linux block framework(4) - kernel devices.txt

  • Documentation/admin-guide/devices.txt
		    LINUX ALLOCATED DEVICES (4.x+ version)
3	
4	This list is the Linux Device List, the official registry of allocated
5	device numbers and /dev directory nodes for the Linux operating
6	system.
7	
8	The LaTeX version of this document is no longer maintained, nor is
9	the document that used to reside at lanana.org.  This version in the
10	mainline Linux kernel is the master document.  Updates shall be sent
11	as patches to the kernel maintainers (see the SubmittingPatches document).
12	Specifically explore the sections titled "CHAR and MISC DRIVERS", and
13	"BLOCK LAYER" in the MAINTAINERS file to find the right maintainers
14	to involve for character and block devices.
15	
16	This document is included by reference into the Filesystem Hierarchy
17	Standard (FHS).	 The FHS is available from http://www.pathname.com/fhs/.
18	
19	Allocations marked (68k/Amiga) apply to Linux/68k on the Amiga
20	platform only.	Allocations marked (68k/Atari) apply to Linux/68k on
21	the Atari platform only.
22	
23	This document is in the public domain.	The authors requests, however,
24	that semantically altered versions are not distributed without
25	permission of the authors, assuming the authors can be contacted without
26	an unreasonable effort.
27	
28	
29		  **** DEVICE DRIVERS AUTHORS PLEASE READ THIS ****
30	
31	Linux now has extensive support for dynamic allocation of device numbering
32	and can use sysfs and udev (systemd) to handle the naming needs. There are
33	still some exceptions in the serial and boot device area. Before asking
34	for a device number make sure you actually need one.
35	
36	To have a major number allocated, or a minor number in situations
37	where that applies (e.g. busmice), please submit a patch and send to
38	the authors as indicated above.
39	
40	Keep the description of the device *in the same format
41	as this list*.	The reason for this is that it is the only way we have
42	found to ensure we have all the requisite information to publish your
43	device and avoid conflicts.
44	
45	Finally, sometimes we have to play "namespace police."  Please don't be
46	offended.  We often get submissions for /dev names that would be bound
47	to cause conflicts down the road.  We are trying to avoid getting in a
48	situation where we would have to suffer an incompatible forward
49	change.  Therefore, please consult with us *before* you make your
50	device names and numbers in any way public, at least to the point
51	where it would be at all difficult to get them changed.
52	
53	Your cooperation is appreciated.
54	
55	
56	  0		Unnamed devices (e.g. non-device mounts)
57			  0 = reserved as null device number
58			See block major 144, 145, 146 for expansion areas.
59	
60	  1 char	Memory devices
61			  1 = /dev/mem		Physical memory access
62			  2 = /dev/kmem		Kernel virtual memory access
63			  3 = /dev/null		Null device
64			  4 = /dev/port		I/O port access
65			  5 = /dev/zero		Null byte source
66			  6 = /dev/core		OBSOLETE - replaced by /proc/kcore
67			  7 = /dev/full		Returns ENOSPC on write
68			  8 = /dev/random	Nondeterministic random number gen.
69			  9 = /dev/urandom	Faster, less secure random number gen.
70			 10 = /dev/aio		Asynchronous I/O notification interface
71			 11 = /dev/kmsg		Writes to this come out as printk's, reads
72						export the buffered printk records.
73			 12 = /dev/oldmem	OBSOLETE - replaced by /proc/vmcore
74	
75	  1 block	RAM disk
76			  0 = /dev/ram0		First RAM disk
77			  1 = /dev/ram1		Second RAM disk
78			    ...
79			250 = /dev/initrd	Initial RAM disk
80	
81			Older kernels had /dev/ramdisk (1, 1) here.
82			/dev/initrd refers to a RAM disk which was preloaded
83			by the boot loader; newer kernels use /dev/ram0 for
84			the initrd.
85	
86	  2 char	Pseudo-TTY masters
87			  0 = /dev/ptyp0	First PTY master
88			  1 = /dev/ptyp1	Second PTY master
89			    ...
90			255 = /dev/ptyef	256th PTY master
91	
92			Pseudo-tty's are named as follows:
93			* Masters are "pty", slaves are "tty";
94			* the fourth letter is one of pqrstuvwxyzabcde indicating
95			  the 1st through 16th series of 16 pseudo-ttys each, and
96			* the fifth letter is one of 0123456789abcdef indicating
97			  the position within the series.
98	
99			These are the old-style (BSD) PTY devices; Unix98
100			devices are on major 128 and above and use the PTY
101			master multiplex (/dev/ptmx) to acquire a PTY on
102			demand.
103	
104	  2 block	Floppy disks
105			  0 = /dev/fd0		Controller 0, drive 0, autodetect
106			  1 = /dev/fd1		Controller 0, drive 1, autodetect
107			  2 = /dev/fd2		Controller 0, drive 2, autodetect
108			  3 = /dev/fd3		Controller 0, drive 3, autodetect
109			128 = /dev/fd4		Controller 1, drive 0, autodetect
110			129 = /dev/fd5		Controller 1, drive 1, autodetect
111			130 = /dev/fd6		Controller 1, drive 2, autodetect
112			131 = /dev/fd7		Controller 1, drive 3, autodetect
113	
114			To specify format, add to the autodetect device number:
115			  0 = /dev/fd?		Autodetect format
116			  4 = /dev/fd?d360	5.25"  360K in a 360K  drive(1)
117			 20 = /dev/fd?h360	5.25"  360K in a 1200K drive(1)
118			 48 = /dev/fd?h410	5.25"  410K in a 1200K drive
119			 64 = /dev/fd?h420	5.25"  420K in a 1200K drive
120			 24 = /dev/fd?h720	5.25"  720K in a 1200K drive
121			 80 = /dev/fd?h880	5.25"  880K in a 1200K drive(1)
122			  8 = /dev/fd?h1200	5.25" 1200K in a 1200K drive(1)
123			 40 = /dev/fd?h1440	5.25" 1440K in a 1200K drive(1)
124			 56 = /dev/fd?h1476	5.25" 1476K in a 1200K drive
125			 72 = /dev/fd?h1494	5.25" 1494K in a 1200K drive
126			 92 = /dev/fd?h1600	5.25" 1600K in a 1200K drive(1)
127	
128			 12 = /dev/fd?u360	3.5"   360K Double Density(2)
129			 16 = /dev/fd?u720	3.5"   720K Double Density(1)
130			120 = /dev/fd?u800	3.5"   800K Double Density(2)
131			 52 = /dev/fd?u820	3.5"   820K Double Density
132			 68 = /dev/fd?u830	3.5"   830K Double Density
133			 84 = /dev/fd?u1040	3.5"  1040K Double Density(1)
134			 88 = /dev/fd?u1120	3.5"  1120K Double Density(1)
135			 28 = /dev/fd?u1440	3.5"  1440K High Density(1)
136			124 = /dev/fd?u1600	3.5"  1600K High Density(1)
137			 44 = /dev/fd?u1680	3.5"  1680K High Density(3)
138			 60 = /dev/fd?u1722	3.5"  1722K High Density
139			 76 = /dev/fd?u1743	3.5"  1743K High Density
140			 96 = /dev/fd?u1760	3.5"  1760K High Density
141			116 = /dev/fd?u1840	3.5"  1840K High Density(3)
142			100 = /dev/fd?u1920	3.5"  1920K High Density(1)
143			 32 = /dev/fd?u2880	3.5"  2880K Extra Density(1)
144			104 = /dev/fd?u3200	3.5"  3200K Extra Density
145			108 = /dev/fd?u3520	3.5"  3520K Extra Density
146			112 = /dev/fd?u3840	3.5"  3840K Extra Density(1)
147	
148			 36 = /dev/fd?CompaQ	Compaq 2880K drive; obsolete?
149	
150			(1) Autodetectable format
151			(2) Autodetectable format in a Double Density (720K) drive only
152			(3) Autodetectable format in a High Density (1440K) drive only
153	
154			NOTE: The letter in the device name (d, q, h or u)
155			signifies the type of drive: 5.25" Double Density (d),
156			5.25" Quad Density (q), 5.25" High Density (h) or 3.5"
157			(any model, u).	 The use of the capital letters D, H
158			and E for the 3.5" models have been deprecated, since
159			the drive type is insignificant for these devices.
160	
161	  3 char	Pseudo-TTY slaves
162			  0 = /dev/ttyp0	First PTY slave
163			  1 = /dev/ttyp1	Second PTY slave
164			    ...
165			255 = /dev/ttyef	256th PTY slave
166	
167			These are the old-style (BSD) PTY devices; Unix98
168			devices are on major 136 and above.
169	
170	  3 block	First MFM, RLL and IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
171			  0 = /dev/hda		Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
172			 64 = /dev/hdb		Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
173	
174			For partitions, add to the whole disk device number:
175			  0 = /dev/hd?		Whole disk
176			  1 = /dev/hd?1		First partition
177			  2 = /dev/hd?2		Second partition
178			    ...
179			 63 = /dev/hd?63	63rd partition
180	
181			For Linux/i386, partitions 1-4 are the primary
182			partitions, and 5 and above are logical partitions.
183			Other versions of Linux use partitioning schemes
184			appropriate to their respective architectures.
185	
186	  4 char	TTY devices
187			  0 = /dev/tty0		Current virtual console
188	
189			  1 = /dev/tty1		First virtual console
190			    ...
191			 63 = /dev/tty63	63rd virtual console
192			 64 = /dev/ttyS0	First UART serial port
193			    ...
194			255 = /dev/ttyS191	192nd UART serial port
195	
196			UART serial ports refer to 8250/16450/16550 series devices.
197	
198			Older versions of the Linux kernel used this major
199			number for BSD PTY devices.  As of Linux 2.1.115, this
200			is no longer supported.	 Use major numbers 2 and 3.
201	
202	  4 block	Aliases for dynamically allocated major devices to be used
203			when its not possible to create the real device nodes
204			because the root filesystem is mounted read-only.
205	
206	                  0 = /dev/root
207	
208	  5 char	Alternate TTY devices
209			  0 = /dev/tty		Current TTY device
210			  1 = /dev/console	System console
211			  2 = /dev/ptmx		PTY master multiplex
212			  3 = /dev/ttyprintk	User messages via printk TTY device
213			 64 = /dev/cua0		Callout device for ttyS0
214			    ...
215			255 = /dev/cua191	Callout device for ttyS191
216	
217			(5,1) is /dev/console starting with Linux 2.1.71.  See
218			the section on terminal devices for more information
219			on /dev/console.
220	
221	  6 char	Parallel printer devices
222			  0 = /dev/lp0		Parallel printer on parport0
223			  1 = /dev/lp1		Parallel printer on parport1
224			    ...
225	
226			Current Linux kernels no longer have a fixed mapping
227			between parallel ports and I/O addresses.  Instead,
228			they are redirected through the parport multiplex layer.
229	
230	  7 char	Virtual console capture devices
231			  0 = /dev/vcs		Current vc text contents
232			  1 = /dev/vcs1		tty1 text contents
233			    ...
234			 63 = /dev/vcs63	tty63 text contents
235			128 = /dev/vcsa		Current vc text/attribute contents
236			129 = /dev/vcsa1	tty1 text/attribute contents
237			    ...
238			191 = /dev/vcsa63	tty63 text/attribute contents
239	
240			NOTE: These devices permit both read and write access.
241	
242	  7 block	Loopback devices
243			  0 = /dev/loop0	First loop device
244			  1 = /dev/loop1	Second loop device
245			    ...
246	
247			The loop devices are used to mount filesystems not
248			associated with block devices.	The binding to the
249			loop devices is handled by mount(8) or losetup(8).
250	
251	  8 block	SCSI disk devices (0-15)
252			  0 = /dev/sda		First SCSI disk whole disk
253			 16 = /dev/sdb		Second SCSI disk whole disk
254			 32 = /dev/sdc		Third SCSI disk whole disk
255			    ...
256			240 = /dev/sdp		Sixteenth SCSI disk whole disk
257	
258			Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
259			disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
260			partitions is 15.
261	
262	  9 char	SCSI tape devices
263			  0 = /dev/st0		First SCSI tape, mode 0
264			  1 = /dev/st1		Second SCSI tape, mode 0
265			    ...
266			 32 = /dev/st0l		First SCSI tape, mode 1
267			 33 = /dev/st1l		Second SCSI tape, mode 1
268			    ...
269			 64 = /dev/st0m		First SCSI tape, mode 2
270			 65 = /dev/st1m		Second SCSI tape, mode 2
271			    ...
272			 96 = /dev/st0a		First SCSI tape, mode 3
273			 97 = /dev/st1a		Second SCSI tape, mode 3
274			      ...
275			128 = /dev/nst0		First SCSI tape, mode 0, no rewind
276			129 = /dev/nst1		Second SCSI tape, mode 0, no rewind
277			    ...
278			160 = /dev/nst0l	First SCSI tape, mode 1, no rewind
279			161 = /dev/nst1l	Second SCSI tape, mode 1, no rewind
280			    ...
281			192 = /dev/nst0m	First SCSI tape, mode 2, no rewind
282			193 = /dev/nst1m	Second SCSI tape, mode 2, no rewind
283			    ...
284			224 = /dev/nst0a	First SCSI tape, mode 3, no rewind
285			225 = /dev/nst1a	Second SCSI tape, mode 3, no rewind
286			    ...
287	
288			"No rewind" refers to the omission of the default
289			automatic rewind on device close.  The MTREW or MTOFFL
290			ioctl()'s can be used to rewind the tape regardless of
291			the device used to access it.
292	
293	  9 block	Metadisk (RAID) devices
294			  0 = /dev/md0		First metadisk group
295			  1 = /dev/md1		Second metadisk group
296			    ...
297	
298			The metadisk driver is used to span a
299			filesystem across multiple physical disks.
300	
301	 10 char	Non-serial mice, misc features
302			  0 = /dev/logibm	Logitech bus mouse
303			  1 = /dev/psaux	PS/2-style mouse port
304			  2 = /dev/inportbm	Microsoft Inport bus mouse
305			  3 = /dev/atibm	ATI XL bus mouse
306			  4 = /dev/jbm		J-mouse
307			  4 = /dev/amigamouse	Amiga mouse (68k/Amiga)
308			  5 = /dev/atarimouse	Atari mouse
309			  6 = /dev/sunmouse	Sun mouse
310			  7 = /dev/amigamouse1	Second Amiga mouse
311			  8 = /dev/smouse	Simple serial mouse driver
312			  9 = /dev/pc110pad	IBM PC-110 digitizer pad
313			 10 = /dev/adbmouse	Apple Desktop Bus mouse
314			 11 = /dev/vrtpanel	Vr41xx embedded touch panel
315			 13 = /dev/vpcmouse	Connectix Virtual PC Mouse
316			 14 = /dev/touchscreen/ucb1x00  UCB 1x00 touchscreen
317			 15 = /dev/touchscreen/mk712	MK712 touchscreen
318			128 = /dev/beep		Fancy beep device
319			129 =
320			130 = /dev/watchdog	Watchdog timer port
321			131 = /dev/temperature	Machine internal temperature
322			132 = /dev/hwtrap	Hardware fault trap
323			133 = /dev/exttrp	External device trap
324			134 = /dev/apm_bios	Advanced Power Management BIOS
325			135 = /dev/rtc		Real Time Clock
326			137 = /dev/vhci		Bluetooth virtual HCI driver
327			139 = /dev/openprom	SPARC OpenBoot PROM
328			140 = /dev/relay8	Berkshire Products Octal relay card
329			141 = /dev/relay16	Berkshire Products ISO-16 relay card
330			142 =
331			143 = /dev/pciconf	PCI configuration space
332			144 = /dev/nvram	Non-volatile configuration RAM
333			145 = /dev/hfmodem	Soundcard shortwave modem control
334			146 = /dev/graphics	Linux/SGI graphics device
335			147 = /dev/opengl	Linux/SGI OpenGL pipe
336			148 = /dev/gfx		Linux/SGI graphics effects device
337			149 = /dev/input/mouse	Linux/SGI Irix emulation mouse
338			150 = /dev/input/keyboard Linux/SGI Irix emulation keyboard
339			151 = /dev/led		Front panel LEDs
340			152 = /dev/kpoll	Kernel Poll Driver
341			153 = /dev/mergemem	Memory merge device
342			154 = /dev/pmu		Macintosh PowerBook power manager
343			155 = /dev/isictl	MultiTech ISICom serial control
344			156 = /dev/lcd		Front panel LCD display
345			157 = /dev/ac		Applicom Intl Profibus card
346			158 = /dev/nwbutton	Netwinder external button
347			159 = /dev/nwdebug	Netwinder debug interface
348			160 = /dev/nwflash	Netwinder flash memory
349			161 = /dev/userdma	User-space DMA access
350			162 = /dev/smbus	System Management Bus
351			163 = /dev/lik		Logitech Internet Keyboard
352			164 = /dev/ipmo		Intel Intelligent Platform Management
353			165 = /dev/vmmon	VMware virtual machine monitor
354			166 = /dev/i2o/ctl	I2O configuration manager
355			167 = /dev/specialix_sxctl Specialix serial control
356			168 = /dev/tcldrv	Technology Concepts serial control
357			169 = /dev/specialix_rioctl Specialix RIO serial control
358			170 = /dev/thinkpad/thinkpad	IBM Thinkpad devices
359			171 = /dev/srripc	QNX4 API IPC manager
360			172 = /dev/usemaclone	Semaphore clone device
361			173 = /dev/ipmikcs	Intelligent Platform Management
362			174 = /dev/uctrl	SPARCbook 3 microcontroller
363			175 = /dev/agpgart	AGP Graphics Address Remapping Table
364			176 = /dev/gtrsc	Gorgy Timing radio clock
365			177 = /dev/cbm		Serial CBM bus
366			178 = /dev/jsflash	JavaStation OS flash SIMM
367			179 = /dev/xsvc		High-speed shared-mem/semaphore service
368			180 = /dev/vrbuttons	Vr41xx button input device
369			181 = /dev/toshiba	Toshiba laptop SMM support
370			182 = /dev/perfctr	Performance-monitoring counters
371			183 = /dev/hwrng	Generic random number generator
372			184 = /dev/cpu/microcode CPU microcode update interface
373			186 = /dev/atomicps	Atomic shapshot of process state data
374			187 = /dev/irnet	IrNET device
375			188 = /dev/smbusbios	SMBus BIOS
376			189 = /dev/ussp_ctl	User space serial port control
377			190 = /dev/crash	Mission Critical Linux crash dump facility
378			191 = /dev/pcl181	
379			192 = /dev/nas_xbus	NAS xbus LCD/buttons access
380			193 = /dev/d7s		SPARC 7-segment display
381			194 = /dev/zkshim	Zero-Knowledge network shim control
382			195 = /dev/elographics/e2201	Elographics touchscreen E271-2201
383			196 = /dev/vfio/vfio	VFIO userspace driver interface
384			197 = /dev/pxa3xx-gcu	PXA3xx graphics controller unit driver
385			198 = /dev/sexec	Signed executable interface
386			199 = /dev/scanners/cuecat :CueCat barcode scanner
387			200 = /dev/net/tun	TAP/TUN network device
388			201 = /dev/button/gulpb	Transmeta GULP-B buttons
389			202 = /dev/emd/ctl	Enhanced Metadisk RAID (EMD) control
390			203 = /dev/cuse		Cuse (character device in user-space)
391			204 = /dev/video/em8300		EM8300 DVD decoder control
392			205 = /dev/video/em8300_mv	EM8300 DVD decoder video
393			206 = /dev/video/em8300_ma	EM8300 DVD decoder audio
394			207 = /dev/video/em8300_sp	EM8300 DVD decoder subpicture
395			208 = /dev/compaq/cpqphpc	Compaq PCI Hot Plug Controller
396			209 = /dev/compaq/cpqrid	Compaq Remote Insight Driver
397			210 = /dev/impi/bt	IMPI coprocessor block transfer
398			211 = /dev/impi/smic	IMPI coprocessor stream interface
399			212 = /dev/watchdogs/0	First watchdog device
400			213 = /dev/watchdogs/1	Second watchdog device
401			214 = /dev/watchdogs/2	Third watchdog device
402			215 = /dev/watchdogs/3	Fourth watchdog device
403			216 = /dev/fujitsu/apanel	Fujitsu/Siemens application panel
404			217 = /dev/ni/natmotn		National Instruments Motion
405			218 = /dev/kchuid	Inter-process chuid control
406			219 = /dev/modems/mwave	MWave modem firmware upload
407			220 = /dev/mptctl	Message passing technology (MPT) control
408			221 = /dev/mvista/hssdsi	Montavista PICMG hot swap system driver
409			222 = /dev/mvista/hasi		Montavista PICMG high availability
410			223 = /dev/input/uinput		User level driver support for input
411			224 = /dev/tpm		TCPA TPM driver
412			225 = /dev/pps		Pulse Per Second driver
413			226 = /dev/systrace	Systrace device
414			227 = /dev/mcelog	X86_64 Machine Check Exception driver
415			228 = /dev/hpet		HPET driver
416			229 = /dev/fuse		Fuse (virtual filesystem in user-space)
417			230 = /dev/midishare	MidiShare driver
418			231 = /dev/snapshot	System memory snapshot device
419			232 = /dev/kvm		Kernel-based virtual machine (hardware virtualization extensions)
420			233 = /dev/kmview	View-OS A process with a view
421			234 = /dev/btrfs-control	Btrfs control device
422			235 = /dev/autofs	Autofs control device
423			236 = /dev/mapper/control	Device-Mapper control device
424			237 = /dev/loop-control Loopback control device
425			238 = /dev/vhost-net	Host kernel accelerator for virtio net
426			239 = /dev/uhid		User-space I/O driver support for HID subsystem
427	
428			240-254			Reserved for local use
429			255			Reserved for MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR
430	
431	 11 char	Raw keyboard device	(Linux/SPARC only)
432			  0 = /dev/kbd		Raw keyboard device
433	
434	 11 char	Serial Mux device	(Linux/PA-RISC only)
435			  0 = /dev/ttyB0	First mux port
436			  1 = /dev/ttyB1	Second mux port
437			    ...
