Android View事件分发机制

Activity中的视图以View树的形式来呈现。当触控手机屏幕时,事件从Activity、Window、根View依次进行传递,然后根View又依次往下传递给子View。如果某个子View对事件进行了消耗,那么事件将不在继续向下传递。

一:事件分发中几个重要的方法
  1. public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev)
    事件传递给ViewGroup时,该方法将被执行,对进行事件的分发,返回结果表示是否消耗该事件。

  2. public boolean onInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev)
    该方法在dispatchTouchEvent内部调用,用来判断ViewGroup是否应该对事件进行拦截,如果进行拦截,那么事件将无法传递给ViewGroup中的子View。返回结果表示是否拦截该事件。

  3. public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev)
    在dispatchTouchEvent方法中调用,用来处理子View都没有对事件进行处理,或者拦截了事件,那么ViewGroup将自己进行处理。返回true表示消耗了该事件。

二:几个读代码时需要理解的点
  1. 手指按下、移动、起来 称为一次事件序列
  2. 触摸事件只能被一个View进行处理或者说消耗
  3. 当按下的事件没有被ViewGroup中的任何一个子View所处理,那么同一事件序列中的其他MOVE、UP事件都不会在传递给子View进行判断是否要处理事件,直接交给自己来处理

上面这些点都能在下面的代码中得到答案

三:ViewGroup的事件分发流程

下面是ViewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent()方法,该方法即是ViewGroup的事件分发过程,在里面添加了重要的注释。先看个大概,下面我将一一分析。

 @Override
    public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
        ...

        boolean handled = false;
        //过滤掉View被Window窗口遮挡的触摸事件
        if (onFilterTouchEventForSecurity(ev)) { //  ------ 步骤1 ------
            final int action = ev.getAction();
            final int actionMasked = action & MotionEvent.ACTION_MASK;

            // 处理Action_Down的事件, ------ 步骤2 ------
            if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
                // Throw away all previous state when starting a new touch gesture.
                // The framework may have dropped the up or cancel event for the previous gesture
                // due to an app switch, ANR, or some other state change.
                //清除touchTarget,重置触摸相当的标志位
                cancelAndClearTouchTargets(ev);
                resetTouchState();
            }

            // Check for interception ------ 步骤3  ------
            final boolean intercepted;
            if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN
                    || mFirstTouchTarget != null) {
                //------ 步骤4 ------
                final boolean disallowIntercept = (mGroupFlags & FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT) != 0;
                if (!disallowIntercept) {
                    intercepted = onInterceptTouchEvent(ev);
                    ev.setAction(action); // restore action in case it was changed
                } else {
                    intercepted = false;
                }
            } else {
                // There are no touch targets and this action is not an initial down
                // so this view group continues to intercept touches.
                intercepted = true;
            }

            // If intercepted, start normal event dispatch. Also if there is already
            // a view that is handling the gesture, do normal event dispatch.
            if (intercepted || mFirstTouchTarget != null) {
                ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
            }

            // Check for cancelation.
            final boolean canceled = resetCancelNextUpFlag(this)
                    || actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL;

            // Update list of touch targets for pointer down, if needed.
            final boolean split = (mGroupFlags & FLAG_SPLIT_MOTION_EVENTS) != 0;
            TouchTarget newTouchTarget = null;
            boolean alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget = false;
            if (!canceled && !intercepted) { //------ 步骤5 ------

                ...
                //这里要注意只有down 事件,还有其他俩个条件才能进入,并对ViewGroup的子View进行
                //遍历。假设down事件来时,被某一子View处理了,那么接下来的该事件序列的Move、UP
                //都不在会遍历ViewGroup,而是根据down时记录的mFirstTouchTarget对象,利用其中的
                //子View。直接将事件传递给该子View
                //------步骤 6 ------
                if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN
                        || (split && actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_DOWN)
                        || actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_HOVER_MOVE) {
                    //actionIndex 表明是否为多点触控,0为单点,1为多点触控
                    final int actionIndex = ev.getActionIndex(); // always 0 for down
                    final int idBitsToAssign = split ? 1 << ev.getPointerId(actionIndex)
                            : TouchTarget.ALL_POINTER_IDS;

