前言
微服务架构，前后端分离目前已成为互联网项目开发的业界标准，其核心思想就是前端（APP、小程序、H5页面等）通过调用后端的API接口，提交及返回JSON数据进行交互。
在前后端分离项目中，首先要解决的就是登录及授权的问题。微服务架构下，传统的session认证限制了应用的扩展能力，无状态的JWT认证方法应运而生，该认证机制特别适用于分布式站点的单点登录（SSO）场景
目录
该文会通过创建SpringBoot项目整合SpringSecurity，实现完整的JWT认证机制，主要步骤如下：
- 创建SpringBoot工程
- 导入SpringSecurity与JWT的相关依赖
- 定义SpringSecurity需要的基础处理类
- 构建JWT token工具类
- 实现token验证的过滤器
- SpringSecurity的关键配置
- 编写Controller进行测试
1、创建SpringBoot工程
SpringBoot工程项目目录
2、导入SpringSecurity与JWT的相关依赖
pom文件加入以下依赖
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-security
...
io.jsonwebtoken
jjwt-api
0.10.6
io.jsonwebtoken
jjwt-impl
0.10.6
io.jsonwebtoken
jjwt-jackson
0.10.6
3.定义SpringSecurity需要的基础处理类
application.yml配置中加入jwt配置信息：
#jwt
jwt:
header: Authorization
# 令牌前缀
token-start-with: Bearer
# 使用Base64对该令牌进行编码
base64-secret: XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX(制定您的密钥)
# 令牌过期时间 此处单位/毫秒
token-validity-in-seconds: 14400000
创建一个jwt的配置类，并注入Spring，便于程序中灵活调用
@Data
@Configuration
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "jwt")
public class JwtSecurityProperties {
/** Request Headers ： Authorization */
private String header;
/** 令牌前缀，最后留个空格 Bearer */
private String tokenStartWith;
/** Base64对该令牌进行编码 */
private String base64Secret;
/** 令牌过期时间 此处单位/毫秒 */
private Long tokenValidityInSeconds;
/**返回令牌前缀 */
public String getTokenStartWith() {
return tokenStartWith + " ";
}
}
定义无权限访问类
@Component
public class JwtAccessDeniedHandler implements AccessDeniedHandler {
@Override
public void handle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, AccessDeniedException accessDeniedException) throws IOException {
response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_FORBIDDEN, accessDeniedException.getMessage());
}
}
定义认证失败处理类
@Component
public class JwtAuthenticationEntryPoint implements AuthenticationEntryPoint {
@Override
public void commence(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response,
AuthenticationException authException) throws IOException {
response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_UNAUTHORIZED, authException==null?"Unauthorized":authException.getMessage());
}
}
4. 构建JWT token工具类
工具类实现创建token与校验token功能
@Slf4j
@Component
public class JwtTokenUtils implements InitializingBean {
private final JwtSecurityProperties jwtSecurityProperties;
private static final String AUTHORITIES_KEY = "auth";
private Key key;
public JwtTokenUtils(JwtSecurityProperties jwtSecurityProperties) {
this.jwtSecurityProperties = jwtSecurityProperties;
}
@Override
public void afterPropertiesSet() {
byte[] keyBytes = Decoders.BASE64.decode(jwtSecurityProperties.getBase64Secret());
this.key = Keys.hmacShaKeyFor(keyBytes);
}
public String createToken (Map claims) {
return Jwts.builder()
.claim(AUTHORITIES_KEY, claims)
.setId(UUID.randomUUID().toString())
.setIssuedAt(new Date())
.setExpiration(new Date((new Date()).getTime() + jwtSecurityProperties.getTokenValidityInSeconds()))
.compressWith(CompressionCodecs.DEFLATE)
.signWith(key,SignatureAlgorithm.HS512)
.compact();
}
public Date getExpirationDateFromToken(String token) {
Date expiration;
try {
final Claims claims = getClaimsFromToken(token);
expiration = claims.getExpiration();
} catch (Exception e) {
expiration = null;
}
return expiration;
}
public Authentication getAuthentication(String token) {
Claims claims = Jwts.parser()
.setSigningKey(key)
.parseClaimsJws(token)
.getBody();
Collection authorities =
Arrays.stream(claims.get(AUTHORITIES_KEY).toString().split(","))
.map(SimpleGrantedAuthority::new)
.collect(Collectors.toList());
HashMap map =(HashMap) claims.get("auth");
User principal = new User(map.get("user").toString(), map.get("password").toString(), authorities);
return new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(principal, token, authorities);
}
public boolean validateToken(String authToken) {
try {
Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(key).parseClaimsJws(authToken);
return true;
} catch (io.jsonwebtoken.security.SecurityException | MalformedJwtException e) {
log.info("Invalid JWT signature.");
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ExpiredJwtException e) {
log.info("Expired JWT token.");
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (UnsupportedJwtException e) {
log.info("Unsupported JWT token.");
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
log.info("JWT token compact of handler are invalid.");
e.printStackTrace();
}
return false;
}
private Claims getClaimsFromToken(String token) {
Claims claims;
try {
claims = Jwts.parser()
.setSigningKey(key)
.parseClaimsJws(token)
.getBody();
} catch (Exception e) {
claims = null;
}
return claims;
}
}
5.实现token验证的过滤器
该类继承OncePerRequestFilter，顾名思义，它能够确保在一次请求中只通过一次filter
该类使用JwtTokenUtils工具类进行token校验
@Component
@Slf4j
public class JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {
private JwtTokenUtils jwtTokenUtils;
public JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter(JwtTokenUtils jwtTokenUtils) {
this.jwtTokenUtils = jwtTokenUtils;
}
@Override
protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws ServletException, IOException {
JwtSecurityProperties jwtSecurityProperties = SpringContextHolder.getBean(JwtSecurityProperties.class);