438	
439	 11 block	SCSI CD-ROM devices
440			  0 = /dev/scd0		First SCSI CD-ROM
441			  1 = /dev/scd1		Second SCSI CD-ROM
442			    ...
443	
444			The prefix /dev/sr (instead of /dev/scd) has been deprecated.
445	
446	 12 char	QIC-02 tape
447			  2 = /dev/ntpqic11	QIC-11, no rewind-on-close
448			  3 = /dev/tpqic11	QIC-11, rewind-on-close
449			  4 = /dev/ntpqic24	QIC-24, no rewind-on-close
450			  5 = /dev/tpqic24	QIC-24, rewind-on-close
451			  6 = /dev/ntpqic120	QIC-120, no rewind-on-close
452			  7 = /dev/tpqic120	QIC-120, rewind-on-close
453			  8 = /dev/ntpqic150	QIC-150, no rewind-on-close
454			  9 = /dev/tpqic150	QIC-150, rewind-on-close
455	
456			The device names specified are proposed -- if there
457			are "standard" names for these devices, please let me know.
458	
459	 12 block
460	
461	 13 char	Input core
462			  0 = /dev/input/js0	First joystick
463			  1 = /dev/input/js1	Second joystick
464			    ...
465			 32 = /dev/input/mouse0	First mouse
466			 33 = /dev/input/mouse1	Second mouse
467			    ...
468			 63 = /dev/input/mice	Unified mouse
469			 64 = /dev/input/event0	First event queue
470			 65 = /dev/input/event1	Second event queue
471			    ...
472	
473			Each device type has 5 bits (32 minors).
474	
475	 13 block	Previously used for the XT disk (/dev/xdN)
476			Deleted in kernel v3.9.
477	
478	 14 char	Open Sound System (OSS)
479			  0 = /dev/mixer	Mixer control
480			  1 = /dev/sequencer	Audio sequencer
481			  2 = /dev/midi00	First MIDI port
482			  3 = /dev/dsp		Digital audio
483			  4 = /dev/audio	Sun-compatible digital audio
484			  6 =
485			  7 = /dev/audioctl	SPARC audio control device
486			  8 = /dev/sequencer2	Sequencer -- alternate device
487			 16 = /dev/mixer1	Second soundcard mixer control
488			 17 = /dev/patmgr0	Sequencer patch manager
489			 18 = /dev/midi01	Second MIDI port
490			 19 = /dev/dsp1		Second soundcard digital audio
491			 20 = /dev/audio1	Second soundcard Sun digital audio
492			 33 = /dev/patmgr1	Sequencer patch manager
493			 34 = /dev/midi02	Third MIDI port
494			 50 = /dev/midi03	Fourth MIDI port
495	
496	 14 block
497	
498	 15 char	Joystick
499			  0 = /dev/js0		First analog joystick
500			  1 = /dev/js1		Second analog joystick
501			    ...
502			128 = /dev/djs0		First digital joystick
503			129 = /dev/djs1		Second digital joystick
504			    ...
505	 15 block	Sony CDU-31A/CDU-33A CD-ROM
506			  0 = /dev/sonycd	Sony CDU-31a CD-ROM
507	
508	 16 char	Non-SCSI scanners
509			  0 = /dev/gs4500	Genius 4500 handheld scanner
510	
511	 16 block	GoldStar CD-ROM
512			  0 = /dev/gscd		GoldStar CD-ROM
513	
514	 17 char	OBSOLETE (was Chase serial card)
515			  0 = /dev/ttyH0	First Chase port
516			  1 = /dev/ttyH1	Second Chase port
517			    ...
518	 17 block	Optics Storage CD-ROM
519			  0 = /dev/optcd	Optics Storage CD-ROM
520	
521	 18 char	OBSOLETE (was Chase serial card - alternate devices)
522			  0 = /dev/cuh0		Callout device for ttyH0
523			  1 = /dev/cuh1		Callout device for ttyH1
524			    ...
525	 18 block	Sanyo CD-ROM
526			  0 = /dev/sjcd		Sanyo CD-ROM
527	
528	 19 char	Cyclades serial card
529			  0 = /dev/ttyC0	First Cyclades port
530			    ...
531			 31 = /dev/ttyC31	32nd Cyclades port
532	
533	 19 block	"Double" compressed disk
534			  0 = /dev/double0	First compressed disk
535			    ...
536			  7 = /dev/double7	Eighth compressed disk
537			128 = /dev/cdouble0	Mirror of first compressed disk
538			    ...
539			135 = /dev/cdouble7	Mirror of eighth compressed disk
540	
541			See the Double documentation for the meaning of the
542			mirror devices.
543	
544	 20 char	Cyclades serial card - alternate devices
545			  0 = /dev/cub0		Callout device for ttyC0
546			    ...
547			 31 = /dev/cub31	Callout device for ttyC31
548	
549	 20 block	Hitachi CD-ROM (under development)
550			  0 = /dev/hitcd	Hitachi CD-ROM
551	
552	 21 char	Generic SCSI access
553			  0 = /dev/sg0		First generic SCSI device
554			  1 = /dev/sg1		Second generic SCSI device
555			    ...
556	
557			Most distributions name these /dev/sga, /dev/sgb...;
558			this sets an unnecessary limit of 26 SCSI devices in
559			the system and is counter to standard Linux
560			device-naming practice.
561	
562	 21 block	Acorn MFM hard drive interface
563			  0 = /dev/mfma		First MFM drive whole disk
564			 64 = /dev/mfmb		Second MFM drive whole disk
565	
566			This device is used on the ARM-based Acorn RiscPC.
567			Partitions are handled the same way as for IDE disks
568			(see major number 3).
569	
570	 22 char	Digiboard serial card
571			  0 = /dev/ttyD0	First Digiboard port
572			  1 = /dev/ttyD1	Second Digiboard port
573			    ...
574	 22 block	Second IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
575			  0 = /dev/hdc		Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
576			 64 = /dev/hdd		Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
577	
578			Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
579			interface (see major number 3).
580	
581	 23 char	Digiboard serial card - alternate devices
582			  0 = /dev/cud0		Callout device for ttyD0
583			  1 = /dev/cud1		Callout device for ttyD1
584			      ...
585	 23 block	Mitsumi proprietary CD-ROM
586			  0 = /dev/mcd		Mitsumi CD-ROM
587	
588	 24 char	Stallion serial card
589			  0 = /dev/ttyE0	Stallion port 0 card 0
590			  1 = /dev/ttyE1	Stallion port 1 card 0
591			    ...
592			 64 = /dev/ttyE64	Stallion port 0 card 1
593			 65 = /dev/ttyE65	Stallion port 1 card 1
594			      ...
595			128 = /dev/ttyE128	Stallion port 0 card 2
596			129 = /dev/ttyE129	Stallion port 1 card 2
597			    ...
598			192 = /dev/ttyE192	Stallion port 0 card 3
599			193 = /dev/ttyE193	Stallion port 1 card 3
600			    ...
601	 24 block	Sony CDU-535 CD-ROM
602			  0 = /dev/cdu535	Sony CDU-535 CD-ROM
603	
604	 25 char	Stallion serial card - alternate devices
605			  0 = /dev/cue0		Callout device for ttyE0
606			  1 = /dev/cue1		Callout device for ttyE1
607			    ...
608			 64 = /dev/cue64	Callout device for ttyE64
609			 65 = /dev/cue65	Callout device for ttyE65
610			    ...
611			128 = /dev/cue128	Callout device for ttyE128
612			129 = /dev/cue129	Callout device for ttyE129
613			    ...
614			192 = /dev/cue192	Callout device for ttyE192
615			193 = /dev/cue193	Callout device for ttyE193
616			      ...
617	 25 block	First Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM
618			  0 = /dev/sbpcd0	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 0
619			  1 = /dev/sbpcd1	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 1
620			  2 = /dev/sbpcd2	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 2
621			  3 = /dev/sbpcd3	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 3
622	
623	 26 char
624	
625	 26 block	Second Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM
626			  0 = /dev/sbpcd4	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 0
627			  1 = /dev/sbpcd5	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 1
628			  2 = /dev/sbpcd6	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 2
629			  3 = /dev/sbpcd7	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 3
630	
631	 27 char	QIC-117 tape
632			  0 = /dev/qft0		Unit 0, rewind-on-close
633			  1 = /dev/qft1		Unit 1, rewind-on-close
634			  2 = /dev/qft2		Unit 2, rewind-on-close
635			  3 = /dev/qft3		Unit 3, rewind-on-close
636			  4 = /dev/nqft0	Unit 0, no rewind-on-close
637			  5 = /dev/nqft1	Unit 1, no rewind-on-close
638			  6 = /dev/nqft2	Unit 2, no rewind-on-close
639			  7 = /dev/nqft3	Unit 3, no rewind-on-close
640			 16 = /dev/zqft0	Unit 0, rewind-on-close, compression
641			 17 = /dev/zqft1	Unit 1, rewind-on-close, compression
642			 18 = /dev/zqft2	Unit 2, rewind-on-close, compression
643			 19 = /dev/zqft3	Unit 3, rewind-on-close, compression
644			 20 = /dev/nzqft0	Unit 0, no rewind-on-close, compression
645			 21 = /dev/nzqft1	Unit 1, no rewind-on-close, compression
646			 22 = /dev/nzqft2	Unit 2, no rewind-on-close, compression
647			 23 = /dev/nzqft3	Unit 3, no rewind-on-close, compression
648			 32 = /dev/rawqft0	Unit 0, rewind-on-close, no file marks
649			 33 = /dev/rawqft1	Unit 1, rewind-on-close, no file marks
650			 34 = /dev/rawqft2	Unit 2, rewind-on-close, no file marks
651			 35 = /dev/rawqft3	Unit 3, rewind-on-close, no file marks
652			 36 = /dev/nrawqft0	Unit 0, no rewind-on-close, no file marks
653			 37 = /dev/nrawqft1	Unit 1, no rewind-on-close, no file marks
654			 38 = /dev/nrawqft2	Unit 2, no rewind-on-close, no file marks
655			 39 = /dev/nrawqft3	Unit 3, no rewind-on-close, no file marks
656	
657	 27 block	Third Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM
658			  0 = /dev/sbpcd8	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 0
659			  1 = /dev/sbpcd9	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 1
660			  2 = /dev/sbpcd10	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 2
661			  3 = /dev/sbpcd11	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 3
662	
663	 28 char	Stallion serial card - card programming
664			  0 = /dev/staliomem0	First Stallion card I/O memory
665			  1 = /dev/staliomem1	Second Stallion card I/O memory
666			  2 = /dev/staliomem2	Third Stallion card I/O memory
667			  3 = /dev/staliomem3	Fourth Stallion card I/O memory
668	
669	 28 char	Atari SLM ACSI laser printer (68k/Atari)
670			  0 = /dev/slm0		First SLM laser printer
671			  1 = /dev/slm1		Second SLM laser printer
672			    ...
673	 28 block	Fourth Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM
674			  0 = /dev/sbpcd12	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 0
675			  1 = /dev/sbpcd13	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 1
676			  2 = /dev/sbpcd14	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 2
677			  3 = /dev/sbpcd15	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 3
678	
679	 28 block	ACSI disk (68k/Atari)
680			  0 = /dev/ada		First ACSI disk whole disk
681			 16 = /dev/adb		Second ACSI disk whole disk
682			 32 = /dev/adc		Third ACSI disk whole disk
683			    ...
684			240 = /dev/adp		16th ACSI disk whole disk
685	
686			Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
687			disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
688			partitions is 15, like SCSI.
689	
690	 29 char	Universal frame buffer
691			  0 = /dev/fb0		First frame buffer
692			  1 = /dev/fb1		Second frame buffer
693			    ...
694			 31 = /dev/fb31		32nd frame buffer
695	
696	 29 block	Aztech/Orchid/Okano/Wearnes CD-ROM
697			  0 = /dev/aztcd	Aztech CD-ROM
698	
699	 30 char	iBCS-2 compatibility devices
700			  0 = /dev/socksys	Socket access
701			  1 = /dev/spx		SVR3 local X interface
702			 32 = /dev/inet/ip	Network access
703			 33 = /dev/inet/icmp
704			 34 = /dev/inet/ggp
705			 35 = /dev/inet/ipip
706			 36 = /dev/inet/tcp
707			 37 = /dev/inet/egp
708			 38 = /dev/inet/pup
709			 39 = /dev/inet/udp
710			 40 = /dev/inet/idp
711			 41 = /dev/inet/rawip
712	
713			Additionally, iBCS-2 requires the following links:
714	
715			/dev/ip -> /dev/inet/ip
716			/dev/icmp -> /dev/inet/icmp
717			/dev/ggp -> /dev/inet/ggp
718			/dev/ipip -> /dev/inet/ipip
719			/dev/tcp -> /dev/inet/tcp
720			/dev/egp -> /dev/inet/egp
721			/dev/pup -> /dev/inet/pup
722			/dev/udp -> /dev/inet/udp
723			/dev/idp -> /dev/inet/idp
724			/dev/rawip -> /dev/inet/rawip
725			/dev/inet/arp -> /dev/inet/udp
726			/dev/inet/rip -> /dev/inet/udp
727			/dev/nfsd -> /dev/socksys
728			/dev/X0R -> /dev/null (? apparently not required ?)
729	
730	 30 block	Philips LMS CM-205 CD-ROM
731			  0 = /dev/cm205cd	Philips LMS CM-205 CD-ROM
732	
733			/dev/lmscd is an older name for this device.  This
734			driver does not work with the CM-205MS CD-ROM.
735	
736	 31 char	MPU-401 MIDI
737			  0 = /dev/mpu401data	MPU-401 data port
738			  1 = /dev/mpu401stat	MPU-401 status port
739	
740	 31 block	ROM/flash memory card
741			  0 = /dev/rom0		First ROM card (rw)
742			      ...
743			  7 = /dev/rom7		Eighth ROM card (rw)
744			  8 = /dev/rrom0	First ROM card (ro)
745			    ...
746			 15 = /dev/rrom7	Eighth ROM card (ro)
747			 16 = /dev/flash0	First flash memory card (rw)
748			    ...
749			 23 = /dev/flash7	Eighth flash memory card (rw)
750			 24 = /dev/rflash0	First flash memory card (ro)
751			    ...
752			 31 = /dev/rflash7	Eighth flash memory card (ro)
753	
754			The read-write (rw) devices support back-caching
755			written data in RAM, as well as writing to flash RAM
756			devices.  The read-only devices (ro) support reading
757			only.
758	
759	 32 char	Specialix serial card
760			  0 = /dev/ttyX0	First Specialix port
761			  1 = /dev/ttyX1	Second Specialix port
762			    ...
763	 32 block	Philips LMS CM-206 CD-ROM
764			  0 = /dev/cm206cd	Philips LMS CM-206 CD-ROM
765	
766	 33 char	Specialix serial card - alternate devices
767			  0 = /dev/cux0		Callout device for ttyX0
768			  1 = /dev/cux1		Callout device for ttyX1
769			    ...
770	 33 block	Third IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
771			  0 = /dev/hde		Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
772			 64 = /dev/hdf		Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
773	
774			Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
775			interface (see major number 3).
