2.Raspberrypi 3：树莓派开发板入门
目录
1.树莓派Raspberry Pi 3A+
2.树莓派3B+
3.产品图片
4.参数对比说明
5.资料收集
6.开发板入手实践第一步：登陆系统
7.开发板入手实践第二步：连接WIFI
1.树莓派Raspberry Pi 3A+
简介：Raspberry Pi（树莓派）基金会2018年11月发布的树莓派3代A+版（Raspberry Pi 3 MODEL A+）。尺寸是标准的树莓派A+尺寸，继承了3代的双频2.4GHz和5GHz无线网络、蓝牙4.2/BLE，以及经过改进的散热管理。拥有64位四核1.4 GHz处理器
通过在B+型基础上减半内存、移除USBHUB和以太网卡来寻求更低的成本控制。树莓派3代A+参数如下：
- *1.4GHz 64位四核ARM Cortex-A53 CPU
- *512MB LPDDR2 SDRAM
- *双频802.11ac无线局域网和蓝牙4.2/BLE
- *改进的USB大容量存储启动
- *改善的散热管理
2.树莓派3B+
简介：树莓派3B+依旧采用BCM2837B0型号CPU构建，是之前3B上用的博通处理器的更新版本，与前代相比在频率与散热性能上都有一定程度的提升。双频无线网卡和蓝牙采用 Cypress CYW43455 “combo” 芯片，与上一代产品相比，3B+ 在2.4GHz 频带的数据传输表现更好，并且在 5GHz 频带的表现将更好！树莓派3B+的蓝牙组件由 4.1 升级到 4.2，并且支持 2.4/5GHz 双频段无线网络，可提供最高 300Mbps 的网络接入（三倍于前代主板）。
新款的树莓派3代B+主要特性有：
- *1.4GHz 64位4核 ARM Cortex-A53 CPU
- *双频 802.11ac 无线网卡和蓝牙 4.2
- *更快的以太网（千兆以太网 over USB 2.0）
- *1G LPDDR2
- *PoE 支持（Power-over-Ethernet，with PoE HAT）
- *改进 PXE 网络与 USB 大容量存储启动
3.产品图片
4.参数对比说明
5.资料收集
- 树莓派官方网站
- 安装Ubuntu core
- Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+原理图
- Datasheet for the Compute Modules and related boards
- 树莓派实验室
- 树莓派中文站
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6.开发板入手实践第一步：登陆系统
近期收到一款Raspberrypi 3 B+的单板，没有显示器及键盘、鼠标等外围配件，决定制作一个SD卡启动盘，然后通过一根网线使用ssh登录系统。
1.制作SD启动盘
下载镜像写入及IP扫描工具及树莓派系统
镜像写入工具（Win32DiskImager）提取码：1l89 官方下载
IP扫描工具（IPScan22）提取码：l479网友提供的下载链接
最新的树莓派镜像文件 提取码：jbbn 官方下载链接
安装好Win32DiskImager工具，将镜像写入SD卡，写入过程需要花费一点时间
映像文件选择下载的树莓派系统映像，设备选择要写入的SD卡，然后点击写入，等待10分钟左右。系统盘制作完成。
2.登录设备准备
使用Micro USB 5v电源给树莓派供电，同时连接网线。上电后，板子上的PWR的红色指示灯（过一段时间熄灭）及ACT绿灯会亮（运行过程中一直闪烁），网口的绿灯也会闪烁（连接网线）。开机成功。。。。。。。。。
没有显示器操作树莓派，可能会不知道树莓派有线网卡自动分配到的IP地址，也不知道登录到哪儿。于是，安装了一个IPScan22的工具（也可以在路由器控制台查看板子的IP）。
按Start开始扫描，即可看到同一网段内所有计算机的列表。
找到扫描出的网络设备的生产商为Raspberry Pi Foundation，对应的IP就是树莓派的IP。
使用putty通过ssh服务登录树莓派，弹出如下警告，被拒绝登录。
后来网上看资料说：
其原因是自 2016-11 官方发布的 Raspbian 系统镜像，系统默认禁用了 SSH 服务。
重新开启也很简单，把SD卡拔下来，进入到根目录，新建一个名为ssh的空白文件就行了。
按照上述说法进行操作，输入用户名（pi）及密码（raspberry）。Perfect，成功进入系统。
7.开发板入手实践第二步：连接WIFI
1.扫描存在的wifi
//#查看扫描到的WIFI
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ iwlist scan
eth0 Interface doesn't support scanning.