                    // Clean up earlier touch targets for this pointer id in case they
                    // have become out of sync.
                    removePointersFromTouchTargets(idBitsToAssign);

                    final int childrenCount = mChildrenCount;
                    if (newTouchTarget == null && childrenCount != 0) {
                        final float x = ev.getX(actionIndex);
                        final float y = ev.getY(actionIndex);
                        // Find a child that can receive the event.
                        // Scan children from front to back.
                        //将ViewGroup的所有子View,根据View的Z轴大小进行排序,Z轴越高,排在前面
                        //这里考虑到View层级越靠前,越有机率被View进行处理
                        final ArrayList preorderedList = buildTouchDispatchChildList();
                        final boolean customOrder = preorderedList == null
                                && isChildrenDrawingOrderEnabled();
                        final View[] children = mChildren;
                        //该For循环,从排好序的List中,依次拿出View,判断当前View是否位于触摸事件的范围
                        //如果分发给View的事件被处理之后,那么mFirstTouchTarget就会被赋值,并跳出循环
                        //------步骤 7------
                        for (int i = childrenCount - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                            final int childIndex = getAndVerifyPreorderedIndex(
                                    childrenCount, i, customOrder);
                            final View child = getAndVerifyPreorderedView(
                                    preorderedList, children, childIndex);

                            // If there is a view that has accessibility focus we want it
                            // to get the event first and if not handled we will perform a
                            // normal dispatch. We may do a double iteration but this is
                            // safer given the timeframe.
                            if (childWithAccessibilityFocus != null) {
                                if (childWithAccessibilityFocus != child) {
                                    continue;
                                }
                                childWithAccessibilityFocus = null;
                                i = childrenCount - 1;
                            }
                            // ------- 步骤8 -------
                            //判断该子View是否可以收到该触摸事件,如果不能直接去判断下一个子View
                            if (!canViewReceivePointerEvents(child)
                                    || !isTransformedTouchPointInView(x, y, child, null)) {
                                ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
                                continue;
                            }

                            newTouchTarget = getTouchTarget(child);
                            if (newTouchTarget != null) {
                                // Child is already receiving touch within its bounds.
                                // Give it the new pointer in addition to the ones it is handling.
                                newTouchTarget.pointerIdBits |= idBitsToAssign;
                                break;
                            }

                            resetCancelNextUpFlag(child);
                            //如果子View在触摸范围内,然后将事件down传递给该子View,如果该子View这里返回true
                            //表示消耗了事件,跳出该循环,不在遍历其他子View。 // ------- 步骤9 --------
                            if (dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, false, child, idBitsToAssign)) {
                                // Child wants to receive touch within its bounds.
                                mLastTouchDownTime = ev.getDownTime();
                                if (preorderedList != null) {
                                    // childIndex points into presorted list, find original index
                                    for (int j = 0; j < childrenCount; j++) {
                                        if (children[childIndex] == mChildren[j]) {
                                            mLastTouchDownIndex = j;
                                            break;
                                        }
                                    }
                                } else {
                                    mLastTouchDownIndex = childIndex;
                                }
                                mLastTouchDownX = ev.getX();
                                mLastTouchDownY = ev.getY();
                                //mFirstTouchTarget就是这里被创建的
                                newTouchTarget = addTouchTarget(child, idBitsToAssign);
                                alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget = true;
                                break;
                            }

                            // The accessibility focus didn't handle the event, so clear
                            // the flag and do a normal dispatch to all children.
                            ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
                        }
                        if (preorderedList != null) preorderedList.clear();
                    }

                    if (newTouchTarget == null && mFirstTouchTarget != null) {
                        // Did not find a child to receive the event.
                        // Assign the pointer to the least recently added target.
                        newTouchTarget = mFirstTouchTarget;
                        while (newTouchTarget.next != null) {
                            newTouchTarget = newTouchTarget.next;
                        }
                        newTouchTarget.pointerIdBits |= idBitsToAssign;
                    }
                }
            }