776	
777	 34 char	Z8530 HDLC driver
778			  0 = /dev/scc0		First Z8530, first port
779			  1 = /dev/scc1		First Z8530, second port
780			  2 = /dev/scc2		Second Z8530, first port
781			  3 = /dev/scc3		Second Z8530, second port
782			    ...
783	
784			In a previous version these devices were named
785			/dev/sc1 for /dev/scc0, /dev/sc2 for /dev/scc1, and so
786			on.
787	
788	 34 block	Fourth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
789			  0 = /dev/hdg		Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
790			 64 = /dev/hdh		Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
791	
792			Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
793			interface (see major number 3).
794	
795	 35 char	tclmidi MIDI driver
796			  0 = /dev/midi0	First MIDI port, kernel timed
797			  1 = /dev/midi1	Second MIDI port, kernel timed
798			  2 = /dev/midi2	Third MIDI port, kernel timed
799			  3 = /dev/midi3	Fourth MIDI port, kernel timed
800			 64 = /dev/rmidi0	First MIDI port, untimed
801			 65 = /dev/rmidi1	Second MIDI port, untimed
802			 66 = /dev/rmidi2	Third MIDI port, untimed
803			 67 = /dev/rmidi3	Fourth MIDI port, untimed
804			128 = /dev/smpte0	First MIDI port, SMPTE timed
805			129 = /dev/smpte1	Second MIDI port, SMPTE timed
806			130 = /dev/smpte2	Third MIDI port, SMPTE timed
807			131 = /dev/smpte3	Fourth MIDI port, SMPTE timed
808	
809	 35 block	Slow memory ramdisk
810			  0 = /dev/slram	Slow memory ramdisk
811	
812	 36 char	Netlink support
813			  0 = /dev/route	Routing, device updates, kernel to user
814			  1 = /dev/skip		enSKIP security cache control
815			  3 = /dev/fwmonitor	Firewall packet copies
816			 16 = /dev/tap0		First Ethertap device
817			    ...
818			 31 = /dev/tap15	16th Ethertap device
819	
820	 36 block	OBSOLETE (was MCA ESDI hard disk)
821	
822	 37 char	IDE tape
823			  0 = /dev/ht0		First IDE tape
824			  1 = /dev/ht1		Second IDE tape
825			    ...
826			128 = /dev/nht0		First IDE tape, no rewind-on-close
827			129 = /dev/nht1		Second IDE tape, no rewind-on-close
828			    ...
829	
830			Currently, only one IDE tape drive is supported.
831	
832	 37 block	Zorro II ramdisk
833			  0 = /dev/z2ram	Zorro II ramdisk
834	
835	 38 char	Myricom PCI Myrinet board
836			  0 = /dev/mlanai0	First Myrinet board
837			  1 = /dev/mlanai1	Second Myrinet board
838			    ...
839	
840			This device is used for status query, board control
841			and "user level packet I/O."  This board is also
842			accessible as a standard networking "eth" device.
843	
844	 38 block	OBSOLETE (was Linux/AP+)
845	
846	 39 char	ML-16P experimental I/O board
847			  0 = /dev/ml16pa-a0	First card, first analog channel
848			  1 = /dev/ml16pa-a1	First card, second analog channel
849			    ...
850			 15 = /dev/ml16pa-a15	First card, 16th analog channel
851			 16 = /dev/ml16pa-d	First card, digital lines
852			 17 = /dev/ml16pa-c0	First card, first counter/timer
853			 18 = /dev/ml16pa-c1	First card, second counter/timer
854			 19 = /dev/ml16pa-c2	First card, third counter/timer
855			 32 = /dev/ml16pb-a0	Second card, first analog channel
856			 33 = /dev/ml16pb-a1	Second card, second analog channel
857			    ...
858			 47 = /dev/ml16pb-a15	Second card, 16th analog channel
859			 48 = /dev/ml16pb-d	Second card, digital lines
860			 49 = /dev/ml16pb-c0	Second card, first counter/timer
861			 50 = /dev/ml16pb-c1	Second card, second counter/timer
862			 51 = /dev/ml16pb-c2	Second card, third counter/timer
863			      ...
864	 39 block
865	
866	 40 char
867	
868	 40 block
869	
870	 41 char	Yet Another Micro Monitor
871			  0 = /dev/yamm		Yet Another Micro Monitor
872	
873	 41 block
874	
875	 42 char	Demo/sample use
876	
877	 42 block	Demo/sample use
878	
879			This number is intended for use in sample code, as
880			well as a general "example" device number.  It
881			should never be used for a device driver that is being
882			distributed; either obtain an official number or use
883			the local/experimental range.  The sudden addition or
884			removal of a driver with this number should not cause
885			ill effects to the system (bugs excepted.)
886	
887			IN PARTICULAR, ANY DISTRIBUTION WHICH CONTAINS A
888			DEVICE DRIVER USING MAJOR NUMBER 42 IS NONCOMPLIANT.
889	
890	 43 char	isdn4linux virtual modem
891			  0 = /dev/ttyI0	First virtual modem
892			    ...
893			 63 = /dev/ttyI63	64th virtual modem
894	
895	 43 block	Network block devices
896			  0 = /dev/nb0		First network block device
897			  1 = /dev/nb1		Second network block device
898			    ...
899	
900			Network Block Device is somehow similar to loopback
901			devices: If you read from it, it sends packet across
902			network asking server for data. If you write to it, it
903			sends packet telling server to write. It could be used
904			to mounting filesystems over the net, swapping over
905			the net, implementing block device in userland etc.
906	
907	 44 char	isdn4linux virtual modem - alternate devices
908			  0 = /dev/cui0		Callout device for ttyI0
909			    ...
910			 63 = /dev/cui63	Callout device for ttyI63
911	
912	 44 block	Flash Translation Layer (FTL) filesystems
913			  0 = /dev/ftla		FTL on first Memory Technology Device
914			 16 = /dev/ftlb		FTL on second Memory Technology Device
915			 32 = /dev/ftlc		FTL on third Memory Technology Device
916			    ...
917			240 = /dev/ftlp		FTL on 16th Memory Technology Device
918	
919			Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
920			disks (see major number 3) except that the partition
921			limit is 15 rather than 63 per disk (same as SCSI.)
922	
923	 45 char	isdn4linux ISDN BRI driver
924			  0 = /dev/isdn0	First virtual B channel raw data
925			    ...
926			 63 = /dev/isdn63	64th virtual B channel raw data
927			 64 = /dev/isdnctrl0	First channel control/debug
928			    ...
929			127 = /dev/isdnctrl63	64th channel control/debug
930	
931			128 = /dev/ippp0	First SyncPPP device
932			    ...
933			191 = /dev/ippp63	64th SyncPPP device
934	
935			255 = /dev/isdninfo	ISDN monitor interface
936	
937	 45 block	Parallel port IDE disk devices
938			  0 = /dev/pda		First parallel port IDE disk
939			 16 = /dev/pdb		Second parallel port IDE disk
940			 32 = /dev/pdc		Third parallel port IDE disk
941			 48 = /dev/pdd		Fourth parallel port IDE disk
942	
943			Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
944			disks (see major number 3) except that the partition
945			limit is 15 rather than 63 per disk.
946	
947	 46 char	Comtrol Rocketport serial card
948			  0 = /dev/ttyR0	First Rocketport port
949			  1 = /dev/ttyR1	Second Rocketport port
950			    ...
951	 46 block	Parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM devices
952			  0 = /dev/pcd0		First parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM
953			  1 = /dev/pcd1		Second parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM
954			  2 = /dev/pcd2		Third parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM
955			  3 = /dev/pcd3		Fourth parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM
956	
957	 47 char	Comtrol Rocketport serial card - alternate devices
958			  0 = /dev/cur0		Callout device for ttyR0
959			  1 = /dev/cur1		Callout device for ttyR1
960			    ...
961	 47 block	Parallel port ATAPI disk devices
962			  0 = /dev/pf0		First parallel port ATAPI disk
963			  1 = /dev/pf1		Second parallel port ATAPI disk
964			  2 = /dev/pf2		Third parallel port ATAPI disk
965			  3 = /dev/pf3		Fourth parallel port ATAPI disk
966	
967			This driver is intended for floppy disks and similar
968			devices and hence does not support partitioning.
969	
970	 48 char	SDL RISCom serial card
971			  0 = /dev/ttyL0	First RISCom port
972			  1 = /dev/ttyL1	Second RISCom port
973			    ...
974	 48 block	Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; first controller
975			  0 = /dev/rd/c0d0	First disk, whole disk
976			  8 = /dev/rd/c0d1	Second disk, whole disk
977			    ...
978			248 = /dev/rd/c0d31	32nd disk, whole disk
979	
980			For partitions add:
981			  0 = /dev/rd/c?d?	Whole disk
982			  1 = /dev/rd/c?d?p1	First partition
983			    ...
984			  7 = /dev/rd/c?d?p7	Seventh partition
985	
986	 49 char	SDL RISCom serial card - alternate devices
987			  0 = /dev/cul0		Callout device for ttyL0
988			  1 = /dev/cul1		Callout device for ttyL1
989			    ...
990	 49 block	Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; second controller
991			  0 = /dev/rd/c1d0	First disk, whole disk
992			  8 = /dev/rd/c1d1	Second disk, whole disk
993			    ...
994			248 = /dev/rd/c1d31	32nd disk, whole disk
995	
996			Partitions are handled as for major 48.
997	
998	 50 char	Reserved for GLINT
999	
1000	 50 block	Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; third controller
1001			  0 = /dev/rd/c2d0	First disk, whole disk
1002			  8 = /dev/rd/c2d1	Second disk, whole disk
1003			    ...
1004			248 = /dev/rd/c2d31	32nd disk, whole disk
1005	
1006	 51 char	Baycom radio modem OR Radio Tech BIM-XXX-RS232 radio modem
1007			  0 = /dev/bc0		First Baycom radio modem
1008			  1 = /dev/bc1		Second Baycom radio modem
1009			    ...
1010	 51 block	Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; fourth controller
1011			  0 = /dev/rd/c3d0	First disk, whole disk
1012			  8 = /dev/rd/c3d1	Second disk, whole disk
1013			    ...
1014			248 = /dev/rd/c3d31	32nd disk, whole disk
1015	
1016			Partitions are handled as for major 48.
1017	
1018	 52 char	Spellcaster DataComm/BRI ISDN card
1019			  0 = /dev/dcbri0	First DataComm card
1020			  1 = /dev/dcbri1	Second DataComm card
1021			  2 = /dev/dcbri2	Third DataComm card
1022			  3 = /dev/dcbri3	Fourth DataComm card
1023	
1024	 52 block	Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; fifth controller
1025			  0 = /dev/rd/c4d0	First disk, whole disk
1026			  8 = /dev/rd/c4d1	Second disk, whole disk
1027			    ...
1028			248 = /dev/rd/c4d31	32nd disk, whole disk
1029	
1030			Partitions are handled as for major 48.
1031	
1032	 53 char	BDM interface for remote debugging MC683xx microcontrollers
1033			  0 = /dev/pd_bdm0	PD BDM interface on lp0
1034			  1 = /dev/pd_bdm1	PD BDM interface on lp1
1035			  2 = /dev/pd_bdm2	PD BDM interface on lp2
1036			  4 = /dev/icd_bdm0	ICD BDM interface on lp0
1037			  5 = /dev/icd_bdm1	ICD BDM interface on lp1
1038			  6 = /dev/icd_bdm2	ICD BDM interface on lp2
1039	
1040			This device is used for the interfacing to the MC683xx
1041			microcontrollers via Background Debug Mode by use of a
1042			Parallel Port interface. PD is the Motorola Public
1043			Domain Interface and ICD is the commercial interface
1044			by P&E.
1045	
1046	 53 block	Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; sixth controller
1047			  0 = /dev/rd/c5d0	First disk, whole disk
1048			  8 = /dev/rd/c5d1	Second disk, whole disk
1049			    ...
1050			248 = /dev/rd/c5d31	32nd disk, whole disk
1051	
1052			Partitions are handled as for major 48.
1053	
1054	 54 char	Electrocardiognosis Holter serial card
1055			  0 = /dev/holter0	First Holter port
1056			  1 = /dev/holter1	Second Holter port
1057			  2 = /dev/holter2	Third Holter port
1058	
1059			A custom serial card used by Electrocardiognosis SRL
1060			 to transfer data from Holter
1061			24-hour heart monitoring equipment.
1062	
1063	 54 block	Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; seventh controller
1064			  0 = /dev/rd/c6d0	First disk, whole disk
1065			  8 = /dev/rd/c6d1	Second disk, whole disk
1066			    ...
1067			248 = /dev/rd/c6d31	32nd disk, whole disk
1068	
1069			Partitions are handled as for major 48.
1070	
1071	 55 char	DSP56001 digital signal processor
1072			  0 = /dev/dsp56k	First DSP56001
1073	
1074	 55 block	Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; eighth controller
1075			  0 = /dev/rd/c7d0	First disk, whole disk
1076			  8 = /dev/rd/c7d1	Second disk, whole disk
1077			    ...
1078			248 = /dev/rd/c7d31	32nd disk, whole disk
1079	
1080			Partitions are handled as for major 48.
1081	
1082	 56 char	Apple Desktop Bus
1083			  0 = /dev/adb		ADB bus control
1084	
1085			Additional devices will be added to this number, all
1086			starting with /dev/adb.
1087	
1088	 56 block	Fifth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
1089			  0 = /dev/hdi		Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1090			 64 = /dev/hdj		Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1091	
1092			Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
1093			interface (see major number 3).
1094	
1095	 57 char	Hayes ESP serial card
1096			  0 = /dev/ttyP0	First ESP port
1097			  1 = /dev/ttyP1	Second ESP port
1098			    ...
1099	
1100	 57 block	Sixth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
1101			  0 = /dev/hdk		Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1102			 64 = /dev/hdl		Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1103	
1104			Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
1105			interface (see major number 3).
1106	
1107	 58 char	Hayes ESP serial card - alternate devices
1108			  0 = /dev/cup0		Callout device for ttyP0
1109			  1 = /dev/cup1		Callout device for ttyP1
1110			    ...
1111	
1112	 58 block	Reserved for logical volume manager
1113	
1114	 59 char	sf firewall package
1115			  0 = /dev/firewall	Communication with sf kernel module
1116	
1117	 59 block	Generic PDA filesystem device
1118			  0 = /dev/pda0		First PDA device
1119			  1 = /dev/pda1		Second PDA device
1120			    ...
1121	
1122			The pda devices are used to mount filesystems on
1123			remote pda's (basically slow handheld machines with
1124			proprietary OS's and limited memory and storage
1125			running small fs translation drivers) through serial /
1126			IRDA / parallel links.
1127	
1128			NAMING CONFLICT -- PROPOSED REVISED NAME /dev/rpda0 etc
1129	
1130	 60-63 char	LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE
1131	
1132	 60-63 block	LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE
1133			Allocated for local/experimental use.  For devices not
1134			assigned official numbers, these ranges should be
1135			used in order to avoid conflicting with future assignments.
1136	
1137	 64 char	ENskip kernel encryption package
1138			  0 = /dev/enskip	Communication with ENskip kernel module
1139	
1140	 64 block	Scramdisk/DriveCrypt encrypted devices
1141			  0 = /dev/scramdisk/master    Master node for ioctls
1142			  1 = /dev/scramdisk/1         First encrypted device
1143			  2 = /dev/scramdisk/2         Second encrypted device
1144			  ...
1145			255 = /dev/scramdisk/255       255th encrypted device
1146	
1147			The filename of the encrypted container and the passwords
1148			are sent via ioctls (using the sdmount tool) to the master
1149			node which then activates them via one of the
1150			/dev/scramdisk/x nodes for loop mounting (all handled
1151			through the sdmount tool).
1152	
1153			Requested by: [email protected]
1154	
1155	 65 char	Sundance "plink" Transputer boards (obsolete, unused)
1156			  0 = /dev/plink0	First plink device
1157			  1 = /dev/plink1	Second plink device
1158			  2 = /dev/plink2	Third plink device
1159			  3 = /dev/plink3	Fourth plink device
1160			 64 = /dev/rplink0	First plink device, raw
1161			 65 = /dev/rplink1	Second plink device, raw
1162			 66 = /dev/rplink2	Third plink device, raw
1163			 67 = /dev/rplink3	Fourth plink device, raw
1164			128 = /dev/plink0d	First plink device, debug
1165			129 = /dev/plink1d	Second plink device, debug
1166			130 = /dev/plink2d	Third plink device, debug
1167			131 = /dev/plink3d	Fourth plink device, debug
1168			192 = /dev/rplink0d	First plink device, raw, debug
1169			193 = /dev/rplink1d	Second plink device, raw, debug
1170			194 = /dev/rplink2d	Third plink device, raw, debug
1171			195 = /dev/rplink3d	Fourth plink device, raw, debug
1172	
1173			This is a commercial driver; contact James Howes
1174			 for information.
1175	
1176	 65 block	SCSI disk devices (16-31)
1177			  0 = /dev/sdq		17th SCSI disk whole disk
1178			 16 = /dev/sdr		18th SCSI disk whole disk
1179			 32 = /dev/sds		19th SCSI disk whole disk
1180			    ...
1181			240 = /dev/sdaf		32nd SCSI disk whole disk
1182	
1183			Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1184			disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1185			partitions is 15.
1186	
1187	 66 char	YARC PowerPC PCI coprocessor card
1188			  0 = /dev/yppcpci0	First YARC card
1189			  1 = /dev/yppcpci1	Second YARC card
1190			    ...
1191	
1192	 66 block	SCSI disk devices (32-47)
1193			  0 = /dev/sdag		33th SCSI disk whole disk
1194			 16 = /dev/sdah		34th SCSI disk whole disk
1195			 32 = /dev/sdai		35th SCSI disk whole disk
1196			    ...
1197			240 = /dev/sdav		48nd SCSI disk whole disk
1198	
1199			Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1200			disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1201			partitions is 15.
1202	
1203	 67 char	Coda network file system
1204			  0 = /dev/cfs0		Coda cache manager
1205	
1206			See http://www.coda.cs.cmu.edu for information about Coda.
1207	
1208	 67 block	SCSI disk devices (48-63)
1209			  0 = /dev/sdaw		49th SCSI disk whole disk
1210			 16 = /dev/sdax		50th SCSI disk whole disk
1211			 32 = /dev/sday		51st SCSI disk whole disk
1212			    ...
1213			240 = /dev/sdbl		64th SCSI disk whole disk
1214	
1215			Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1216			disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1217			partitions is 15.
