($body);
break;
default:
// Unknown compression method
return false;
}
} else {
// I'm not sure if zero-byte body content is allowed.
// Allow it for now... Do nothing...
}
// Verifiy decompressed size and CRC32:
// NOTE: This may fail with large data sizes depending on how
// PHP's integer limitations affect strlen() since $isize
// may be negative for large sizes.
if ($isize != strlen($data) || crc32($data) != $datacrc) {
// Bad format! Length or CRC doesn't match!
return false;
}
return $data;
}
然后再使用:
$html=file_get_contents('请求接口地址');
$html=gzdecode($html);
完美解决:
就介绍这三个方法,应该能解决大部分gzip引起的抓取乱码问题了。