lo Interface doesn't support scanning.
wlan0 Scan completed :
Cell 01 - Address: 30:B4:9E:19:E8:2B
Channel:6
Frequency:2.437 GHz (Channel 6)
Quality=70/70 Signal level=-10 dBm
Encryption key:on
ESSID:"FlyMe"
Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 6 Mb/s
9 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s
Bit Rates:24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s
Mode:Master
Extra:tsf=0000000000000000
Extra: Last beacon: 22790ms ago
IE: Unknown: 0005466C794D65
IE: Unknown: 010882848B960C121824
IE: Unknown: 030106
IE: Unknown: 2A0100
IE: Unknown: 32043048606C
IE: Unknown: 2D1A6E1003FF00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
IE: Unknown: 3D1606070200000000000000000000000000000000000000
IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1
Group Cipher : CCMP
Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP
Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
IE: WPA Version 1
Group Cipher : CCMP
Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP
Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
IE: Unknown: DD180050F2020101000003A4000027A4000042435E0062322F00
IE: Unknown: DD05000AEB0100
Cell 02 - Address: BC:3D:85:A5:08:07
Channel:1
Frequency:2.412 GHz (Channel 1)
Quality=67/70 Signal level=-43 dBm
Encryption key:on
ESSID:"Honor 9 fly"
Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s
24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s
Bit Rates:6 Mb/s; 9 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s
Mode:Master
Extra:tsf=0000000000000000
Extra: Last beacon: 22790ms ago
IE: Unknown: 000B486F6E6F72203920666C79
IE: Unknown: 010882848B962430486C
IE: Unknown: 030101
IE: Unknown: 2A0100
IE: Unknown: 32040C121860
IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1
Group Cipher : CCMP
Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP
Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
IE: Unknown: 2D1A210017FF00000000000000000080010000000000000000000000
IE: Unknown: 3D1601080400000000000000000000000000000000000000
IE: Unknown: 7F080400008001000040
IE: Unknown: DD1E00904C0408BF0C3250800FFEFF0000FEFF0000C0050001000000C3020002
IE: Unknown: DD090010180201101C0000
IE: Unknown: DD180050F2020101800003A4000027A4000042435E0062322F00
Cell 03 - Address: 88:25:93:46:FE:04
Channel:6
Frequency:2.437 GHz (Channel 6)
Quality=31/70 Signal level=-79 dBm
Encryption key:off
ESSID:"Guest_2.4GHz"
Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 6 Mb/s
9 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s
Bit Rates:24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s
Mode:Master
Extra:tsf=0000000000000000
Extra: Last beacon: 22790ms ago
IE: Unknown: 000C47756573745F322E3447487A
IE: Unknown: 010882848B960C121824
IE: Unknown: 030106
IE: Unknown: 050400010000
IE: Unknown: 2A0100
IE: Unknown: 32043048606C
IE: Unknown: 2D1AEE111BFFFFFF0000000000000000000100000000000000000000
IE: Unknown: 3D16060C0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
IE: Unknown: 4A0E14000A002C01C800140005001900
IE: Unknown: 7F080100000000000040
IE: Unknown: DD180050F2020101800003A4000027A4000042435E0062322F00
IE: Unknown: DD0900037F01010000FF7F
Cell 04 - Address: 88:25:93:46:FF:AF
Channel:1
Frequency:2.412 GHz (Channel 1)
Quality=45/70 Signal level=-65 dBm
Encryption key:off
ESSID:"Guest_2.4GHz"
Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 6 Mb/s
9 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s
Bit Rates:24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s
Mode:Master
Extra:tsf=0000000000000000
Extra: Last beacon: 22790ms ago
IE: Unknown: 000C47756573745F322E3447487A
IE: Unknown: 010882848B960C121824
IE: Unknown: 030101
IE: Unknown: 050400010100
IE: Unknown: 2A0100
IE: Unknown: 32043048606C