1218	
1219	 68 char	CAPI 2.0 interface
1220			  0 = /dev/capi20	Control device
1221			  1 = /dev/capi20.00	First CAPI 2.0 application
1222			  2 = /dev/capi20.01	Second CAPI 2.0 application
1223			    ...
1224			 20 = /dev/capi20.19	19th CAPI 2.0 application
1225	
1226			ISDN CAPI 2.0 driver for use with CAPI 2.0
1227			applications; currently supports the AVM B1 card.
1228	
1229	 68 block	SCSI disk devices (64-79)
1230			  0 = /dev/sdbm		65th SCSI disk whole disk
1231			 16 = /dev/sdbn		66th SCSI disk whole disk
1232			 32 = /dev/sdbo		67th SCSI disk whole disk
1233			    ...
1234			240 = /dev/sdcb		80th SCSI disk whole disk
1235	
1236			Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1237			disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1238			partitions is 15.
1239	
1240	 69 char	MA16 numeric accelerator card
1241			  0 = /dev/ma16		Board memory access
1242	
1243	 69 block	SCSI disk devices (80-95)
1244			  0 = /dev/sdcc		81st SCSI disk whole disk
1245			 16 = /dev/sdcd		82nd SCSI disk whole disk
1246			 32 = /dev/sdce		83th SCSI disk whole disk
1247			    ...
1248			240 = /dev/sdcr		96th SCSI disk whole disk
1249	
1250			Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1251			disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1252			partitions is 15.
1253	
1254	 70 char	SpellCaster Protocol Services Interface
1255			  0 = /dev/apscfg	Configuration interface
1256			  1 = /dev/apsauth	Authentication interface
1257			  2 = /dev/apslog	Logging interface
1258			  3 = /dev/apsdbg	Debugging interface
1259			 64 = /dev/apsisdn	ISDN command interface
1260			 65 = /dev/apsasync	Async command interface
1261			128 = /dev/apsmon	Monitor interface
1262	
1263	 70 block	SCSI disk devices (96-111)
1264			  0 = /dev/sdcs		97th SCSI disk whole disk
1265			 16 = /dev/sdct		98th SCSI disk whole disk
1266			 32 = /dev/sdcu		99th SCSI disk whole disk
1267			    ...
1268			240 = /dev/sddh		112nd SCSI disk whole disk
1269	
1270			Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1271			disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1272			partitions is 15.
1273	
1274	 71 char	Computone IntelliPort II serial card
1275			  0 = /dev/ttyF0	IntelliPort II board 0, port 0
1276			  1 = /dev/ttyF1	IntelliPort II board 0, port 1
1277			    ...
1278			 63 = /dev/ttyF63	IntelliPort II board 0, port 63
1279			 64 = /dev/ttyF64	IntelliPort II board 1, port 0
1280			 65 = /dev/ttyF65	IntelliPort II board 1, port 1
1281			    ...
1282			127 = /dev/ttyF127	IntelliPort II board 1, port 63
1283			128 = /dev/ttyF128	IntelliPort II board 2, port 0
1284			129 = /dev/ttyF129	IntelliPort II board 2, port 1
1285			    ...
1286			191 = /dev/ttyF191	IntelliPort II board 2, port 63
1287			192 = /dev/ttyF192	IntelliPort II board 3, port 0
1288			193 = /dev/ttyF193	IntelliPort II board 3, port 1
1289			    ...
1290			255 = /dev/ttyF255	IntelliPort II board 3, port 63
1291	
1292	 71 block	SCSI disk devices (112-127)
1293			  0 = /dev/sddi		113th SCSI disk whole disk
1294			 16 = /dev/sddj		114th SCSI disk whole disk
1295			 32 = /dev/sddk		115th SCSI disk whole disk
1296			    ...
1297			240 = /dev/sddx		128th SCSI disk whole disk
1298	
1299			Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1300			disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1301			partitions is 15.
1302	
1303	 72 char	Computone IntelliPort II serial card - alternate devices
1304			  0 = /dev/cuf0		Callout device for ttyF0
1305			  1 = /dev/cuf1		Callout device for ttyF1
1306			    ...
1307			 63 = /dev/cuf63	Callout device for ttyF63
1308			 64 = /dev/cuf64	Callout device for ttyF64
1309			 65 = /dev/cuf65	Callout device for ttyF65
1310			    ...
1311			127 = /dev/cuf127	Callout device for ttyF127
1312			128 = /dev/cuf128	Callout device for ttyF128
1313			129 = /dev/cuf129	Callout device for ttyF129
1314			    ...
1315			191 = /dev/cuf191	Callout device for ttyF191
1316			192 = /dev/cuf192	Callout device for ttyF192
1317			193 = /dev/cuf193	Callout device for ttyF193
1318			    ...
1319			255 = /dev/cuf255	Callout device for ttyF255
1320	
1321	 72 block	Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, first controller
1322			  0 = /dev/ida/c0d0	First logical drive whole disk
1323			 16 = /dev/ida/c0d1	Second logical drive whole disk
1324			    ...
1325			240 = /dev/ida/c0d15	16th logical drive whole disk
1326	
1327			Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1328			DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1329			partitions is 15.
1330	
1331	 73 char	Computone IntelliPort II serial card - control devices
1332			  0 = /dev/ip2ipl0	Loadware device for board 0
1333			  1 = /dev/ip2stat0	Status device for board 0
1334			  4 = /dev/ip2ipl1	Loadware device for board 1
1335			  5 = /dev/ip2stat1	Status device for board 1
1336			  8 = /dev/ip2ipl2	Loadware device for board 2
1337			  9 = /dev/ip2stat2	Status device for board 2
1338			 12 = /dev/ip2ipl3	Loadware device for board 3
1339			 13 = /dev/ip2stat3	Status device for board 3
1340	
1341	 73 block	Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, second controller
1342			  0 = /dev/ida/c1d0	First logical drive whole disk
1343			 16 = /dev/ida/c1d1	Second logical drive whole disk
1344			    ...
1345			240 = /dev/ida/c1d15	16th logical drive whole disk
1346	
1347			Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1348			DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1349			partitions is 15.
1350	
1351	 74 char	SCI bridge
1352			  0 = /dev/SCI/0	SCI device 0
1353			  1 = /dev/SCI/1	SCI device 1
1354			    ...
1355	
1356			Currently for Dolphin Interconnect Solutions' PCI-SCI
1357			bridge.
1358	
1359	 74 block	Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, third controller
1360			  0 = /dev/ida/c2d0	First logical drive whole disk
1361			 16 = /dev/ida/c2d1	Second logical drive whole disk
1362			    ...
1363			240 = /dev/ida/c2d15	16th logical drive whole disk
1364	
1365			Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1366			DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1367			partitions is 15.
1368	
1369	 75 char	Specialix IO8+ serial card
1370			  0 = /dev/ttyW0	First IO8+ port, first card
1371			  1 = /dev/ttyW1	Second IO8+ port, first card
1372			    ...
1373			  8 = /dev/ttyW8	First IO8+ port, second card
1374			    ...
1375	
1376	 75 block	Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, fourth controller
1377			  0 = /dev/ida/c3d0	First logical drive whole disk
1378			 16 = /dev/ida/c3d1	Second logical drive whole disk
1379			    ...
1380			240 = /dev/ida/c3d15	16th logical drive whole disk
1381	
1382			Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1383			DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1384			partitions is 15.
1385	
1386	 76 char	Specialix IO8+ serial card - alternate devices
1387			  0 = /dev/cuw0		Callout device for ttyW0
1388			  1 = /dev/cuw1		Callout device for ttyW1
1389			    ...
1390			  8 = /dev/cuw8		Callout device for ttyW8
1391			    ...
1392	
1393	 76 block	Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, fifth controller
1394			  0 = /dev/ida/c4d0	First logical drive whole disk
1395			 16 = /dev/ida/c4d1	Second logical drive whole disk
1396			    ...
1397			240 = /dev/ida/c4d15	16th logical drive whole disk
1398	
1399			Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1400			DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1401			partitions is 15.
1402	
1403	
1404	 77 char	ComScire Quantum Noise Generator
1405			  0 = /dev/qng		ComScire Quantum Noise Generator
1406	
1407	 77 block	Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, sixth controller
1408			  0 = /dev/ida/c5d0	First logical drive whole disk
1409			 16 = /dev/ida/c5d1	Second logical drive whole disk
1410			    ...
1411			240 = /dev/ida/c5d15	16th logical drive whole disk
1412	
1413			Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1414			DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1415			partitions is 15.
1416	
1417	 78 char	PAM Software's multimodem boards
1418			  0 = /dev/ttyM0	First PAM modem
1419			  1 = /dev/ttyM1	Second PAM modem
1420			    ...
1421	
1422	 78 block	Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, seventh controller
1423			  0 = /dev/ida/c6d0	First logical drive whole disk
1424			 16 = /dev/ida/c6d1	Second logical drive whole disk
1425			    ...
1426			240 = /dev/ida/c6d15	16th logical drive whole disk
1427	
1428			Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1429			DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1430			partitions is 15.
1431	
1432	 79 char	PAM Software's multimodem boards - alternate devices
1433			  0 = /dev/cum0		Callout device for ttyM0
1434			  1 = /dev/cum1		Callout device for ttyM1
1435			    ...
1436	
1437	 79 block	Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, eighth controller
1438			  0 = /dev/ida/c7d0	First logical drive whole disk
1439			 16 = /dev/ida/c7d1	Second logical drive whole disk
1440			    ...
1441			240 = /dev/ida/c715	16th logical drive whole disk
1442	
1443			Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1444			DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1445			partitions is 15.
1446	
1447	 80 char	Photometrics AT200 CCD camera
1448			  0 = /dev/at200	Photometrics AT200 CCD camera
1449	
1450	 80 block	I2O hard disk
1451			  0 = /dev/i2o/hda	First I2O hard disk, whole disk
1452			 16 = /dev/i2o/hdb	Second I2O hard disk, whole disk
1453			    ...
1454			240 = /dev/i2o/hdp	16th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1455	
1456			Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1457			disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1458			partitions is 15.
1459	
1460	 81 char	video4linux
1461			  0 = /dev/video0	Video capture/overlay device
1462			    ...
1463			 63 = /dev/video63	Video capture/overlay device
1464			 64 = /dev/radio0	Radio device
1465			    ...
1466			127 = /dev/radio63	Radio device
1467			128 = /dev/swradio0	Software Defined Radio device
1468			    ...
1469			191 = /dev/swradio63	Software Defined Radio device
1470			224 = /dev/vbi0		Vertical blank interrupt
1471			    ...
1472			255 = /dev/vbi31	Vertical blank interrupt
1473	
1474			Minor numbers are allocated dynamically unless
1475			CONFIG_VIDEO_FIXED_MINOR_RANGES (default n)
1476			configuration option is set.
1477	
1478	 81 block	I2O hard disk
1479			  0 = /dev/i2o/hdq	17th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1480			 16 = /dev/i2o/hdr	18th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1481			    ...
1482			240 = /dev/i2o/hdaf	32nd I2O hard disk, whole disk
1483	
1484			Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1485			disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1486			partitions is 15.
1487	
1488	 82 char	WiNRADiO communications receiver card
1489			  0 = /dev/winradio0	First WiNRADiO card
1490			  1 = /dev/winradio1	Second WiNRADiO card
1491			    ...
1492	
1493			The driver and documentation may be obtained from
1494			http://www.winradio.com/
1495	
1496	 82 block	I2O hard disk
1497			  0 = /dev/i2o/hdag	33rd I2O hard disk, whole disk
1498			 16 = /dev/i2o/hdah	34th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1499			    ...
1500			240 = /dev/i2o/hdav	48th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1501	
1502			Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1503			disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1504			partitions is 15.
1505	
1506	 83 char	Matrox mga_vid video driver
1507	 		 0 = /dev/mga_vid0	1st video card
1508			 1 = /dev/mga_vid1	2nd video card
1509			 2 = /dev/mga_vid2	3rd video card
1510			  ...
1511		        15 = /dev/mga_vid15	16th video card
1512	
1513	 83 block	I2O hard disk
1514			  0 = /dev/i2o/hdaw	49th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1515			 16 = /dev/i2o/hdax	50th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1516			    ...
1517			240 = /dev/i2o/hdbl	64th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1518	
1519			Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1520			disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1521			partitions is 15.
1522	
1523	 84 char	Ikon 1011[57] Versatec Greensheet Interface
1524			  0 = /dev/ihcp0	First Greensheet port
1525			  1 = /dev/ihcp1	Second Greensheet port
1526	
1527	 84 block	I2O hard disk
1528			  0 = /dev/i2o/hdbm	65th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1529			 16 = /dev/i2o/hdbn	66th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1530			    ...
1531			240 = /dev/i2o/hdcb	80th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1532	
1533			Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1534			disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1535			partitions is 15.
1536	
1537	 85 char	Linux/SGI shared memory input queue
1538			  0 = /dev/shmiq	Master shared input queue
1539			  1 = /dev/qcntl0	First device pushed
1540			  2 = /dev/qcntl1	Second device pushed
1541			    ...
1542	
1543	 85 block	I2O hard disk
1544			  0 = /dev/i2o/hdcc	81st I2O hard disk, whole disk
1545			 16 = /dev/i2o/hdcd	82nd I2O hard disk, whole disk
1546			    ...
1547			240 = /dev/i2o/hdcr	96th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1548	
1549			Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1550			disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1551			partitions is 15.
1552	
1553	 86 char	SCSI media changer
1554			  0 = /dev/sch0		First SCSI media changer
1555			  1 = /dev/sch1		Second SCSI media changer
1556			    ...
1557	
1558	 86 block	I2O hard disk
1559			  0 = /dev/i2o/hdcs	97th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1560			 16 = /dev/i2o/hdct	98th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1561			    ...
1562			240 = /dev/i2o/hddh	112th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1563	
1564			Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1565			disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1566			partitions is 15.
1567	
1568	 87 char	Sony Control-A1 stereo control bus
1569			  0 = /dev/controla0	First device on chain
1570			  1 = /dev/controla1	Second device on chain
1571			    ...
1572	
1573	 87 block	I2O hard disk
1574			  0 = /dev/i2o/hddi	113rd I2O hard disk, whole disk
1575			 16 = /dev/i2o/hddj	114th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1576			    ...
1577			240 = /dev/i2o/hddx	128th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1578	
1579			Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1580			disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1581			partitions is 15.
1582	
1583	 88 char	COMX synchronous serial card
1584			  0 = /dev/comx0	COMX channel 0
1585			  1 = /dev/comx1	COMX channel 1
1586			    ...
1587	
1588	 88 block	Seventh IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
1589			  0 = /dev/hdm		Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1590			 64 = /dev/hdn		Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1591	
1592			Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
1593			interface (see major number 3).
1594	
1595	 89 char	I2C bus interface
1596			  0 = /dev/i2c-0	First I2C adapter
1597			  1 = /dev/i2c-1	Second I2C adapter
1598			    ...
1599	
1600	 89 block	Eighth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
1601			  0 = /dev/hdo		Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1602			 64 = /dev/hdp		Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1603	
1604			Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
1605			interface (see major number 3).
1606	
1607	 90 char	Memory Technology Device (RAM, ROM, Flash)
1608			  0 = /dev/mtd0		First MTD (rw)
1609			  1 = /dev/mtdr0	First MTD (ro)
1610			    ...
1611			 30 = /dev/mtd15	16th MTD (rw)
1612			 31 = /dev/mtdr15	16th MTD (ro)
1613	
1614	 90 block	Ninth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
1615			  0 = /dev/hdq		Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1616			 64 = /dev/hdr		Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1617	
1618			Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
1619			interface (see major number 3).
1620	
1621	 91 char	CAN-Bus devices
1622			  0 = /dev/can0		First CAN-Bus controller
1623			  1 = /dev/can1		Second CAN-Bus controller
1624			    ...
1625	
1626	 91 block	Tenth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
1627			  0 = /dev/hds		Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1628			 64 = /dev/hdt		Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1629	
1630			Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
1631			interface (see major number 3).
1632	
1633	 92 char	Reserved for ith Kommunikationstechnik MIC ISDN card
1634	
1635	 92 block	PPDD encrypted disk driver
1636			  0 = /dev/ppdd0	First encrypted disk
1637			  1 = /dev/ppdd1	Second encrypted disk
1638			    ...
1639	
1640			Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1641			disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1642			partitions is 15.
1643	
1644	 93 char
1645	
1646	 93 block	NAND Flash Translation Layer filesystem
1647			  0 = /dev/nftla	First NFTL layer
1648			 16 = /dev/nftlb	Second NFTL layer
1649			    ...
1650			240 = /dev/nftlp	16th NTFL layer
1651	
1652	 94 char
1653	
1654	 94 block	IBM S/390 DASD block storage
1655	    		  0 = /dev/dasda First DASD device, major
1656	    		  1 = /dev/dasda1 First DASD device, block 1
1657		    	  2 = /dev/dasda2 First DASD device, block 2
1658	    		  3 = /dev/dasda3 First DASD device, block 3
1659	    		  4 = /dev/dasdb Second DASD device, major
1660	    		  5 = /dev/dasdb1 Second DASD device, block 1
1661	    		  6 = /dev/dasdb2 Second DASD device, block 2
1662	    		  7 = /dev/dasdb3 Second DASD device, block 3
1663			    ...
1664	
1665	 95 char	IP filter
1666			  0 = /dev/ipl		Filter control device/log file
1667			  1 = /dev/ipnat	NAT control device/log file
1668			  2 = /dev/ipstate	State information log file
1669			  3 = /dev/ipauth	Authentication control device/log file
1670			    ...
1671	
1672	 96 char	Parallel port ATAPI tape devices
1673			  0 = /dev/pt0		First parallel port ATAPI tape
1674			  1 = /dev/pt1		Second parallel port ATAPI tape
1675			    ...
1676			128 = /dev/npt0		First p.p. ATAPI tape, no rewind
1677			129 = /dev/npt1		Second p.p. ATAPI tape, no rewind
1678			    ...
1679	
1680	 96 block	Inverse NAND Flash Translation Layer
1681			  0 = /dev/inftla First INFTL layer
1682			 16 = /dev/inftlb Second INFTL layer
1683			    ...
1684			240 = /dev/inftlp	16th INTFL layer
1685	
1686	 97 char	Parallel port generic ATAPI interface
1687			  0 = /dev/pg0		First parallel port ATAPI device
1688			  1 = /dev/pg1		Second parallel port ATAPI device
1689			  2 = /dev/pg2		Third parallel port ATAPI device
1690			  3 = /dev/pg3		Fourth parallel port ATAPI device
1691	
1692			These devices support the same API as the generic SCSI
1693			devices.