            // Dispatch to touch targets.   ------- 步骤10 --------
            if (mFirstTouchTarget == null) {
                //这里是ViewGroup的所有子View都没有处理该事件时,那么ViewGroup就会
                //自己进行处理。
                // No touch targets so treat this as an ordinary view.
                handled = dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, canceled, null,
                        TouchTarget.ALL_POINTER_IDS);
            } else {
                // Dispatch to touch targets, excluding the new touch target if we already
                // dispatched to it.  Cancel touch targets if necessary.
                TouchTarget predecessor = null;
                TouchTarget target = mFirstTouchTarget;
                while (target != null) {
                    final TouchTarget next = target.next;
                    if (alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget && target == newTouchTarget) {
                        //这里是前面Down事件时,View消耗了事件会走进这里
                        handled = true;
                    } else {
                        final boolean cancelChild = resetCancelNextUpFlag(target.child)
                                || intercepted;
                        //这里是ViewGroup中如果有View对down处理了事件,从mFirstTouchTarget的拿出保存的View。
                        //将MOVE、UP事件传递给该View进行处理 ----- 步骤11 -----
                        if (dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, cancelChild,
                                target.child, target.pointerIdBits)) {
                            handled = true;
                        }
                        if (cancelChild) {
                            if (predecessor == null) {
                                mFirstTouchTarget = next;
                            } else {
                                predecessor.next = next;
                            }
                            target.recycle();
                            target = next;
                            continue;
                        }
                    }
                    predecessor = target;
                    target = next;
                }
            }

            // Update list of touch targets for pointer up or cancel, if needed.
            if (canceled
                    || actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP
                    || actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_HOVER_MOVE) {
                resetTouchState();
            } else if (split && actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_UP) {
                final int actionIndex = ev.getActionIndex();
                final int idBitsToRemove = 1 << ev.getPointerId(actionIndex);
                removePointersFromTouchTargets(idBitsToRemove);
            }
        }         

        if (!handled && mInputEventConsistencyVerifier != null) {
            mInputEventConsistencyVerifier.onUnhandledEvent(ev, 1);
        }
        return handled;
    }

在上面代码里我标记了一些记号

步骤1:过滤到ViewGroup被Window窗口遮挡的事件,不进行传递逻辑的判断

步骤2: 这里对Action_Down事件进行处理,清除touchTarget,重置触摸相关的标志位。这里可以看出每次Down事件就是一次新的事件序列。同一个事件序列中MOVE、UP事件将依赖DOWN事件,后面我们在提。

步骤3:这里要 ViewGroup是否拦截事件,子View能否收到触摸事件在这里进行了判断。 可以看到如果事件为Action_DOWN或者mFirstTouchTarget不为空。将会调用onInterceptTouchEvent()方法判断是否拦截。

mFirstTouchTarget当️子View对DOWN事件进行消耗时,将会创建TouchTarget对象,其中持有接收该事件的View的引用。若没有子View对DOWN事件进行消耗,那么mFirstTouchTarget将为空,当同一事件的MOVE、UP来时,将执行"intercepted = true",即MOVE、UP都不会在传递给子View进行判断处理是否消耗该事件了

步骤4: 会对GroupFlags 的FLAG_DISALLOW_INTETCEPT标记为进行判断,当设置了该标志位时,disallowIntercept为true。那么将不会执行onInterceptTouchEvent(ev)方法,执行intercepted = false。 这时候即使ViewGroup的onInterceptedTouchEvent()方法中返回true,但因为这里的标记为将不会被执行。所以起到了不允许拦截事件传递给子View的作用

步骤5: 没有取消,没有拦截,那么接下来就是传递给子View了。首先遍历ViewGroup中的子View,把事件传递给子View,让子View去进行处理是否消耗该事件

步骤6: 这里要注意只有ACTION_DOWN又或是另外俩中情况才会进行遍历子View,然后把事件传递给子View

步骤7: 进行ViewGroup的遍历,这里遍历的List是已经排好序的。根据View的Z轴大小进行排序,Z轴越高,排在前面这里考虑到View层级越靠前,越有机率被View进行处理