IE: Unknown: 2D1AEE111BFFFFFF0000000000000000000100000000000000000000
IE: Unknown: 3D16010C0600000000000000000000000000000000000000
IE: Unknown: 4A0E14000A002C01C800140005001900
IE: Unknown: 7F080100000000000040
IE: Unknown: DD180050F2020101800003A4000027A4000042435E0062322F00
IE: Unknown: DD0900037F01010000FF7F
Cell 05 - Address: 02:21:46:AC:E4:3A
Channel:6
Frequency:2.437 GHz (Channel 6)
Quality=59/70 Signal level=-51 dBm
Encryption key:on
ESSID:""
Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 6 Mb/s
9 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s
Bit Rates:24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s
Mode:Master
Extra:tsf=0000000000000000
Extra: Last beacon: 22790ms ago
IE: Unknown: 0000
IE: Unknown: 010882848B960C121824
IE: Unknown: 030106
IE: Unknown: 050401020000
IE: Unknown: 32043048606C
IE: Unknown: 2A0100
IE: Unknown: 2D1A300103FF00000000000000000000000100000000000000000000
IE: Unknown: 3D1606000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
IE: Unknown: 7F0100
IE: Unknown: DD180050F2020101800003A4000027A4000042435E0062322F00
IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1
Group Cipher : CCMP
Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP
Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
Cell 06 - Address: 88:25:93:97:9D:10
Channel:1
Frequency:2.412 GHz (Channel 1)
Quality=43/70 Signal level=-67 dBm
Encryption key:off
ESSID:"Guest_2.4GHz"
Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 6 Mb/s
9 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s
Bit Rates:24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s
Mode:Master
Extra:tsf=0000000000000000
Extra: Last beacon: 22790ms ago
IE: Unknown: 000C47756573745F322E3447487A
IE: Unknown: 010882848B960C121824
IE: Unknown: 030101
IE: Unknown: 2A0100
IE: Unknown: 32043048606C
IE: Unknown: 2D1AEF111BFFFF000000000000000000000100000000000000000000
IE: Unknown: 3D16010C0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
IE: Unknown: 4A0E14000A002C01C800140005001900
IE: Unknown: 7F080100000000000040
IE: Unknown: DD180050F2020101800003A4000027A4000042435E0062322F00
IE: Unknown: DD0900037F01010000FF7F2.修改配置文件并保存：sudo vi /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=netdev
update_config=1
country=CN
network={
ssid="WIFI_SSID"
psk="PASSWD"
priority=5
}3.重启，拔掉网线，树莓派会自动连接WIFI
//#连接WIFI后扫到的wifi
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ iwlist scan
eth0 Interface doesn't support scanning.
lo Interface doesn't support scanning.
wlan0 Scan completed :
Cell 01 - Address: 30:B4:9E:19:E8:2B
Channel:6
Frequency:2.437 GHz (Channel 6)
Quality=70/70 Signal level=-15 dBm
Encryption key:on
ESSID:"FlyMe"
Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 6 Mb/s
9 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s
Bit Rates:24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s
Mode:Master
Extra:tsf=0000000000000000
Extra: Last beacon: 55060ms ago
IE: Unknown: 0005466C794D65
IE: Unknown: 010882848B960C121824
IE: Unknown: 030106
IE: Unknown: 050700010000000000
IE: Unknown: 2A0100
IE: Unknown: 32043048606C
IE: Unknown: 2D1A6E1003FF00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
IE: Unknown: 3D1606070000000000000000000000000000000000000000
IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1
Group Cipher : CCMP
Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP
Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
IE: WPA Version 1
Group Cipher : CCMP
Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP
Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
IE: Unknown: DD180050F2020101000003A4000027A4000042435E0062322F00
IE: Unknown: DD05000AEB0100
IE: Unknown: 3D1606070200000000000000000000000000000000000000