1694	
1695	 98 char	Control and Measurement Device (comedi)
1696			  0 = /dev/comedi0	First comedi device
1697			  1 = /dev/comedi1	Second comedi device
1698			    ...
1699	
1700			See http://stm.lbl.gov/comedi.
1701	
1702	 98 block	User-mode virtual block device
1703			  0 = /dev/ubda		First user-mode block device
1704			 16 = /dev/udbb		Second user-mode block device
1705			    ...
1706	
1707			Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1708			disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1709			partitions is 15.
1710	
1711			This device is used by the user-mode virtual kernel port.
1712	
1713	 99 char	Raw parallel ports
1714			  0 = /dev/parport0	First parallel port
1715			  1 = /dev/parport1	Second parallel port
1716			    ...
1717	
1718	 99 block	JavaStation flash disk
1719			  0 = /dev/jsfd		JavaStation flash disk
1720	
1721	100 char	Telephony for Linux
1722			  0 = /dev/phone0	First telephony device
1723			  1 = /dev/phone1	Second telephony device
1724			    ...
1725	
1726	101 char	Motorola DSP 56xxx board
1727			  0 = /dev/mdspstat	Status information
1728			  1 = /dev/mdsp1	First DSP board I/O controls
1729			    ...
1730			 16 = /dev/mdsp16	16th DSP board I/O controls
1731	
1732	101 block	AMI HyperDisk RAID controller
1733			  0 = /dev/amiraid/ar0	First array whole disk
1734			 16 = /dev/amiraid/ar1	Second array whole disk
1735			    ...
1736			240 = /dev/amiraid/ar15	16th array whole disk
1737	
1738			For each device, partitions are added as:
1739			  0 = /dev/amiraid/ar?	  Whole disk
1740			  1 = /dev/amiraid/ar?p1  First partition
1741			  2 = /dev/amiraid/ar?p2  Second partition
1742			    ...
1743			 15 = /dev/amiraid/ar?p15 15th partition
1744	
1745	102 char
1746	
1747	102 block	Compressed block device
1748			  0 = /dev/cbd/a	First compressed block device, whole device
1749			 16 = /dev/cbd/b	Second compressed block device, whole device
1750			    ...
1751			240 = /dev/cbd/p	16th compressed block device, whole device
1752	
1753			Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1754			disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1755			partitions is 15.
1756	
1757	103 char	Arla network file system
1758			  0 = /dev/nnpfs0	First NNPFS device
1759			  1 = /dev/nnpfs1	Second NNPFS device
1760	
1761			Arla is a free clone of the Andrew File System, AFS.
1762			The NNPFS device gives user mode filesystem
1763			implementations a kernel presence for caching and easy
1764			mounting.  For more information about the project,
1765			write to  or see
1766			http://www.stacken.kth.se/project/arla/
1767	
1768	103 block	Audit device
1769			  0 = /dev/audit	Audit device
1770	
1771	104 char	Flash BIOS support
1772	
1773	104 block	Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, first controller
1774			  0 = /dev/cciss/c0d0	First logical drive, whole disk
1775			 16 = /dev/cciss/c0d1	Second logical drive, whole disk
1776			    ...
1777			240 = /dev/cciss/c0d15	16th logical drive, whole disk
1778	
1779			Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1780			DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1781			partitions is 15.
1782	
1783	105 char	Comtrol VS-1000 serial controller
1784			  0 = /dev/ttyV0	First VS-1000 port
1785			  1 = /dev/ttyV1	Second VS-1000 port
1786			    ...
1787	
1788	105 block	Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, second controller
1789			  0 = /dev/cciss/c1d0	First logical drive, whole disk
1790			 16 = /dev/cciss/c1d1	Second logical drive, whole disk
1791			    ...
1792			240 = /dev/cciss/c1d15	16th logical drive, whole disk
1793	
1794			Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1795			DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1796			partitions is 15.
1797	
1798	106 char	Comtrol VS-1000 serial controller - alternate devices
1799			  0 = /dev/cuv0		First VS-1000 port
1800			  1 = /dev/cuv1		Second VS-1000 port
1801			    ...
1802	
1803	106 block	Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, third controller
1804			  0 = /dev/cciss/c2d0	First logical drive, whole disk
1805			 16 = /dev/cciss/c2d1	Second logical drive, whole disk
1806			    ...
1807			240 = /dev/cciss/c2d15	16th logical drive, whole disk
1808	
1809			Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1810			DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1811			partitions is 15.
1812	
1813	107 char	3Dfx Voodoo Graphics device
1814			  0 = /dev/3dfx		Primary 3Dfx graphics device
1815	
1816	107 block	Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, fourth controller
1817			  0 = /dev/cciss/c3d0	First logical drive, whole disk
1818			 16 = /dev/cciss/c3d1	Second logical drive, whole disk
1819			    ...
1820			240 = /dev/cciss/c3d15	16th logical drive, whole disk
1821	
1822			Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1823			DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1824			partitions is 15.
1825	
1826	108 char	Device independent PPP interface
1827			  0 = /dev/ppp		Device independent PPP interface
1828	
1829	108 block	Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, fifth controller
1830			  0 = /dev/cciss/c4d0	First logical drive, whole disk
1831			 16 = /dev/cciss/c4d1	Second logical drive, whole disk
1832			    ...
1833			240 = /dev/cciss/c4d15	16th logical drive, whole disk
1834	
1835			Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1836			DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1837			partitions is 15.
1838	
1839	109 char	Reserved for logical volume manager
1840	
1841	109 block	Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, sixth controller
1842			  0 = /dev/cciss/c5d0	First logical drive, whole disk
1843			 16 = /dev/cciss/c5d1	Second logical drive, whole disk
1844			    ...
1845			240 = /dev/cciss/c5d15	16th logical drive, whole disk
1846	
1847			Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1848			DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1849			partitions is 15.
1850	
1851	110 char	miroMEDIA Surround board
1852			  0 = /dev/srnd0	First miroMEDIA Surround board
1853			  1 = /dev/srnd1	Second miroMEDIA Surround board
1854			    ...
1855	
1856	110 block	Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, seventh controller
1857			  0 = /dev/cciss/c6d0	First logical drive, whole disk
1858			 16 = /dev/cciss/c6d1	Second logical drive, whole disk
1859			    ...
1860			240 = /dev/cciss/c6d15	16th logical drive, whole disk
1861	
1862			Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1863			DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1864			partitions is 15.
1865	
1866	111 char
1867	
1868	111 block	Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, eighth controller
1869			  0 = /dev/cciss/c7d0	First logical drive, whole disk
1870			 16 = /dev/cciss/c7d1	Second logical drive, whole disk
1871			    ...
1872			240 = /dev/cciss/c7d15	16th logical drive, whole disk
1873	
1874			Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1875			DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1876			partitions is 15.
1877	
1878	112 char	ISI serial card
1879			  0 = /dev/ttyM0	First ISI port
1880			  1 = /dev/ttyM1	Second ISI port
1881			    ...
1882	
1883			There is currently a device-naming conflict between
1884			these and PAM multimodems (major 78).
1885	
1886	112 block	IBM iSeries virtual disk
1887			  0 = /dev/iseries/vda	First virtual disk, whole disk
1888			  8 = /dev/iseries/vdb	Second virtual disk, whole disk
1889			    ...
1890			200 = /dev/iseries/vdz	26th virtual disk, whole disk
1891			208 = /dev/iseries/vdaa	27th virtual disk, whole disk
1892			    ...
1893			248 = /dev/iseries/vdaf	32nd virtual disk, whole disk
1894	
1895			Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1896			disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1897			partitions is 7.
1898	
1899	113 char	ISI serial card - alternate devices
1900			  0 = /dev/cum0		Callout device for ttyM0
1901			  1 = /dev/cum1		Callout device for ttyM1
1902			    ...
1903	
1904	113 block	IBM iSeries virtual CD-ROM
1905			  0 = /dev/iseries/vcda	First virtual CD-ROM
1906			  1 = /dev/iseries/vcdb	Second virtual CD-ROM
1907			    ...
1908	
1909	114 char	Picture Elements ISE board
1910			  0 = /dev/ise0		First ISE board
1911			  1 = /dev/ise1		Second ISE board
1912			    ...
1913			128 = /dev/isex0	Control node for first ISE board
1914			129 = /dev/isex1	Control node for second ISE board
1915			    ...
1916	
1917			The ISE board is an embedded computer, optimized for
1918			image processing. The /dev/iseN nodes are the general
1919			I/O access to the board, the /dev/isex0 nodes command
1920			nodes used to control the board.
1921	
1922	114 block       IDE BIOS powered software RAID interfaces such as the
1923	                Promise Fastrak
1924	
1925	                  0 = /dev/ataraid/d0
1926	                  1 = /dev/ataraid/d0p1
1927	                  2 = /dev/ataraid/d0p2
1928	                  ...
1929	                 16 = /dev/ataraid/d1
1930	                 17 = /dev/ataraid/d1p1
1931	                 18 = /dev/ataraid/d1p2
1932	                  ...
1933	                255 = /dev/ataraid/d15p15
1934	
1935			Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1936			disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1937			partitions is 15.
1938	
1939	115 char	TI link cable devices (115 was formerly the console driver speaker)
1940			  0 = /dev/tipar0    Parallel cable on first parallel port
1941			  ...
1942			  7 = /dev/tipar7    Parallel cable on seventh parallel port
1943	
1944			  8 = /dev/tiser0    Serial cable on first serial port
1945			  ...
1946			 15 = /dev/tiser7    Serial cable on seventh serial port
1947	
1948			 16 = /dev/tiusb0    First USB cable
1949			  ...
1950			 47 = /dev/tiusb31   32nd USB cable
1951	
1952	115 block       NetWare (NWFS) Devices (0-255)
1953	
1954	                The NWFS (NetWare) devices are used to present a
1955	                collection of NetWare Mirror Groups or NetWare
1956	                Partitions as a logical storage segment for
1957	                use in mounting NetWare volumes.  A maximum of
1958	                256 NetWare volumes can be supported in a single
1959	                machine.
1960	
1961	                http://cgfa.telepac.pt/ftp2/kernel.org/linux/kernel/people/jmerkey/nwfs/
1962	
1963	                0 = /dev/nwfs/v0    First NetWare (NWFS) Logical Volume
1964	                1 = /dev/nwfs/v1    Second NetWare (NWFS) Logical Volume
1965	                2 = /dev/nwfs/v2    Third NetWare (NWFS) Logical Volume
1966	                      ...
1967	                255 = /dev/nwfs/v255    Last NetWare (NWFS) Logical Volume
1968	
1969	116 char	Advanced Linux Sound Driver (ALSA)
1970	
1971	116 block       MicroMemory battery backed RAM adapter (NVRAM)
1972	                Supports 16 boards, 15 partitions each.
1973	                Requested by neilb at cse.unsw.edu.au.
1974	
1975			 0 = /dev/umem/d0      Whole of first board
1976			 1 = /dev/umem/d0p1    First partition of first board
1977			 2 = /dev/umem/d0p2    Second partition of first board
1978			15 = /dev/umem/d0p15   15th partition of first board
1979	
1980			16 = /dev/umem/d1      Whole of second board
1981			17 = /dev/umem/d1p1    First partition of second board
1982			    ...
1983			255= /dev/umem/d15p15  15th partition of 16th board.
1984	
1985	117 char	COSA/SRP synchronous serial card
1986			  0 = /dev/cosa0c0	1st board, 1st channel
1987			  1 = /dev/cosa0c1	1st board, 2nd channel
1988			    ...
1989			 16 = /dev/cosa1c0	2nd board, 1st channel
1990			 17 = /dev/cosa1c1	2nd board, 2nd channel
1991			    ...
1992	
1993	117 block       Enterprise Volume Management System (EVMS)
1994	
1995	                The EVMS driver uses a layered, plug-in model to provide
1996	                unparalleled flexibility and extensibility in managing
1997	                storage.  This allows for easy expansion or customization
1998	                of various levels of volume management.  Requested by
1999	                Mark Peloquin (peloquin at us.ibm.com).
2000	
2001	                Note: EVMS populates and manages all the devnodes in
2002	                /dev/evms.
2003	
2004	                http://sf.net/projects/evms
2005	
2006	                  0 = /dev/evms/block_device   EVMS block device
2007	                  1 = /dev/evms/legacyname1    First EVMS legacy device
2008	                  2 = /dev/evms/legacyname2    Second EVMS legacy device
2009	                    ...
2010	                    Both ranges can grow (down or up) until they meet.
2011	                    ...
2012	                254 = /dev/evms/EVMSname2      Second EVMS native device
2013	                255 = /dev/evms/EVMSname1      First EVMS native device
2014	
2015	                Note: legacyname(s) are derived from the normal legacy
2016	                device names.  For example, /dev/hda5 would become
2017	                /dev/evms/hda5.
2018	
2019	118 char	IBM Cryptographic Accelerator
2020			  0 = /dev/ica	Virtual interface to all IBM Crypto Accelerators
2021			  1 = /dev/ica0	IBMCA Device 0
2022			  2 = /dev/ica1	IBMCA Device 1
2023			    ...
2024	
2025	119 char	VMware virtual network control
2026			  0 = /dev/vnet0	1st virtual network
2027			  1 = /dev/vnet1	2nd virtual network
2028			    ...
2029	
2030	120-127 char	LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE
2031	
2032	120-127 block	LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE
2033			Allocated for local/experimental use.  For devices not
2034			assigned official numbers, these ranges should be
2035			used in order to avoid conflicting with future assignments.
2036	
2037	128-135 char	Unix98 PTY masters
2038	
2039			These devices should not have corresponding device
2040			nodes; instead they should be accessed through the
2041			/dev/ptmx cloning interface.
2042	
2043	128 block       SCSI disk devices (128-143)
2044	                  0 = /dev/sddy         129th SCSI disk whole disk
2045	                 16 = /dev/sddz         130th SCSI disk whole disk
2046	                 32 = /dev/sdea         131th SCSI disk whole disk
2047	                    ...
2048	                240 = /dev/sden         144th SCSI disk whole disk
2049	
2050			Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
2051			disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
2052			partitions is 15.
2053	
2054	129 block       SCSI disk devices (144-159)
2055	                  0 = /dev/sdeo         145th SCSI disk whole disk
2056	                 16 = /dev/sdep         146th SCSI disk whole disk
2057	                 32 = /dev/sdeq         147th SCSI disk whole disk
2058	                    ...
2059	                240 = /dev/sdfd         160th SCSI disk whole disk
2060	
2061			Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
2062			disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
2063			partitions is 15.
2064	
2065	130 char 	(Misc devices)
2066	
2067	130 block       SCSI disk devices (160-175)
2068	                  0 = /dev/sdfe         161st SCSI disk whole disk
2069	                 16 = /dev/sdff         162nd SCSI disk whole disk
2070	                 32 = /dev/sdfg         163rd SCSI disk whole disk
2071	                    ...
2072	                240 = /dev/sdft         176th SCSI disk whole disk
2073	
2074			Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
2075			disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
2076			partitions is 15.
2077	
2078	131 block       SCSI disk devices (176-191)
2079	                  0 = /dev/sdfu         177th SCSI disk whole disk
2080	                 16 = /dev/sdfv         178th SCSI disk whole disk
2081	                 32 = /dev/sdfw         179th SCSI disk whole disk
2082	                    ...
2083	                240 = /dev/sdgj         192nd SCSI disk whole disk
2084	
2085			Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
2086			disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
2087			partitions is 15.
2088	
2089	132 block       SCSI disk devices (192-207)
2090	                  0 = /dev/sdgk         193rd SCSI disk whole disk
2091	                 16 = /dev/sdgl         194th SCSI disk whole disk
2092	                 32 = /dev/sdgm         195th SCSI disk whole disk
2093	                    ...
2094	                240 = /dev/sdgz         208th SCSI disk whole disk
2095	
2096			Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
2097			disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
2098			partitions is 15.
2099	
2100	133 block       SCSI disk devices (208-223)
2101	                  0 = /dev/sdha         209th SCSI disk whole disk
2102	                 16 = /dev/sdhb         210th SCSI disk whole disk
2103	                 32 = /dev/sdhc         211th SCSI disk whole disk
2104	                    ...
2105	                240 = /dev/sdhp         224th SCSI disk whole disk
2106	
2107			Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
2108			disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
2109			partitions is 15.
2110	
2111	134 block       SCSI disk devices (224-239)
2112	                  0 = /dev/sdhq         225th SCSI disk whole disk
2113	                 16 = /dev/sdhr         226th SCSI disk whole disk
2114	                 32 = /dev/sdhs         227th SCSI disk whole disk
2115	                    ...
2116	                240 = /dev/sdif         240th SCSI disk whole disk
2117	
2118			Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
2119			disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
2120			partitions is 15.
2121	
2122	135 block       SCSI disk devices (240-255)
2123	                  0 = /dev/sdig         241st SCSI disk whole disk
2124	                 16 = /dev/sdih         242nd SCSI disk whole disk
2125	                 32 = /dev/sdih         243rd SCSI disk whole disk
2126	                    ...
2127	                240 = /dev/sdiv         256th SCSI disk whole disk
2128	
2129			Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
2130			disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
2131			partitions is 15.
2132	
2133	136-143 char	Unix98 PTY slaves
2134			  0 = /dev/pts/0	First Unix98 pseudo-TTY
2135			  1 = /dev/pts/1	Second Unix98 pseudo-TTY
2136			    ...
2137	
2138			These device nodes are automatically generated with
2139			the proper permissions and modes by mounting the
2140			devpts filesystem onto /dev/pts with the appropriate
2141			mount options (distribution dependent, however, on
2142			*most* distributions the appropriate options are
2143			"mode=0620,gid=".)
2144	
2145	136 block	Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; ninth controller
2146			  0 = /dev/rd/c8d0	First disk, whole disk
2147			  8 = /dev/rd/c8d1	Second disk, whole disk
2148			    ...
2149			248 = /dev/rd/c8d31	32nd disk, whole disk
2150	
2151			Partitions are handled as for major 48.
2152	
2153	137 block	Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; tenth controller
2154			  0 = /dev/rd/c9d0	First disk, whole disk
2155			  8 = /dev/rd/c9d1	Second disk, whole disk
2156			    ...
2157			248 = /dev/rd/c9d31	32nd disk, whole disk
2158	
2159			Partitions are handled as for major 48.
2160	
2161	138 block	Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; eleventh controller
2162			  0 = /dev/rd/c10d0	First disk, whole disk
2163			  8 = /dev/rd/c10d1	Second disk, whole disk
2164			    ...
2165			248 = /dev/rd/c10d31	32nd disk, whole disk
2166	
2167			Partitions are handled as for major 48.
2168	
2169	139 block	Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; twelfth controller
2170			  0 = /dev/rd/c11d0	First disk, whole disk
2171			  8 = /dev/rd/c11d1	Second disk, whole disk
2172			    ...