步骤8: 判断该子View是否可以收到该触摸事件,如果不能直接去判断下一个子View。View能否收到动画是判断View是否显示以及触摸坐标是否落在View上

步骤9: dispatchTransfromedTouchEvent方法为

private boolean dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(MotionEvent event, boolean cancel,
                                                  View child, int desiredPointerIdBits) {
        final boolean handled;
        ...
        // Perform any necessary transformations and dispatch.
        if (child == null) {
            handled = super.dispatchTouchEvent(transformedEvent);
        } else {
            final float offsetX = mScrollX - child.mLeft;
            final float offsetY = mScrollY - child.mTop;
            transformedEvent.offsetLocation(offsetX, offsetY);
            if (! child.hasIdentityMatrix()) {
                transformedEvent.transform(child.getInverseMatrix());
            }

            handled = child.dispatchTouchEvent(transformedEvent);
        }

        // Done.
        transformedEvent.recycle();
        return handled;
    }

方法参数child不为空,调用child.dispatchTouchEvent()方法,这样触摸事件就传递给了子View进行处理。如果子View中该方法返回了true,表示消耗了该事件。然后使用addTouchTarget()方法创建了TouchTarget对象。前面提到的mFirstTouchTarget就是这里被创建的,然后跳出for循环。如果没有一个在触摸范围内的子View的dispatchTouchEvent方法返回true,则mFirstTouchTarget就不会被赋值。

步骤10: 处理mFirstTouchTarget为null的情况,也就是ViewGroup中没有子View消耗该事件,那么调用dispatchTransformedTouchEvent()方法,这里child传參传为null,执行super.dispatchTouchEvent(transformedEvent); ViewGroup的父类为View,则调用View的dispatchTouchEvent()。也就是ViewGroup自己来处理该事件。

步骤11: 另外一种情况是mFirstTouchTarget不为空,也就是有子View消耗了事件。如果事件为DOWN,View消耗了事件,前面将alreadyDispatchToNewTouchTarget设置为ture,这里就会进去ialreadyDispatchToNewTouchTarget f 语句内,handler为true。 如果事件为MOVE、UP事件时,且mFirstTouchTarget不为空,步骤6则不会执行,直接会走到步骤11处,dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, cancelChild,
target.child, target.pointerIdBits)。取出mFirstTouchTarget中保存的View,传入该方法。

概括为:当DOWN事件被子View消耗时,会将该子View保存到mFirstTouchTarget,当同一事件序列中其他MOVE、UP事件到来时,不用在去遍历ViewGroup中的子View.直接将MOVE、UP事件传递给mFirstTouchTarget中保存的子View

四:流程图
ViewGroup事件分发
View事件分发
五:总结
  1. 当事件传递给ViewGroup时,首先会判断ViewGroup是否拦截事件传递给子View,如果不拦截,则会把落在子View区域的触摸事件传递给子View进行事件分发(如果子View是ViewGroup,则又会经历相同的步骤,进行事件分发),子View事件分发之后返回为false,表示没有消耗,则传递给其他子View。如果ViewGroup中没有一个子View对事件进行消耗,则ViewGroup会自己进行处理。

  2. 触摸事件只能被一个View进行处理或者说消耗

  3. 当ViewGroup对DOWN事件进行传递时,没有子View对该事件进行消耗,那么同一事件序列的MOVE、UP则不会在分发给子View了,这是由于按下的时候没有子View进行处理,则其他事件就直接自己处理了

  4. 如果DOWN事件进行分发时,有子View对事件进行消耗,同一事件序列的MOVE、UP将直接传递给该子View进行处理

  5. 每一次DOWN都是事件分发的重新开始,DOWN事件来时会清除
    FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT 标记位和mFirstTouchTarget

  6. 子View 可以设置 ViewGroup的FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT 标记位,让ViewGroup无法拦截同一事件中的MOVE、UP事件

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