多表查询内连接、外连接、子查询、笛卡尔积
1.1 多表查询：从多张表中进行查询
仅仅使用select * from tb_emp,tb_dept查询语句会显示如下结果（笛卡尔积：两个表的所有的组合情况）其中很大部分数据是冗余的。
1.2内连接：相当于查询A,B表交集部分的数据（包括交集）
- 隐式内连接
select tb_emp.username,tb_dept.name from tb_emp,tb_dept where tb_dept.id=tb_emp.dept_id - 显示内连接
select tb_emp.username,tb_dept.name from tb_emp inner join tb_dept on tb_emp.dept_id = tb_dept.id
1.3外连接：单独查询左表A或者右表B的数据（包括交集）
- 左外连接
select tb_emp.username,tb_dept.name from tb_emp left outer join tb_dept on tb_emp.dept_id = tb_dept.id - 右外连接
select tb_emp.username,tb_dept.name from tb_emp right outer join tb_dept on tb_emp.dept_id = tb_dept.id
1.4子查询：在查询中嵌套查询
-
标量子查询：返回结果单个值
select * from tb_emp where dept_id = (select id from tb_dept where name = '教研部'); -
列子查询：返回一列
select * from tb_emp where dept_id in ( select id from tb_dept where name='教研部' or name='学工部'); -
行子查询：返回一行
select * from tb_emp where (entrydate, job) = (select entrydate, job from tb_emp where name = '韦一笑'); -
表子查询：返回多行多列
select * from (select * from tb_emp where entrydate > '2006-01-01') e, tb_dept d where e.dept_id = d.id;
1.5建表语句
-- 部门管理
create table tb_dept(
id int unsigned primary key auto_increment comment '主键ID',
name varchar(10) not null unique comment '部门名称',
create_time datetime not null comment '创建时间',
update_time datetime not null comment '修改时间'
) comment '部门表';
insert into tb_dept (id, name, create_time, update_time) values(1,'学工部',now(),now()),(2,'教研部',now(),now()),(3,'咨询部',now(),now()), (4,'就业部',now(),now()),(5,'人事部',now(),now());
-- 员工管理
create table tb_emp (
id int unsigned primary key auto_increment comment 'ID',
username varchar(20) not null unique comment '用户名',
password varchar(32) default '123456' comment '密码',
name varchar(10) not null comment '姓名',
gender tinyint unsigned not null comment '性别, 说明: 1 男, 2 女',
image varchar(300) comment '图像',
job tinyint unsigned comment '职位, 说明: 1 班主任,2 讲师, 3 学工主管, 4 教研主管, 5 咨询师',
entrydate date comment '入职时间',
dept_id int unsigned comment '部门ID',
create_time datetime not null comment '创建时间',
update_time datetime not null comment '修改时间'
) comment '员工表';
INSERT INTO tb_emp
(id, username, password, name, gender, image, job, entrydate,dept_id, create_time, update_time) VALUES
(1,'jinyong','123456','金庸',1,'1.jpg',4,'2000-01-01',2,now(),now()),
(2,'zhangwuji','123456','张无忌',1,'2.jpg',2,'2015-01-01',2,now(),now()),
(3,'yangxiao','123456','杨逍',1,'3.jpg',2,'2008-05-01',2,now(),now()),
(4,'weiyixiao','123456','韦一笑',1,'4.jpg',2,'2007-01-01',2,now(),now()),
(5,'changyuchun','123456','常遇春',1,'5.jpg',2,'2012-12-05',2,now(),now()),
(6,'xiaozhao','123456','小昭',2,'6.jpg',3,'2013-09-05',1,now(),now()),
(7,'jixiaofu','123456','纪晓芙',2,'7.jpg',1,'2005-08-01',1,now(),now()),
(8,'zhouzhiruo','123456','周芷若',2,'8.jpg',1,'2014-11-09',1,now(),now()),
(9,'dingminjun','123456','丁敏君',2,'9.jpg',1,'2011-03-11',1,now(),now()),
(10,'zhaomin','123456','赵敏',2,'10.jpg',1,'2013-09-05',1,now(),now()),
(11,'luzhangke','123456','鹿杖客',1,'11.jpg',5,'2007-02-01',3,now(),now()),
(12,'hebiweng','123456','鹤笔翁',1,'12.jpg',5,'2008-08-18',3,now(),now()),
(13,'fangdongbai','123456','方东白',1,'13.jpg',5,'2012-11-01',3,now(),now()),
(14,'zhangsanfeng','123456','张三丰',1,'14.jpg',2,'2002-08-01',2,now(),now()),
(15,'yulianzhou','123456','俞莲舟',1,'15.jpg',2,'2011-05-01',2,now(),now()),
(16,'songyuanqiao','123456','宋远桥',1,'16.jpg',2,'2007-01-01',2,now(),now()),
(17,'chenyouliang','123456','陈友谅',1,'17.jpg',NULL,'2015-03-21',NULL,now(),now());