2173			248 = /dev/rd/c11d31	32nd disk, whole disk
2174	
2175			Partitions are handled as for major 48.
2176	
2177	140 block	Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; thirteenth controller
2178			  0 = /dev/rd/c12d0	First disk, whole disk
2179			  8 = /dev/rd/c12d1	Second disk, whole disk
2180			    ...
2181			248 = /dev/rd/c12d31	32nd disk, whole disk
2182	
2183			Partitions are handled as for major 48.
2184	
2185	141 block	Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; fourteenth controller
2186			  0 = /dev/rd/c13d0	First disk, whole disk
2187			  8 = /dev/rd/c13d1	Second disk, whole disk
2188			    ...
2189			248 = /dev/rd/c13d31	32nd disk, whole disk
2190	
2191			Partitions are handled as for major 48.
2192	
2193	142 block	Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; fifteenth controller
2194			  0 = /dev/rd/c14d0	First disk, whole disk
2195			  8 = /dev/rd/c14d1	Second disk, whole disk
2196			    ...
2197			248 = /dev/rd/c14d31	32nd disk, whole disk
2198	
2199			Partitions are handled as for major 48.
2200	
2201	143 block	Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; sixteenth controller
2202			  0 = /dev/rd/c15d0	First disk, whole disk
2203			  8 = /dev/rd/c15d1	Second disk, whole disk
2204			    ...
2205			248 = /dev/rd/c15d31	32nd disk, whole disk
2206	
2207			Partitions are handled as for major 48.
2208	
2209	144 char	Encapsulated PPP
2210			  0 = /dev/pppox0	First PPP over Ethernet
2211			    ...
2212			 63 = /dev/pppox63	64th PPP over Ethernet
2213	
2214			This is primarily used for ADSL.
2215	
2216			The SST 5136-DN DeviceNet interface driver has been
2217			relocated to major 183 due to an unfortunate conflict.
2218	
2219	144 block	Expansion Area #1 for more non-device (e.g. NFS) mounts
2220			  0 = mounted device 256
2221			255 = mounted device 511
2222	
2223	145 char	SAM9407-based soundcard
2224			  0 = /dev/sam0_mixer
2225			  1 = /dev/sam0_sequencer
2226			  2 = /dev/sam0_midi00
2227			  3 = /dev/sam0_dsp
2228			  4 = /dev/sam0_audio
2229			  6 = /dev/sam0_sndstat
2230			 18 = /dev/sam0_midi01
2231			 34 = /dev/sam0_midi02
2232			 50 = /dev/sam0_midi03
2233			 64 = /dev/sam1_mixer
2234			    ...
2235			128 = /dev/sam2_mixer
2236			    ...
2237			192 = /dev/sam3_mixer
2238			    ...
2239	
2240			Device functions match OSS, but offer a number of
2241			addons, which are sam9407 specific.  OSS can be
2242			operated simultaneously, taking care of the codec.
2243	
2244	145 block	Expansion Area #2 for more non-device (e.g. NFS) mounts
2245			  0 = mounted device 512
2246			255 = mounted device 767
2247	
2248	146 char	SYSTRAM SCRAMNet mirrored-memory network
2249			  0 = /dev/scramnet0	First SCRAMNet device
2250			  1 = /dev/scramnet1	Second SCRAMNet device
2251			    ...
2252	
2253	146 block	Expansion Area #3 for more non-device (e.g. NFS) mounts
2254			  0 = mounted device 768
2255			255 = mounted device 1023
2256	
2257	147 char	Aureal Semiconductor Vortex Audio device
2258			  0 = /dev/aureal0	First Aureal Vortex
2259			  1 = /dev/aureal1	Second Aureal Vortex
2260			    ...
2261	
2262	147 block	Distributed Replicated Block Device (DRBD)
2263			  0 = /dev/drbd0	First DRBD device
2264			  1 = /dev/drbd1	Second DRBD device
2265			    ...
2266	
2267	148 char	Technology Concepts serial card
2268			  0 = /dev/ttyT0	First TCL port
2269			  1 = /dev/ttyT1	Second TCL port
2270			    ...
2271	
2272	149 char	Technology Concepts serial card - alternate devices
2273			  0 = /dev/cut0		Callout device for ttyT0
2274			  1 = /dev/cut0		Callout device for ttyT1
2275			    ...
2276	
2277	150 char	Real-Time Linux FIFOs
2278			  0 = /dev/rtf0		First RTLinux FIFO
2279			  1 = /dev/rtf1		Second RTLinux FIFO
2280			    ...
2281	
2282	151 char	DPT I2O SmartRaid V controller
2283			  0 = /dev/dpti0	First DPT I2O adapter
2284			  1 = /dev/dpti1	Second DPT I2O adapter
2285			    ...
2286	
2287	152 char	EtherDrive Control Device
2288			  0 = /dev/etherd/ctl	Connect/Disconnect an EtherDrive
2289			  1 = /dev/etherd/err	Monitor errors
2290			  2 = /dev/etherd/raw	Raw AoE packet monitor
2291	
2292	152 block	EtherDrive Block Devices
2293			  0 = /dev/etherd/0	EtherDrive 0
2294			    ...
2295			255 = /dev/etherd/255	EtherDrive 255
2296	
2297	153 char	SPI Bus Interface (sometimes referred to as MicroWire)
2298			  0 = /dev/spi0		First SPI device on the bus
2299			  1 = /dev/spi1		Second SPI device on the bus
2300			    ...
2301			 15 = /dev/spi15	Sixteenth SPI device on the bus
2302	
2303	153 block	Enhanced Metadisk RAID (EMD) storage units
2304			  0 = /dev/emd/0	First unit
2305			  1 = /dev/emd/0p1	Partition 1 on First unit
2306			  2 = /dev/emd/0p2	Partition 2 on First unit
2307			    ...
2308			 15 = /dev/emd/0p15	Partition 15 on First unit
2309	
2310			 16 = /dev/emd/1	Second unit
2311			 32 = /dev/emd/2	Third unit
2312			    ...
2313			240 = /dev/emd/15	Sixteenth unit
2314	
2315			Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
2316			disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
2317			partitions is 15.
2318	
2319	154 char	Specialix RIO serial card
2320			  0 = /dev/ttySR0	First RIO port
2321			    ...
2322			255 = /dev/ttySR255	256th RIO port
2323	
2324	155 char	Specialix RIO serial card - alternate devices
2325			  0 = /dev/cusr0	Callout device for ttySR0
2326			    ...
2327			255 = /dev/cusr255	Callout device for ttySR255
2328	
2329	156 char	Specialix RIO serial card
2330			  0 = /dev/ttySR256	257th RIO port
2331			    ...
2332			255 = /dev/ttySR511	512th RIO port
2333	
2334	157 char	Specialix RIO serial card - alternate devices
2335			  0 = /dev/cusr256	Callout device for ttySR256
2336			    ...
2337			255 = /dev/cusr511	Callout device for ttySR511
2338	
2339	158 char	Dialogic GammaLink fax driver
2340			  0 = /dev/gfax0	GammaLink channel 0
2341			  1 = /dev/gfax1	GammaLink channel 1
2342			    ...
2343	
2344	159 char	RESERVED
2345	
2346	159 block	RESERVED
2347	
2348	160 char	General Purpose Instrument Bus (GPIB)
2349			  0 = /dev/gpib0	First GPIB bus
2350			  1 = /dev/gpib1	Second GPIB bus
2351			    ...
2352	
2353	160 block       Carmel 8-port SATA Disks on First Controller
2354			  0 = /dev/carmel/0     SATA disk 0 whole disk
2355			  1 = /dev/carmel/0p1   SATA disk 0 partition 1
2356			    ...
2357			 31 = /dev/carmel/0p31  SATA disk 0 partition 31
2358	
2359			 32 = /dev/carmel/1     SATA disk 1 whole disk
2360			 64 = /dev/carmel/2     SATA disk 2 whole disk
2361			    ...
2362			224 = /dev/carmel/7     SATA disk 7 whole disk
2363	
2364			Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
2365			disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
2366			partitions is 31.
2367	
2368	161 char	IrCOMM devices (IrDA serial/parallel emulation)
2369			  0 = /dev/ircomm0	First IrCOMM device
2370			  1 = /dev/ircomm1	Second IrCOMM device
2371			    ...
2372			 16 = /dev/irlpt0	First IrLPT device
2373			 17 = /dev/irlpt1	Second IrLPT device
2374			    ...
2375	
2376	161 block       Carmel 8-port SATA Disks on Second Controller
2377			  0 = /dev/carmel/8     SATA disk 8 whole disk
2378			  1 = /dev/carmel/8p1   SATA disk 8 partition 1
2379			    ...
2380			 31 = /dev/carmel/8p31  SATA disk 8 partition 31
2381	
2382			 32 = /dev/carmel/9     SATA disk 9 whole disk
2383			 64 = /dev/carmel/10    SATA disk 10 whole disk
2384			    ...
2385			224 = /dev/carmel/15    SATA disk 15 whole disk
2386	
2387			Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
2388			disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
2389			partitions is 31.
2390	
2391	162 char	Raw block device interface
2392			  0 = /dev/rawctl	Raw I/O control device
2393			  1 = /dev/raw/raw1	First raw I/O device
2394			  2 = /dev/raw/raw2	Second raw I/O device
2395			    ...
2396	                 max minor number of raw device is set by kernel config
2397	                 MAX_RAW_DEVS or raw module parameter 'max_raw_devs'
2398	
2399	163 char
2400	
2401	164 char	Chase Research AT/PCI-Fast serial card
2402			  0 = /dev/ttyCH0	AT/PCI-Fast board 0, port 0
2403			    ...
2404			 15 = /dev/ttyCH15	AT/PCI-Fast board 0, port 15
2405			 16 = /dev/ttyCH16	AT/PCI-Fast board 1, port 0
2406			    ...
2407			 31 = /dev/ttyCH31	AT/PCI-Fast board 1, port 15
2408			 32 = /dev/ttyCH32	AT/PCI-Fast board 2, port 0
2409			    ...
2410			 47 = /dev/ttyCH47	AT/PCI-Fast board 2, port 15
2411			 48 = /dev/ttyCH48	AT/PCI-Fast board 3, port 0
2412			    ...
2413			 63 = /dev/ttyCH63	AT/PCI-Fast board 3, port 15
2414	
2415	165 char	Chase Research AT/PCI-Fast serial card - alternate devices
2416			  0 = /dev/cuch0	Callout device for ttyCH0
2417			    ...
2418			 63 = /dev/cuch63	Callout device for ttyCH63
2419	
2420	166 char	ACM USB modems
2421			  0 = /dev/ttyACM0	First ACM modem
2422			  1 = /dev/ttyACM1	Second ACM modem
2423			    ...
2424	
2425	167 char	ACM USB modems - alternate devices
2426			  0 = /dev/cuacm0	Callout device for ttyACM0
2427			  1 = /dev/cuacm1	Callout device for ttyACM1
2428			    ...
2429	
2430	168 char	Eracom CSA7000 PCI encryption adaptor
2431			  0 = /dev/ecsa0	First CSA7000
2432			  1 = /dev/ecsa1	Second CSA7000
2433			    ...
2434	
2435	169 char	Eracom CSA8000 PCI encryption adaptor
2436			  0 = /dev/ecsa8-0	First CSA8000
2437			  1 = /dev/ecsa8-1	Second CSA8000
2438			    ...
2439	
2440	170 char	AMI MegaRAC remote access controller
2441			  0 = /dev/megarac0	First MegaRAC card
2442			  1 = /dev/megarac1	Second MegaRAC card
2443			    ...
2444	
2445	171 char	Reserved for IEEE 1394 (Firewire)
2446	
2447	172 char	Moxa Intellio serial card
2448			  0 = /dev/ttyMX0	First Moxa port
2449			  1 = /dev/ttyMX1	Second Moxa port
2450			    ...
2451			127 = /dev/ttyMX127	128th Moxa port
2452			128 = /dev/moxactl	Moxa control port
2453	
2454	173 char	Moxa Intellio serial card - alternate devices
2455			  0 = /dev/cumx0	Callout device for ttyMX0
2456			  1 = /dev/cumx1	Callout device for ttyMX1
2457			    ...
2458			127 = /dev/cumx127	Callout device for ttyMX127
2459	
2460	174 char	SmartIO serial card
2461			  0 = /dev/ttySI0	First SmartIO port
2462			  1 = /dev/ttySI1	Second SmartIO port
2463			    ...
2464	
2465	175 char	SmartIO serial card - alternate devices
2466			  0 = /dev/cusi0	Callout device for ttySI0
2467			  1 = /dev/cusi1	Callout device for ttySI1
2468			    ...
2469	
2470	176 char	nCipher nFast PCI crypto accelerator
2471			  0 = /dev/nfastpci0	First nFast PCI device
2472			  1 = /dev/nfastpci1	First nFast PCI device
2473			    ...
2474	
2475	177 char	TI PCILynx memory spaces
2476			  0 = /dev/pcilynx/aux0	 AUX space of first PCILynx card
2477			    ...
2478			 15 = /dev/pcilynx/aux15 AUX space of 16th PCILynx card
2479			 16 = /dev/pcilynx/rom0	 ROM space of first PCILynx card
2480			    ...
2481			 31 = /dev/pcilynx/rom15 ROM space of 16th PCILynx card
2482			 32 = /dev/pcilynx/ram0	 RAM space of first PCILynx card
2483			    ...
2484			 47 = /dev/pcilynx/ram15 RAM space of 16th PCILynx card
2485	
2486	178 char	Giganet cLAN1xxx virtual interface adapter
2487			  0 = /dev/clanvi0	First cLAN adapter
2488			  1 = /dev/clanvi1	Second cLAN adapter
2489			    ...
2490	
2491	179 block       MMC block devices
2492			  0 = /dev/mmcblk0      First SD/MMC card
2493			  1 = /dev/mmcblk0p1    First partition on first MMC card
2494			  8 = /dev/mmcblk1      Second SD/MMC card
2495			    ...
2496	
2497			The start of next SD/MMC card can be configured with
2498			CONFIG_MMC_BLOCK_MINORS, or overridden at boot/modprobe
2499			time using the mmcblk.perdev_minors option. That would
2500			bump the offset between each card to be the configured
2501			value instead of the default 8.
2502	
2503	179 char	CCube DVXChip-based PCI products
2504			  0 = /dev/dvxirq0	First DVX device
2505			  1 = /dev/dvxirq1	Second DVX device
2506			    ...
2507	
2508	180 char	USB devices
2509			  0 = /dev/usb/lp0	First USB printer
2510			    ...
2511			 15 = /dev/usb/lp15	16th USB printer
2512			 48 = /dev/usb/scanner0	First USB scanner
2513			    ...
2514			 63 = /dev/usb/scanner15 16th USB scanner
2515			 64 = /dev/usb/rio500	Diamond Rio 500
2516			 65 = /dev/usb/usblcd	USBLCD Interface ([email protected])
2517			 66 = /dev/usb/cpad0	Synaptics cPad (mouse/LCD)
2518			 96 = /dev/usb/hiddev0	1st USB HID device
2519			    ...
2520			111 = /dev/usb/hiddev15	16th USB HID device
2521			112 = /dev/usb/auer0	1st auerswald ISDN device
2522			    ...
2523			127 = /dev/usb/auer15	16th auerswald ISDN device
2524			128 = /dev/usb/brlvgr0	First Braille Voyager device
2525			    ...
2526			131 = /dev/usb/brlvgr3	Fourth Braille Voyager device
2527			132 = /dev/usb/idmouse	ID Mouse (fingerprint scanner) device
2528			133 = /dev/usb/sisusbvga1	First SiSUSB VGA device
2529			    ...
2530			140 = /dev/usb/sisusbvga8	Eighth SISUSB VGA device
2531			144 = /dev/usb/lcd	USB LCD device
2532			160 = /dev/usb/legousbtower0	1st USB Legotower device
2533			    ...
2534			175 = /dev/usb/legousbtower15	16th USB Legotower device
2535			176 = /dev/usb/usbtmc1	First USB TMC device
2536			   ...
2537			191 = /dev/usb/usbtmc16	16th USB TMC device
2538			192 = /dev/usb/yurex1	First USB Yurex device
2539			   ...
2540			209 = /dev/usb/yurex16	16th USB Yurex device
2541	
2542	180 block	USB block devices
2543			  0 = /dev/uba		First USB block device
2544			  8 = /dev/ubb		Second USB block device
2545			 16 = /dev/ubc		Third USB block device
2546	 		    ...
2547	
2548	181 char	Conrad Electronic parallel port radio clocks
2549			  0 = /dev/pcfclock0	First Conrad radio clock
2550			  1 = /dev/pcfclock1	Second Conrad radio clock
2551			    ...
2552	
2553	182 char	Picture Elements THR2 binarizer
2554			  0 = /dev/pethr0	First THR2 board
2555			  1 = /dev/pethr1	Second THR2 board
2556			    ...
2557	
2558	183 char	SST 5136-DN DeviceNet interface
2559			  0 = /dev/ss5136dn0	First DeviceNet interface
2560			  1 = /dev/ss5136dn1	Second DeviceNet interface
2561			    ...
2562	
2563			This device used to be assigned to major number 144.
2564			It had to be moved due to an unfortunate conflict.
2565	
2566	184 char	Picture Elements' video simulator/sender
2567			  0 = /dev/pevss0	First sender board
2568			  1 = /dev/pevss1	Second sender board
2569			    ...
2570	
2571	185 char	InterMezzo high availability file system
2572			  0 = /dev/intermezzo0	First cache manager
2573			  1 = /dev/intermezzo1	Second cache manager
2574			    ...
2575	
2576			See http://web.archive.org/web/20080115195241/
2577			http://inter-mezzo.org/index.html
2578	
2579	186 char	Object-based storage control device
2580			  0 = /dev/obd0		First obd control device
2581			  1 = /dev/obd1		Second obd control device
2582			    ...
2583	
2584			See ftp://ftp.lustre.org/pub/obd for code and information.
2585	
2586	187 char	DESkey hardware encryption device
2587			  0 = /dev/deskey0	First DES key
2588			  1 = /dev/deskey1	Second DES key
2589			    ...
2590	
2591	188 char	USB serial converters
2592			  0 = /dev/ttyUSB0	First USB serial converter
2593			  1 = /dev/ttyUSB1	Second USB serial converter
2594			    ...
2595	
2596	189 char	USB serial converters - alternate devices
2597			  0 = /dev/cuusb0	Callout device for ttyUSB0
2598			  1 = /dev/cuusb1	Callout device for ttyUSB1
2599			    ...