String requestRri = httpServletRequest.getRequestURI();
//获取request token
String token = null;
String bearerToken = httpServletRequest.getHeader(jwtSecurityProperties.getHeader());
if (StringUtils.hasText(bearerToken) && bearerToken.startsWith(jwtSecurityProperties.getTokenStartWith())) {
token = bearerToken.substring(jwtSecurityProperties.getTokenStartWith().length());
}
if (StringUtils.hasText(token) && jwtTokenUtils.validateToken(token)) {
Authentication authentication = jwtTokenUtils.getAuthentication(token);
SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);
log.debug("set Authentication to security context for '{}', uri: {}", authentication.getName(), requestRri);
} else {
log.debug("no valid JWT token found, uri: {}", requestRri);
}
filterChain.doFilter(httpServletRequest, httpServletResponse);
}
}
根据SpringBoot官方让重复执行的filter实现一次执行过程的解决方案，参见官网地址：https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/htmlsingle/#howto-disable-registration-of-a-servlet-or-filter
在SpringBoot启动类中，加入以下代码：
@Bean
public FilterRegistrationBean registration(JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter filter) {
FilterRegistrationBean registration = new FilterRegistrationBean(filter);
registration.setEnabled(false);
return registration;
}
6. SpringSecurity的关键配置
SpringBoot推荐使用配置类来代替xml配置，该类中涉及了以上几个bean来供security使用
- JwtAccessDeniedHandler ：无权限访问
- jwtAuthenticationEntryPoint ：认证失败处理
- jwtAuthenticationTokenFilter ：token验证的过滤器
package com.zhuhuix.startup.security.config;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.filter.TokenFilter;
import com.zhuhuix.startup.security.security.JwtAccessDeniedHandler;
import com.zhuhuix.startup.security.security.JwtAuthenticationEntryPoint;
import com.zhuhuix.startup.security.security.JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter;
import com.zhuhuix.startup.security.utils.JwtTokenUtils;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.SecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.method.configuration.EnableGlobalMethodSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.web.DefaultSecurityFilterChain;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter;
/**
* Spring Security配置类
*
* @author zhuhuix
* @date 2020-03-25
*/
@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled = true, securedEnabled = true)
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
private final JwtAccessDeniedHandler jwtAccessDeniedHandler;
private final JwtAuthenticationEntryPoint jwtAuthenticationEntryPoint;
private final JwtTokenUtils jwtTokenUtils;
public WebSecurityConfig(JwtAccessDeniedHandler jwtAccessDeniedHandler, JwtAuthenticationEntryPoint jwtAuthenticationEntryPoint, JwtTokenUtils jwtTokenUtils) {
this.jwtAccessDeniedHandler = jwtAccessDeniedHandler;
this.jwtAuthenticationEntryPoint = jwtAuthenticationEntryPoint;
this.jwtTokenUtils = jwtTokenUtils;
}
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity httpSecurity) throws Exception {
httpSecurity
// 禁用 CSRF
.csrf().disable()
// 授权异常
.exceptionHandling()
.authenticationEntryPoint(jwtAuthenticationEntryPoint)
.accessDeniedHandler(jwtAccessDeniedHandler)
// 防止iframe 造成跨域
.and()
.headers()
.frameOptions()
.disable()
// 不创建会话
.and()
.sessionManagement()
.sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS)
.and()
.authorizeRequests()
// 放行静态资源
.antMatchers(
HttpMethod.GET,
"/*.html",
"/**/*.html",
"/**/*.css",
"/**/*.js",
"/webSocket/**"
).permitAll()
// 放行swagger
.antMatchers("/swagger-ui.html").permitAll()
.antMatchers("/swagger-resources/**").permitAll()
.antMatchers("/webjars/**").permitAll()
.antMatchers("/*/api-docs").permitAll()
// 放行文件访问
.antMatchers("/file/**").permitAll()
// 放行druid
.antMatchers("/druid/**").permitAll()
// 放行OPTIONS请求
.antMatchers(HttpMethod.OPTIONS, "/**").permitAll()
//允许匿名及登录用户访问
.antMatchers("/api/auth/**", "/error/**").permitAll()
// 所有请求都需要认证
.anyRequest().authenticated();
// 禁用缓存
httpSecurity.headers().cacheControl();
// 添加JWT filter
httpSecurity
.apply(new TokenConfigurer(jwtTokenUtils));
}
public class TokenConfigurer extends SecurityConfigurerAdapter {
private final JwtTokenUtils jwtTokenUtils;
public TokenConfigurer(JwtTokenUtils jwtTokenUtils){
this.jwtTokenUtils = jwtTokenUtils;
}
@Override
public void configure(HttpSecurity http) {
JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter customFilter = new JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter(jwtTokenUtils);
http.addFilterBefore(customFilter, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);
}
}
}
7. 编写Controller进行测试
登录逻辑：传递user与password参数，返回token
@Slf4j
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/auth")
@Api(tags = "系统授权接口")
public class AuthController {
private final JwtTokenUtils jwtTokenUtils;
public AuthController(JwtTokenUtils jwtTokenUtils) {
this.jwtTokenUtils = jwtTokenUtils;
}
@ApiOperation("登录授权")
@GetMapping(value = "/login")
public String login(String user,String password){
Map map = new HashMap();
map.put("user",user);
map.put("password",password);
return jwtTokenUtils.createToken(map);
}
}
Request请求
Response返回token
验证逻辑：传递token，验证成功后返回用户信息
Request请求，Headers加入Authorization:(token值)
Response结果
token验证错误返回401：
在这里插入图片描述