2600	
2601	190 char	Kansas City tracker/tuner card
2602			  0 = /dev/kctt0	First KCT/T card
2603			  1 = /dev/kctt1	Second KCT/T card
2604			    ...
2605	
2606	191 char	Reserved for PCMCIA
2607	
2608	192 char	Kernel profiling interface
2609			  0 = /dev/profile	Profiling control device
2610			  1 = /dev/profile0	Profiling device for CPU 0
2611			  2 = /dev/profile1	Profiling device for CPU 1
2612			    ...
2613	
2614	193 char	Kernel event-tracing interface
2615			  0 = /dev/trace	Tracing control device
2616			  1 = /dev/trace0	Tracing device for CPU 0
2617			  2 = /dev/trace1	Tracing device for CPU 1
2618			    ...
2619	
2620	194 char	linVideoStreams (LINVS)
2621			  0 = /dev/mvideo/status0	Video compression status
2622			  1 = /dev/mvideo/stream0	Video stream
2623			  2 = /dev/mvideo/frame0	Single compressed frame
2624			  3 = /dev/mvideo/rawframe0	Raw uncompressed frame
2625			  4 = /dev/mvideo/codec0	Direct codec access
2626			  5 = /dev/mvideo/video4linux0	Video4Linux compatibility
2627	
2628			 16 = /dev/mvideo/status1	Second device
2629			    ...
2630			 32 = /dev/mvideo/status2	Third device
2631			    ...
2632			    ...
2633			240 = /dev/mvideo/status15	16th device
2634			    ...
2635	
2636	195 char	Nvidia graphics devices
2637			  0 = /dev/nvidia0		First Nvidia card
2638			  1 = /dev/nvidia1		Second Nvidia card
2639			    ...
2640			255 = /dev/nvidiactl		Nvidia card control device
2641	
2642	196 char	Tormenta T1 card
2643			  0 = /dev/tor/0		Master control channel for all cards
2644			  1 = /dev/tor/1		First DS0
2645			  2 = /dev/tor/2		Second DS0
2646			    ...
2647			 48 = /dev/tor/48		48th DS0
2648			 49 = /dev/tor/49		First pseudo-channel
2649			 50 = /dev/tor/50		Second pseudo-channel
2650			    ...
2651	
2652	197 char	OpenTNF tracing facility
2653			  0 = /dev/tnf/t0		Trace 0 data extraction
2654			  1 = /dev/tnf/t1		Trace 1 data extraction
2655			    ...
2656			128 = /dev/tnf/status		Tracing facility status
2657			130 = /dev/tnf/trace		Tracing device
2658	
2659	198 char	Total Impact TPMP2 quad coprocessor PCI card
2660			  0 = /dev/tpmp2/0		First card
2661			  1 = /dev/tpmp2/1		Second card
2662			    ...
2663	
2664	199 char	Veritas volume manager (VxVM) volumes
2665			  0 = /dev/vx/rdsk/*/*		First volume
2666			  1 = /dev/vx/rdsk/*/*		Second volume
2667			    ...
2668	
2669	199 block	Veritas volume manager (VxVM) volumes
2670			  0 = /dev/vx/dsk/*/*		First volume
2671			  1 = /dev/vx/dsk/*/*		Second volume
2672			    ...
2673	
2674			The namespace in these directories is maintained by
2675			the user space VxVM software.
2676	
2677	200 char	Veritas VxVM configuration interface
2678	                  0 = /dev/vx/config		Configuration access node
2679	                  1 = /dev/vx/trace		Volume i/o trace access node
2680	                  2 = /dev/vx/iod		Volume i/o daemon access node
2681	                  3 = /dev/vx/info		Volume information access node
2682	                  4 = /dev/vx/task		Volume tasks access node
2683	                  5 = /dev/vx/taskmon		Volume tasks monitor daemon
2684	
2685	201 char	Veritas VxVM dynamic multipathing driver
2686			  0 = /dev/vx/rdmp/*		First multipath device
2687			  1 = /dev/vx/rdmp/*		Second multipath device
2688			    ...
2689	201 block	Veritas VxVM dynamic multipathing driver
2690			  0 = /dev/vx/dmp/*		First multipath device
2691			  1 = /dev/vx/dmp/*		Second multipath device
2692			    ...
2693	
2694			The namespace in these directories is maintained by
2695			the user space VxVM software.
2696	
2697	202 char	CPU model-specific registers
2698			  0 = /dev/cpu/0/msr		MSRs on CPU 0
2699			  1 = /dev/cpu/1/msr		MSRs on CPU 1
2700			    ...
2701	
2702	202 block	Xen Virtual Block Device
2703			  0 = /dev/xvda       First Xen VBD whole disk
2704			  16 = /dev/xvdb      Second Xen VBD whole disk
2705			  32 = /dev/xvdc      Third Xen VBD whole disk
2706			    ...
2707			  240 = /dev/xvdp     Sixteenth Xen VBD whole disk
2708	
2709	                Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
2710	                disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
2711	                partitions is 15.
2712	
2713	203 char	CPU CPUID information
2714			  0 = /dev/cpu/0/cpuid		CPUID on CPU 0
2715			  1 = /dev/cpu/1/cpuid		CPUID on CPU 1
2716			    ...
2717	
2718	204 char	Low-density serial ports
2719			  0 = /dev/ttyLU0		LinkUp Systems L72xx UART - port 0
2720			  1 = /dev/ttyLU1		LinkUp Systems L72xx UART - port 1
2721			  2 = /dev/ttyLU2		LinkUp Systems L72xx UART - port 2
2722			  3 = /dev/ttyLU3		LinkUp Systems L72xx UART - port 3
2723			  4 = /dev/ttyFB0		Intel Footbridge (ARM)
2724			  5 = /dev/ttySA0		StrongARM builtin serial port 0
2725			  6 = /dev/ttySA1		StrongARM builtin serial port 1
2726			  7 = /dev/ttySA2		StrongARM builtin serial port 2
2727			  8 = /dev/ttySC0		SCI serial port (SuperH) - port 0
2728			  9 = /dev/ttySC1		SCI serial port (SuperH) - port 1
2729			 10 = /dev/ttySC2		SCI serial port (SuperH) - port 2
2730			 11 = /dev/ttySC3		SCI serial port (SuperH) - port 3
2731			 12 = /dev/ttyFW0		Firmware console - port 0
2732			 13 = /dev/ttyFW1		Firmware console - port 1
2733			 14 = /dev/ttyFW2		Firmware console - port 2
2734			 15 = /dev/ttyFW3		Firmware console - port 3
2735			 16 = /dev/ttyAM0		ARM "AMBA" serial port 0
2736			    ...
2737			 31 = /dev/ttyAM15		ARM "AMBA" serial port 15
2738			 32 = /dev/ttyDB0		DataBooster serial port 0
2739			    ...
2740			 39 = /dev/ttyDB7		DataBooster serial port 7
2741			 40 = /dev/ttySG0		SGI Altix console port
2742			 41 = /dev/ttySMX0		Motorola i.MX - port 0
2743			 42 = /dev/ttySMX1		Motorola i.MX - port 1
2744			 43 = /dev/ttySMX2		Motorola i.MX - port 2
2745			 44 = /dev/ttyMM0		Marvell MPSC - port 0
2746			 45 = /dev/ttyMM1		Marvell MPSC - port 1
2747			 46 = /dev/ttyCPM0		PPC CPM (SCC or SMC) - port 0
2748			    ...
2749			 47 = /dev/ttyCPM5		PPC CPM (SCC or SMC) - port 5
2750			 50 = /dev/ttyIOC0		Altix serial card
2751			    ...
2752			 81 = /dev/ttyIOC31		Altix serial card
2753			 82 = /dev/ttyVR0		NEC VR4100 series SIU
2754			 83 = /dev/ttyVR1		NEC VR4100 series DSIU
2755			 84 = /dev/ttyIOC84		Altix ioc4 serial card
2756			    ...
2757			 115 = /dev/ttyIOC115		Altix ioc4 serial card
2758			 116 = /dev/ttySIOC0		Altix ioc3 serial card
2759			    ...
2760			 147 = /dev/ttySIOC31		Altix ioc3 serial card
2761			 148 = /dev/ttyPSC0		PPC PSC - port 0
2762			    ...
2763			 153 = /dev/ttyPSC5		PPC PSC - port 5
2764			 154 = /dev/ttyAT0		ATMEL serial port 0
2765			    ...
2766			 169 = /dev/ttyAT15		ATMEL serial port 15
2767			 170 = /dev/ttyNX0		Hilscher netX serial port 0
2768			    ...
2769			 185 = /dev/ttyNX15		Hilscher netX serial port 15
2770			 186 = /dev/ttyJ0		JTAG1 DCC protocol based serial port emulation
2771			 187 = /dev/ttyUL0		Xilinx uartlite - port 0
2772			    ...
2773			 190 = /dev/ttyUL3		Xilinx uartlite - port 3
2774			 191 = /dev/xvc0		Xen virtual console - port 0
2775			 192 = /dev/ttyPZ0		pmac_zilog - port 0
2776			    ...
2777			 195 = /dev/ttyPZ3		pmac_zilog - port 3
2778			 196 = /dev/ttyTX0		TX39/49 serial port 0
2779			    ...
2780			 204 = /dev/ttyTX7		TX39/49 serial port 7
2781			 205 = /dev/ttySC0		SC26xx serial port 0
2782			 206 = /dev/ttySC1		SC26xx serial port 1
2783			 207 = /dev/ttySC2		SC26xx serial port 2
2784			 208 = /dev/ttySC3		SC26xx serial port 3
2785			 209 = /dev/ttyMAX0		MAX3100 serial port 0
2786			 210 = /dev/ttyMAX1		MAX3100 serial port 1
2787			 211 = /dev/ttyMAX2		MAX3100 serial port 2
2788			 212 = /dev/ttyMAX3		MAX3100 serial port 3
2789	
2790	205 char	Low-density serial ports (alternate device)
2791			  0 = /dev/culu0		Callout device for ttyLU0
2792			  1 = /dev/culu1		Callout device for ttyLU1
2793			  2 = /dev/culu2		Callout device for ttyLU2
2794			  3 = /dev/culu3		Callout device for ttyLU3
2795			  4 = /dev/cufb0		Callout device for ttyFB0
2796			  5 = /dev/cusa0		Callout device for ttySA0
2797			  6 = /dev/cusa1		Callout device for ttySA1
2798			  7 = /dev/cusa2		Callout device for ttySA2
2799			  8 = /dev/cusc0		Callout device for ttySC0
2800			  9 = /dev/cusc1		Callout device for ttySC1
2801			 10 = /dev/cusc2		Callout device for ttySC2
2802			 11 = /dev/cusc3		Callout device for ttySC3
2803			 12 = /dev/cufw0		Callout device for ttyFW0
2804			 13 = /dev/cufw1		Callout device for ttyFW1
2805			 14 = /dev/cufw2		Callout device for ttyFW2
2806			 15 = /dev/cufw3		Callout device for ttyFW3
2807			 16 = /dev/cuam0		Callout device for ttyAM0
2808			    ...
2809			 31 = /dev/cuam15		Callout device for ttyAM15
2810			 32 = /dev/cudb0		Callout device for ttyDB0
2811			    ...
2812			 39 = /dev/cudb7		Callout device for ttyDB7
2813			 40 = /dev/cusg0		Callout device for ttySG0
2814			 41 = /dev/ttycusmx0		Callout device for ttySMX0
2815			 42 = /dev/ttycusmx1		Callout device for ttySMX1
2816			 43 = /dev/ttycusmx2		Callout device for ttySMX2
2817			 46 = /dev/cucpm0		Callout device for ttyCPM0
2818			    ...
2819			 49 = /dev/cucpm5		Callout device for ttyCPM5
2820			 50 = /dev/cuioc40		Callout device for ttyIOC40
2821			    ...
2822			 81 = /dev/cuioc431		Callout device for ttyIOC431
2823			 82 = /dev/cuvr0		Callout device for ttyVR0
2824			 83 = /dev/cuvr1		Callout device for ttyVR1
2825	
2826	206 char	OnStream SC-x0 tape devices
2827			  0 = /dev/osst0		First OnStream SCSI tape, mode 0
2828			  1 = /dev/osst1		Second OnStream SCSI tape, mode 0
2829			    ...
2830			 32 = /dev/osst0l		First OnStream SCSI tape, mode 1
2831			 33 = /dev/osst1l		Second OnStream SCSI tape, mode 1
2832			    ...
2833			 64 = /dev/osst0m		First OnStream SCSI tape, mode 2
2834			 65 = /dev/osst1m		Second OnStream SCSI tape, mode 2
2835			    ...
2836			 96 = /dev/osst0a		First OnStream SCSI tape, mode 3
2837			 97 = /dev/osst1a		Second OnStream SCSI tape, mode 3
2838			    ...
2839			128 = /dev/nosst0		No rewind version of /dev/osst0
2840			129 = /dev/nosst1		No rewind version of /dev/osst1
2841			    ...
2842			160 = /dev/nosst0l		No rewind version of /dev/osst0l
2843			161 = /dev/nosst1l		No rewind version of /dev/osst1l
2844			    ...
2845			192 = /dev/nosst0m		No rewind version of /dev/osst0m
2846			193 = /dev/nosst1m		No rewind version of /dev/osst1m
2847			    ...
2848			224 = /dev/nosst0a		No rewind version of /dev/osst0a
2849			225 = /dev/nosst1a		No rewind version of /dev/osst1a
2850			    ...
2851	
2852			The OnStream SC-x0 SCSI tapes do not support the
2853			standard SCSI SASD command set and therefore need
2854			their own driver "osst". Note that the IDE, USB (and
2855			maybe ParPort) versions may be driven via ide-scsi or
2856			usb-storage SCSI emulation and this osst device and
2857			driver as well.  The ADR-x0 drives are QIC-157
2858			compliant and don't need osst.
2859	
2860	207 char	Compaq ProLiant health feature indicate
2861			  0 = /dev/cpqhealth/cpqw	Redirector interface
2862			  1 = /dev/cpqhealth/crom	EISA CROM
2863			  2 = /dev/cpqhealth/cdt	Data Table
2864			  3 = /dev/cpqhealth/cevt	Event Log
2865			  4 = /dev/cpqhealth/casr	Automatic Server Recovery
2866			  5 = /dev/cpqhealth/cecc	ECC Memory
2867			  6 = /dev/cpqhealth/cmca	Machine Check Architecture
2868			  7 = /dev/cpqhealth/ccsm	Deprecated CDT
2869			  8 = /dev/cpqhealth/cnmi	NMI Handling
2870			  9 = /dev/cpqhealth/css	Sideshow Management
2871			 10 = /dev/cpqhealth/cram	CMOS interface
2872			 11 = /dev/cpqhealth/cpci	PCI IRQ interface
2873	
2874	208 char	User space serial ports
2875			  0 = /dev/ttyU0		First user space serial port
2876			  1 = /dev/ttyU1		Second user space serial port
2877			    ...
2878	
2879	209 char	User space serial ports (alternate devices)
2880			  0 = /dev/cuu0			Callout device for ttyU0
2881			  1 = /dev/cuu1			Callout device for ttyU1
2882			    ...
2883	
2884	210 char	SBE, Inc. sync/async serial card
2885			  0 = /dev/sbei/wxcfg0		Configuration device for board 0
2886			  1 = /dev/sbei/dld0		Download device for board 0
2887			  2 = /dev/sbei/wan00		WAN device, port 0, board 0
2888			  3 = /dev/sbei/wan01		WAN device, port 1, board 0
2889			  4 = /dev/sbei/wan02		WAN device, port 2, board 0
2890			  5 = /dev/sbei/wan03		WAN device, port 3, board 0
2891			  6 = /dev/sbei/wanc00		WAN clone device, port 0, board 0
2892			  7 = /dev/sbei/wanc01		WAN clone device, port 1, board 0
2893			  8 = /dev/sbei/wanc02		WAN clone device, port 2, board 0
2894			  9 = /dev/sbei/wanc03		WAN clone device, port 3, board 0
2895			 10 = /dev/sbei/wxcfg1		Configuration device for board 1
2896			 11 = /dev/sbei/dld1		Download device for board 1
2897			 12 = /dev/sbei/wan10		WAN device, port 0, board 1
2898			 13 = /dev/sbei/wan11		WAN device, port 1, board 1
2899			 14 = /dev/sbei/wan12		WAN device, port 2, board 1
2900			 15 = /dev/sbei/wan13		WAN device, port 3, board 1
2901			 16 = /dev/sbei/wanc10		WAN clone device, port 0, board 1
2902			 17 = /dev/sbei/wanc11		WAN clone device, port 1, board 1
2903			 18 = /dev/sbei/wanc12		WAN clone device, port 2, board 1
2904			 19 = /dev/sbei/wanc13		WAN clone device, port 3, board 1
2905			    ...
2906	
2907			Yes, each board is really spaced 10 (decimal) apart.
2908	
2909	211 char	Addinum CPCI1500 digital I/O card
2910			  0 = /dev/addinum/cpci1500/0	First CPCI1500 card
2911			  1 = /dev/addinum/cpci1500/1	Second CPCI1500 card
2912			    ...
2913	
2914	212 char	LinuxTV.org DVB driver subsystem
2915			  0 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/video0    first video decoder of first card
2916			  1 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/audio0    first audio decoder of first card
2917			  2 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/sec0      (obsolete/unused)
2918			  3 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/frontend0 first frontend device of first card
2919			  4 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/demux0    first demux device of first card
2920			  5 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/dvr0      first digital video recoder device of first card
2921			  6 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/ca0       first common access port of first card
2922			  7 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/net0      first network device of first card
2923			  8 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/osd0      first on-screen-display device of first card
2924			  9 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/video1    second video decoder of first card
2925			    ...
2926			 64 = /dev/dvb/adapter1/video0    first video decoder of second card
2927			    ...
2928			128 = /dev/dvb/adapter2/video0    first video decoder of third card
2929			    ...
2930			196 = /dev/dvb/adapter3/video0    first video decoder of fourth card
2931	
2932	216 char	Bluetooth RFCOMM TTY devices
2933			  0 = /dev/rfcomm0		First Bluetooth RFCOMM TTY device
2934			  1 = /dev/rfcomm1		Second Bluetooth RFCOMM TTY device
2935			    ...
2936	
2937	217 char	Bluetooth RFCOMM TTY devices (alternate devices)
2938			  0 = /dev/curf0		Callout device for rfcomm0
2939			  1 = /dev/curf1		Callout device for rfcomm1
2940			    ...
2941	
2942	218 char	The Logical Company bus Unibus/Qbus adapters
2943			  0 = /dev/logicalco/bci/0	First bus adapter
2944			  1 = /dev/logicalco/bci/1	First bus adapter
2945			    ...
2946	
2947	219 char	The Logical Company DCI-1300 digital I/O card
2948			  0 = /dev/logicalco/dci1300/0	First DCI-1300 card
2949			  1 = /dev/logicalco/dci1300/1	Second DCI-1300 card
2950			    ...
2951	
2952	220 char	Myricom Myrinet "GM" board
2953			  0 = /dev/myricom/gm0		First Myrinet GM board
2954			  1 = /dev/myricom/gmp0		First board "root access"
2955			  2 = /dev/myricom/gm1		Second Myrinet GM board
2956			  3 = /dev/myricom/gmp1		Second board "root access"
2957			    ...
2958	
2959	221 char	VME bus
2960			  0 = /dev/bus/vme/m0		First master image
2961			  1 = /dev/bus/vme/m1		Second master image
2962			  2 = /dev/bus/vme/m2		Third master image
2963			  3 = /dev/bus/vme/m3		Fourth master image
2964			  4 = /dev/bus/vme/s0		First slave image
2965			  5 = /dev/bus/vme/s1		Second slave image
2966			  6 = /dev/bus/vme/s2		Third slave image
2967			  7 = /dev/bus/vme/s3		Fourth slave image
2968			  8 = /dev/bus/vme/ctl		Control
2969	
2970			It is expected that all VME bus drivers will use the
2971			same interface.  For interface documentation see
2972			http://www.vmelinux.org/.
2973	
2974	224 char	A2232 serial card
2975			  0 = /dev/ttyY0		First A2232 port
2976			  1 = /dev/ttyY1		Second A2232 port
2977			    ...
2978	
2979	225 char	A2232 serial card (alternate devices)
2980			  0 = /dev/cuy0			Callout device for ttyY0
2981			  1 = /dev/cuy1			Callout device for ttyY1
2982			    ...
2983	
2984	226 char	Direct Rendering Infrastructure (DRI)
2985			  0 = /dev/dri/card0		First graphics card
2986			  1 = /dev/dri/card1		Second graphics card
2987			    ...
2988	
2989	227 char	IBM 3270 terminal Unix tty access
2990			  1 = /dev/3270/tty1		First 3270 terminal
2991			  2 = /dev/3270/tty2		Seconds 3270 terminal
2992			    ...
2993	
2994	228 char	IBM 3270 terminal block-mode access
2995			  0 = /dev/3270/tub		Controlling interface
2996			  1 = /dev/3270/tub1		First 3270 terminal
2997			  2 = /dev/3270/tub2		Second 3270 terminal
2998			    ...
2999	
3000	229 char	IBM iSeries/pSeries virtual console
3001			  0 = /dev/hvc0			First console port
3002			  1 = /dev/hvc1			Second console port
3003			    ...
3004	
3005	230 char	IBM iSeries virtual tape
3006			  0 = /dev/iseries/vt0		First virtual tape, mode 0
3007			  1 = /dev/iseries/vt1		Second virtual tape, mode 0
3008			    ...
3009			 32 = /dev/iseries/vt0l		First virtual tape, mode 1
3010			 33 = /dev/iseries/vt1l		Second virtual tape, mode 1
3011			    ...
3012			 64 = /dev/iseries/vt0m		First virtual tape, mode 2
3013			 65 = /dev/iseries/vt1m		Second virtual tape, mode 2
3014			    ...
3015			 96 = /dev/iseries/vt0a		First virtual tape, mode 3
3016			 97 = /dev/iseries/vt1a		Second virtual tape, mode 3
3017			      ...
3018			128 = /dev/iseries/nvt0		First virtual tape, mode 0, no rewind
3019			129 = /dev/iseries/nvt1		Second virtual tape, mode 0, no rewind
3020			    ...
3021			160 = /dev/iseries/nvt0l	First virtual tape, mode 1, no rewind
3022			161 = /dev/iseries/nvt1l	Second virtual tape, mode 1, no rewind
3023			    ...
3024			192 = /dev/iseries/nvt0m	First virtual tape, mode 2, no rewind
3025			193 = /dev/iseries/nvt1m	Second virtual tape, mode 2, no rewind
3026			    ...
3027			224 = /dev/iseries/nvt0a	First virtual tape, mode 3, no rewind
3028			225 = /dev/iseries/nvt1a	Second virtual tape, mode 3, no rewind
3029			    ...
3030	
3031			"No rewind" refers to the omission of the default
3032			automatic rewind on device close.  The MTREW or MTOFFL
3033			ioctl()'s can be used to rewind the tape regardless of
3034			the device used to access it.
3035	
3036	231 char	InfiniBand
3037			0 = /dev/infiniband/umad0
3038			1 = /dev/infiniband/umad1
3039			  ...
3040			63 = /dev/infiniband/umad63    63rd InfiniBandMad device
3041			64 = /dev/infiniband/issm0     First InfiniBand IsSM device
3042			65 = /dev/infiniband/issm1     Second InfiniBand IsSM device
3043			  ...
3044			127 = /dev/infiniband/issm63    63rd InfiniBand IsSM device
3045			128 = /dev/infiniband/uverbs0   First InfiniBand verbs device
3046			129 = /dev/infiniband/uverbs1   Second InfiniBand verbs device
3047			  ...
3048			159 = /dev/infiniband/uverbs31  31st InfiniBand verbs device
3049	
3050	232 char	Biometric Devices
3051			0 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/fingerprint	first fingerprint sensor on first device
3052			1 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/iris		first iris sensor on first device
3053			2 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/retina	first retina sensor on first device
3054			3 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/voiceprint	first voiceprint sensor on first device
3055			4 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/facial	first facial sensor on first device
3056			5 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/hand		first hand sensor on first device
3057			  ...
3058			10 = /dev/biometric/sensor1/fingerprint	first fingerprint sensor on second device
3059			  ...
3060			20 = /dev/biometric/sensor2/fingerprint	first fingerprint sensor on third device
3061			  ...
3062	
3063	233 char	PathScale InfiniPath interconnect
3064			0 = /dev/ipath        Primary device for programs (any unit)
3065			1 = /dev/ipath0       Access specifically to unit 0
3066			2 = /dev/ipath1       Access specifically to unit 1
3067			  ...
3068			4 = /dev/ipath3       Access specifically to unit 3
3069			129 = /dev/ipath_sma    Device used by Subnet Management Agent
3070			130 = /dev/ipath_diag   Device used by diagnostics programs
3071	
3072	234-254	char	RESERVED FOR DYNAMIC ASSIGNMENT
3073			Character devices that request a dynamic allocation of major number will
3074			take numbers starting from 254 and downward.
3075	
3076	240-254 block	LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE
3077			Allocated for local/experimental use.  For devices not
3078			assigned official numbers, these ranges should be
3079			used in order to avoid conflicting with future assignments.
3080	
3081	255 char	RESERVED
3082	
3083	255 block	RESERVED
3084	
3085			This major is reserved to assist the expansion to a
3086			larger number space.  No device nodes with this major
3087			should ever be created on the filesystem.
3088			(This is probably not true anymore, but I'll leave it
3089			for now /Torben)
3090	
3091	---LARGE MAJORS!!!!!---
3092	
3093	256 char	Equinox SST multi-port serial boards
3094			   0 = /dev/ttyEQ0	First serial port on first Equinox SST board
3095			 127 = /dev/ttyEQ127	Last serial port on first Equinox SST board
3096			 128 = /dev/ttyEQ128	First serial port on second Equinox SST board
3097			  ...
3098			1027 = /dev/ttyEQ1027	Last serial port on eighth Equinox SST board
3099	
3100	256 block	Resident Flash Disk Flash Translation Layer
3101			  0 = /dev/rfda		First RFD FTL layer
3102			 16 = /dev/rfdb		Second RFD FTL layer
3103			  ...
3104			240 = /dev/rfdp		16th RFD FTL layer
3105	
3106	257 char	Phoenix Technologies Cryptographic Services Driver
3107			  0 = /dev/ptlsec	Crypto Services Driver
3108	
3109	257 block	SSFDC Flash Translation Layer filesystem
3110			  0 = /dev/ssfdca	First SSFDC layer
3111			  8 = /dev/ssfdcb	Second SSFDC layer
3112			 16 = /dev/ssfdcc	Third SSFDC layer
3113			 24 = /dev/ssfdcd	4th SSFDC layer
3114			 32 = /dev/ssfdce	5th SSFDC layer
3115			 40 = /dev/ssfdcf	6th SSFDC layer
3116			 48 = /dev/ssfdcg	7th SSFDC layer
3117			 56 = /dev/ssfdch	8th SSFDC layer
3118	
3119	258 block	ROM/Flash read-only translation layer
3120			  0 = /dev/blockrom0	First ROM card's translation layer interface
3121			  1 = /dev/blockrom1	Second ROM card's translation layer interface
3122			  ...
3123	
3124	259 block	Block Extended Major
3125			  Used dynamically to hold additional partition minor
3126			  numbers and allow large numbers of partitions per device
3127	
3128	259 char	FPGA configuration interfaces
3129			  0 = /dev/icap0	First Xilinx internal configuration
3130			  1 = /dev/icap1	Second Xilinx internal configuration
3131	
3132	260 char	OSD (Object-based-device) SCSI Device
3133			  0 = /dev/osd0		First OSD Device
3134			  1 = /dev/osd1		Second OSD Device
3135			  ...
3136			  255 = /dev/osd255	256th OSD Device
3137	
3138	 ****	ADDITIONAL /dev DIRECTORY ENTRIES
3139	
3140	This section details additional entries that should or may exist in
3141	the /dev directory.  It is preferred that symbolic links use the same
3142	form (absolute or relative) as is indicated here.  Links are
3143	classified as "hard" or "symbolic" depending on the preferred type of
3144	link; if possible, the indicated type of link should be used.
3145	
3146	
3147		Compulsory links
3148	
3149	These links should exist on all systems:
3150	
3151	/dev/fd		/proc/self/fd	symbolic	File descriptors
3152	/dev/stdin	fd/0		symbolic	stdin file descriptor
3153	/dev/stdout	fd/1		symbolic	stdout file descriptor
3154	/dev/stderr	fd/2		symbolic	stderr file descriptor
3155	/dev/nfsd	socksys		symbolic	Required by iBCS-2
3156	/dev/X0R	null		symbolic	Required by iBCS-2
3157	
3158	Note: /dev/X0R is --.
3159	
3160		Recommended links
3161	
3162	It is recommended that these links exist on all systems:
3163	
3164	/dev/core	/proc/kcore	symbolic	Backward compatibility
3165	/dev/ramdisk	ram0		symbolic	Backward compatibility
3166	/dev/ftape	qft0		symbolic	Backward compatibility
3167	/dev/bttv0	video0		symbolic	Backward compatibility
3168	/dev/radio	radio0		symbolic	Backward compatibility
3169	/dev/i2o*	/dev/i2o/*	symbolic	Backward compatibility
3170	/dev/scd?	sr?		hard		Alternate SCSI CD-ROM name
3171	
3172		Locally defined links
3173	
3174	The following links may be established locally to conform to the
3175	configuration of the system.  This is merely a tabulation of existing
3176	practice, and does not constitute a recommendation.  However, if they
3177	exist, they should have the following uses.
3178	
3179	/dev/mouse	mouse port	symbolic	Current mouse device
3180	/dev/tape	tape device	symbolic	Current tape device
3181	/dev/cdrom	CD-ROM device	symbolic	Current CD-ROM device
3182	/dev/cdwriter	CD-writer	symbolic	Current CD-writer device
3183	/dev/scanner	scanner		symbolic	Current scanner device
3184	/dev/modem	modem port	symbolic	Current dialout device
3185	/dev/root	root device	symbolic	Current root filesystem
3186	/dev/swap	swap device	symbolic	Current swap device
3187	
3188	/dev/modem should not be used for a modem which supports dialin as
3189	well as dialout, as it tends to cause lock file problems.  If it
3190	exists, /dev/modem should point to the appropriate primary TTY device
3191	(the use of the alternate callout devices is deprecated).
3192	
3193	For SCSI devices, /dev/tape and /dev/cdrom should point to the
3194	``cooked'' devices (/dev/st* and /dev/sr*, respectively), whereas
3195	/dev/cdwriter and /dev/scanner should point to the appropriate generic
3196	SCSI devices (/dev/sg*).
3197	
3198	/dev/mouse may point to a primary serial TTY device, a hardware mouse
3199	device, or a socket for a mouse driver program (e.g. /dev/gpmdata).
3200	
3201		Sockets and pipes
3202	
3203	Non-transient sockets and named pipes may exist in /dev.  Common entries are:
3204	
3205	/dev/printer	socket		lpd local socket
3206	/dev/log	socket		syslog local socket
3207	/dev/gpmdata	socket		gpm mouse multiplexer
3208	
3209		Mount points
3210	
3211	The following names are reserved for mounting special filesystems
3212	under /dev.  These special filesystems provide kernel interfaces that
3213	cannot be provided with standard device nodes.
3214	
3215	/dev/pts	devpts		PTY slave filesystem
3216	/dev/shm	tmpfs		POSIX shared memory maintenance access
3217	
3218	 ****	TERMINAL DEVICES
3219	
3220	Terminal, or TTY devices are a special class of character devices.  A
3221	terminal device is any device that could act as a controlling terminal
3222	for a session; this includes virtual consoles, serial ports, and
3223	pseudoterminals (PTYs).
3224	
3225	All terminal devices share a common set of capabilities known as line
3226	disciplines; these include the common terminal line discipline as well
3227	as SLIP and PPP modes.
3228	
3229	All terminal devices are named similarly; this section explains the
3230	naming and use of the various types of TTYs.  Note that the naming
3231	conventions include several historical warts; some of these are
3232	Linux-specific, some were inherited from other systems, and some
3233	reflect Linux outgrowing a borrowed convention.
3234	
3235	A hash mark (#) in a device name is used here to indicate a decimal
3236	number without leading zeroes.
3237	
3238		Virtual consoles and the console device
3239	
3240	Virtual consoles are full-screen terminal displays on the system video
3241	monitor.  Virtual consoles are named /dev/tty#, with numbering
3242	starting at /dev/tty1; /dev/tty0 is the current virtual console.
3243	/dev/tty0 is the device that should be used to access the system video
3244	card on those architectures for which the frame buffer devices
3245	(/dev/fb*) are not applicable.	Do not use /dev/console
3246	for this purpose.
3247	
3248	The console device, /dev/console, is the device to which system
3249	messages should be sent, and on which logins should be permitted in
3250	single-user mode.  Starting with Linux 2.1.71, /dev/console is managed
3251	by the kernel; for previous versions it should be a symbolic link to
3252	either /dev/tty0, a specific virtual console such as /dev/tty1, or to
3253	a serial port primary (tty*, not cu*) device, depending on the
3254	configuration of the system.
3255	
3256		Serial ports
3257	
3258	Serial ports are RS-232 serial ports and any device which simulates
3259	one, either in hardware (such as internal modems) or in software (such
3260	as the ISDN driver.)  Under Linux, each serial ports has two device
3261	names, the primary or callin device and the alternate or callout one.
3262	Each kind of device is indicated by a different letter.	 For any
3263	letter X, the names of the devices are /dev/ttyX# and /dev/cux#,
3264	respectively; for historical reasons, /dev/ttyS# and /dev/ttyC#
3265	correspond to /dev/cua# and /dev/cub#.	In the future, it should be
3266	expected that multiple letters will be used; all letters will be upper
3267	case for the "tty" device (e.g. /dev/ttyDP#) and lower case for the
3268	"cu" device (e.g. /dev/cudp#).
3269	
3270	The names /dev/ttyQ# and /dev/cuq# are reserved for local use.
3271	
3272	The alternate devices provide for kernel-based exclusion and somewhat
3273	different defaults than the primary devices.  Their main purpose is to
3274	allow the use of serial ports with programs with no inherent or broken
3275	support for serial ports.  Their use is deprecated, and they may be
3276	removed from a future version of Linux.
3277	
3278	Arbitration of serial ports is provided by the use of lock files with
3279	the names /var/lock/LCK..ttyX#.	 The contents of the lock file should
3280	be the PID of the locking process as an ASCII number.
3281	
3282	It is common practice to install links such as /dev/modem
3283	which point to serial ports.  In order to ensure proper locking in the
3284	presence of these links, it is recommended that software chase
3285	symlinks and lock all possible names; additionally, it is recommended
3286	that a lock file be installed with the corresponding alternate
3287	device.	 In order to avoid deadlocks, it is recommended that the locks
3288	are acquired in the following order, and released in the reverse:
3289	
3290		1. The symbolic link name, if any (/var/lock/LCK..modem)
3291		2. The "tty" name (/var/lock/LCK..ttyS2)
3292		3. The alternate device name (/var/lock/LCK..cua2)
3293	
3294	In the case of nested symbolic links, the lock files should be
3295	installed in the order the symlinks are resolved.
3296	
3297	Under no circumstances should an application hold a lock while waiting
3298	for another to be released.  In addition, applications which attempt
3299	to create lock files for the corresponding alternate device names
3300	should take into account the possibility of being used on a non-serial
3301	port TTY, for which no alternate device would exist.
3302	
3303		Pseudoterminals (PTYs)
3304	
3305	Pseudoterminals, or PTYs, are used to create login sessions or provide
3306	other capabilities requiring a TTY line discipline (including SLIP or
3307	PPP capability) to arbitrary data-generation processes.	 Each PTY has
3308	a master side, named /dev/pty[p-za-e][0-9a-f], and a slave side, named
3309	/dev/tty[p-za-e][0-9a-f].  The kernel arbitrates the use of PTYs by
3310	allowing each master side to be opened only once.
3311	
3312	Once the master side has been opened, the corresponding slave device
3313	can be used in the same manner as any TTY device.  The master and
3314	slave devices are connected by the kernel, generating the equivalent
3315	of a bidirectional pipe with TTY capabilities.
3316	
3317	Recent versions of the Linux kernels and GNU libc contain support for
3318	the System V/Unix98 naming scheme for PTYs, which assigns a common
3319	device, /dev/ptmx, to all the masters (opening it will automatically
3320	give you a previously unassigned PTY) and a subdirectory, /dev/pts,
3321	for the slaves; the slaves are named with decimal integers (/dev/pts/#
3322	in our notation).  This removes the problem of exhausting the
3323	namespace and enables the kernel to automatically create the device
3324	nodes for the slaves on demand using the "devpts" filesystem.

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